Correct connection heating radiators two-pipe system- the key to comfort in the house. This system itself allows you to distribute heat over several rooms. But you need radiators to effectively heat your house or apartment!

In order for a two-pipe system to work well and ensure uniform heating of the entire building, it is necessary to correctly connect and. The type of connection is also important, and there are several of them. In this publication we will talk about their advantages, disadvantages and features.

Diagram of a two-pipe system

The basis of a two-pipe heating system is two pipes. Through one, heated water enters the batteries, through the other, cooled water is removed from them. Heating is carried out by any heat source - boiler, boiler.

If the connection of heating radiators with a single-pipe heating system is serial and the water cools down as it passes through the radiators, then with a two-pipe heating system it is parallel and the heating is more uniform.

The difference between a two-pipe heating system and a single-pipe one is that it heats all radiators almost evenly. Small heat losses are possible due to the distance from the heating device - than longer water goes through the pipe, the more it cools.

Read also:

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Efficient connection of heating radiators

There are four main schemes for connecting heating radiators with a two-pipe system:

• Lateral;
• Upper;
• Lower;
• Diagonal.

Some radiators are designed to certain types connections, but there are those that are considered universal.

Side connection

With this type of connection, water enters and exits the heating battery from the same side. At the same time, it passes more slowly through sections that are further from the connection points. Due to this, the temperature in this place is lower and the radiator heats less efficiently.

Top connection

If you connect a regular radiator this way, it will be ineffective. Warm water will flow in the upper part and only warm it up.

There are radiators designed for top connection. They have a plug installed that redirects water to the lower part of the radiator and it circulates as in a diagonal radiator. Such radiators warm up well over the entire area.

Bottom connection of heating radiators

If you connect a regular radiator this way, the main flow of water will pass through its lower part. Part of it will rise upward due to natural convection and the radiator will warm up, but not completely.

Of course, in the design section it’s too early to talk about installing radiators. However, connecting heating batteries needs to be considered at this stage. I mean, choose the method of connecting radiators to the pipeline.

What are we talking about, you ask?

The most efficient connection of radiators

As is known, sectional radiators have four outputs (or inputs?):

At first glance, it seems to make no difference in which of these places the supply and return pipes are connected. But this is only at first glance. Because with different options Battery connections will and will operate with different efficiencies.

In order not to bore you, I will immediately show you the connection method that is considered the most effective. Like this:

With this connection method, the radiator warms up most fully, evenly, and its heat transfer is better than with other methods.

Let's consider other methods for comparison.

One-way connection of heating batteries

This connection looks schematically like this:

And with such a connection there is a limitation on the number of sections: for aluminum radiator no more than 20 sections.

Bottom connection of radiators

Here the supply and return are connected to the lower radiator outlets:

According to this scheme, the batteries are connected when the pipes pass at the bottom of the wall or along the floor (for example, with collector wiring). As we can see from the figure, the efficiency with such a connection decreases further, to 88%.

Connecting radiators with bottom supply

Mirror reflection of the first method, i.e. the supply is at the bottom, and the return comes out diagonally at the top:

The efficiency of the radiator with this connection is only 80%.

And another option for connecting a battery with a feed at the bottom:

The radiator efficiency is even lower: 78%.

One-sided bottom connection of radiators

There are radiators with inlets and outlets nearby. Schematically, the connection of such radiators looks like this:

This connection has the advantage that the pipes are not noticeable, but the efficiency with this connection is also 78%. To gain the required power with such radiators, you need to install more sections.

How does the method of installing a radiator affect its performance?

In addition to the connection method, the efficiency of the radiator is affected by how it is installed. What am I talking about? Yes about the next one.

Usually radiators are placed under windows and this is correct and good... if not for the window sills. In the absence of a window sill, nothing would prevent the radiator from giving off heat to the air, which would freely rise vertically upward. And all 100% of the heat from the radiator would be used to heat the room.

Because of the window sill, the trajectory of air movement changes, heat transfer decreases by 3...4%. If the radiator is also hidden in some niche, then its efficiency drops further, by as much as 7%:

Decorative screens further reduce the heat transfer of radiators. If the screen has space at the bottom for air access, then heat transfer is reduced by 5...7%:

And for radiators completely covered with a decorative screen, heat transfer generally drops by 20...25%.

Conclusion: if you really want to hide the radiator from view, choose at least screens that have air access from below.

So, now you know practically (theoretically :)) everything about connecting heating batteries. And directly about their installation in one of the following articles.

connecting heating batteries

In this article, we will look at connection diagrams for heating radiators and you will understand which scheme to choose for you. Today the question is in choosing two schemes and two systems for the operation of systems radiator heating. The first is a gravity system that operates without forced circulation using circulation pump. And the second system is precisely the system that operates forcibly using a circulation pump. But these systems can also cooperate with each other.

That is, we have a gravitational radiator heating circuit that works on its own, precisely according to the physical laws of heat and cold, but there is a forced system.

What could be simpler than heating radiator connection diagrams? There is a boiler: solid fuel, diesel, gas, etc. The coolant is heated in the boiler, which gets there under the action of a pump. The heated coolant goes into the radiator heating system; in the radiators, heat is transferred to the surrounding air. The coolant cools down and, already cooled, returns to the boiler, where it heats up again and so the circle is closed. Everything is very, very simple, but, nevertheless, in reality, schemes can be much more complex. Let's see what these schemes are and how they differ from each other, let's look at their advantages and disadvantages.

Spider radiator connection diagram

Let’s figuratively imagine a boiler from which we take a pipeline and bring it somewhere to the center of the house. Usually such a system is called a spider. We lower the risers and collect them, sending it all to the return line. We connect radiators to the pipes. The coolant rises upward according to its natural physical laws. That is, the hot coolant goes up, and on the second pipe in the middle it leaves and falls down. It passes through the radiator, cools and enters the return line.

Please note that the lower pipes are sloped. This is the only problem, that you need to do slopes. But it is precisely in today’s time that many are again switching to these old systems, as problems with energy resources begin. For example, the electricity is often turned off, and the pump will not work. The system will just stop. But such a system works for you all the time. The boiler can be any: gas, coal, diesel and even electric. This whole system will work.

This system is very cumbersome. It must be practically brought out onto the roof and into the attic. Therefore, not everyone can master it.

Connection diagram "Leningradka"

Let's consider the second system. When we take the feed from the boiler and then lower it down. We carry it out at the level of the radiators and then return it back to the boiler. Here, too, it is necessary to observe the slope. Figuratively, this is called a radiator heating system, since 2-3 radiators are mounted along the length. That is, the first one enters the hot coolant, some part goes down the return line cooled, and the hot part goes to the next radiator. like this heating radiator connection diagram also called “classical Leningradka”. The only thing is to raise the pipes a little upward to create acceleration. Then the water will go down the slope, here they are also very important. This is not always convenient to do, because the doors will get in the way. Also, the fewer taps, the better. this system works. If you do not follow this rule, you can plant the entire system.

Leningradka can work with a pump. He crashes into the return line. Due to it, the speed increases and the system works more efficiently. The only drawback of this system is the large diameter of the pipes. If in a forced connection scheme for heating radiators we take pipes with a diameter of 32, we will install a pump and it will push everything everywhere. Here, for the system to work, the pipes must be large. So now it's very good systems. In new buildings, we always recommend making just such a diagram for connecting heating radiators if there are problems with the electricity supply. And here you can light the stove or even gas boilers. Now there are non-volatile systems with temperature control.

Single-pipe forced circuit

The most simple circuit connecting heating radiators from those that are used in practice is a one-pipe system. It's good because it's simple and less pipes goes to the tracks. It is because of this that it was often used back in Soviet times, precisely to save material.

However, this advantage of the “single-tube” looks dubious against the background of its disadvantages. The main one is parallel threads. The coolant enters the radiator, gives off heat to the surrounding air, and then returns to its own flow. But, since the coolant in the radiator has cooled a little, the flow temperature decreases slightly. That is, the coolant enters the second radiator cooler than the one that entered the first. The second radiator gives off heat again, the coolant has cooled again and is again mixed with the coolant that comes from the boiler and from the first radiator. It comes to the third radiator even colder than to the second. If the system is long enough, then temperature changes on the last radiator will be quite noticeable.

How can you correct the situation when different radiators heat differently? The only solution is to increase the size of the latest radiators. And the easiest way is not to use a single-pipe scheme, but to choose some other one. Which one? Is this what we'll look at next?

Two-pipe radiator connection diagram

It is very simple: all devices in this heating radiator connection diagram are connected in parallel to each other. Like everything that moves, liquid, of course, chooses the path that is easiest for it. With a two-pipe design, it is easier for the coolant to flow through the first radiator. Further on, on the second radiator, the pressure will be weaker, so there will be less flow through it. On the third radiator there will be even less pressure, and so on throughout the network. If there are a lot of radiators, then there is a high probability that with such a scheme nothing will flow through the last radiator at all.

It turns out that the first radiator heats the best, the second heats worse, the third even worse, the fourth heats very poorly, and the last does not heat at all. The problem is similar to what we observed in the single-pipe circuit; it can be partially solved by increasing the area of ​​the last radiator.

Both systems are bad because they are very poorly balanced. We can struggle for a long time with the fact that one radiator heats us, but the other does not. If we close one, the first one starts to heat up. We close the first one, the second one starts heating, but the first one stops heating. This is the kind of nonsense that happens in two-pipe schemes connecting heating radiators. It happens that there are two radiators next to each other, there is a flow through one, but there is no flow through the other. That's all. No matter how you fight, no matter how you adjust, either one or the other warms, but never together. Therefore, if you use such a system, then use it in very small spaces.

Tichelman scheme: all radiators in the same conditions

As the name implies, this heating radiator connection diagram is quite simple, but at the same time tricky. The first radiator is located closest to the pump, but farthest from the return pipe, and the last is located farthest from the pump, but closest to the return pipe. It turns out that the resistance on each radiator, or the pressure on each radiator, is the same. The flow through all radiators is the same. If we take and shut off any of these radiators, the rest will work as they did, the system balances itself. It seems to work here more pipes, but in fact, if these radiators are located in a circle around the building, then the diagram turns out to be much lighter, simpler, and more elegant than the previous ones. The Tichelman loop can be tied around two or even three floors. Moreover, if you close all the radiators on one floor, they will continue to heat normally on the other.

Radial diagram for connecting heating radiators

Let's consider a scheme in which a collector is used. The coolant from the boiler approaches the collector, and from the collector to each of the radiators there is its own pair of pipes: direct and return. If these pipes are hidden in the floor, for example, in the insulation of a heated floor screed, or even placed between the “subfloor” and the finished floor, then a room without pipes will look very aesthetically pleasing. Pipes to another floor can be routed along the ceiling. With this scheme, each of the radiators can also be turned off, but the others will continue to work.

What and where should I finally use it?

Let's summarize. If you live in central cities and you do not have problems with energy, gas, electricity and others, we recommend using a two-pipe system, with oncoming traffic, with circular traffic and forced circulation. Because then we save on the diameter of the pipes and the volume of coolant. Accordingly, the less water is needed, the less energy is required to heat it.

If you have problems with energy resources or often experience emergency situations, then you should consider connection diagrams for gravity-type heating radiators with natural circulation. Just in case, you can also embed a pump there, only it is embedded around the pipe so that it does not interfere with the main passage. For the time when you have electricity, you will drive it with a pump, because the speed increases, the radiators are all at a uniform temperature. The efficiency of the pump increases by 30-50%. When there is no electricity, this system will continue to work for you. You already know which radiators you have chosen, their number and size. Accordingly, you can now calculate what is needed in order to connect them. Let me remind you that in the first case, large, large diameters are needed; large valves can be used. And of course, in this case it is difficult to regulate the temperature. Of course there are options, we will definitely consider them in a more detailed review.

Radiator connection methods

A classic multi-section radiator consists of several sections that transfer heat from the coolant to the surrounding air. When assembling the radiator, thanks threaded connection the upper and lower manifold of each section are hermetically connected to each other, increasing the total length. A closed system is formed that uses the coolant as an energy source.

There are 3 schemes for connecting a heating battery to the system:

1. Lateral.
2. Bottom.
3. Diagonal.

Let's look at each option in detail.

Lateral connection of radiators

In the case of lateral connection of radiators, the inlet and outlet pipes occur on the same side. Most often, hot coolant enters through the entry point at the top of the battery, and spent coolant exits through the lower connection point. But there are exceptions when the connection is made the other way around. It is assumed that the coolant flows evenly along the entire length of the radiator, then goes down and exits. But in reality this is not the case; the coolant passes through the sections closest to the exit much faster than through those further away.

This is due to the length of the path, if for the near section it is 8-10 cm of the section width, vertical pipeline and 8-10 cm to the exit, then for the far section this path is many times longer. During the time it takes for the coolant to reach the far section and then return, two to three times more volume can pass through the near section. Because of this, the heating process of the battery occurs unevenly; the distant sections may be slightly warm, while those closest to the input and output will be hot.

There is also a diagram for the side connection of heating radiators, only from the bottom. With this scheme, the hot coolant comes from below and, in theory, rises evenly upward. But in reality we have the same thing as with the top connection: the first sections warm up perfectly. The rest are getting smaller and smaller.

Bottom connection of radiators

Quite often there is such a scheme for connecting heating radiators, when the incoming coolant flow is connected to the lower collector, while the output flow is connected to the lower collector from the other end radiator battery.

Hot water has a lower density and, due to this, must rise upward, and the already cooled coolant must sink down. Thanks to this circulation, the coolant is replaced with a hotter one. But according to manufacturers’ calculations, with this type of battery connection, 10 to 20 percent of the coolant simply flows past vertical pipelines and do not participate in heat exchange. This is due to the fact that the narrow channel does not facilitate effective circulation and the process of displacing the cooled coolant can occur very slowly. Naturally, when salts and scale are deposited on the vertical radiator pipes, the circulation speed will deteriorate and the efficiency will drop even more.

Diagonal battery connection

Most efficient scheme connecting the heating battery to the heating network. In this case, the incoming flow is connected to the upper collector, and the output flow is connected to the lower collector on the opposite side. The coolant flow moves diagonally and all sections are involved in effective heat exchange. This is how it is achieved maximum efficiency coolant use and losses are reduced.

Special radiator models

IN apartment buildings Heating wiring is often made in such a way that only side or bottom connection of heating radiators is possible. Changes to the project can only be made in agreement with the commission, and this is a long and tedious task. But many manufacturers of radiator batteries anticipate this problem and produce systems with diagonally routed collectors:

It is possible to carry out such modernizations with already installed batteries. Brackets with flow extensions can be easily found at plumbing supply stores. An experienced plumber will be required for installation, as it will be necessary to disconnect the radiators from the network, disassemble the approach or outlet pipeline and seal the assembly.

There are similar solutions for covering the end section. Most often this is a coupling that twists at the exit point and has a remote plug. It closes the hole between the penultimate and last sections of the radiator and redirects the main coolant flow along a bypass path.

And finally, some useful tips:

• do not make branches that are too long, especially to other floors. The coolant must reach the radiator;
• When placing the collector in a room, do not place it at the end. The length of the branches to the radiators should be approximately the same. Otherwise, the coolant temperature in different radiators may differ markedly;
• When installing pipes in the floor or ceiling, lead them to the radiators entirely, without breaking the connections. Otherwise, if one day such a pipe leaks, it will be a very big problem.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the connection diagrams for heating radiators of typical heating systems. Anyone with a general secondary education can understand them in order to design and install their own system. Of course, when creating heating systems, it is necessary to take into account many nuances, but this is a topic for another discussion.

Content

To provide a private house heat, it is necessary to carefully consider the design of the heating system. It is important not only to correctly select the boiler power and choose high-quality batteries, but also to correctly connect the heating radiators. At the same time, the choice of heating system and the direction of movement of the coolant through the internal channels of the battery affects the amount of heat supplied in the form of infrared radiation and convection heating of air masses. Let's consider which of the heating device connection schemes are considered the most effective in an apartment and a private mansion.

Connecting the radiator battery

Factors to consider

At the heating system design stage, a thermal calculation of the house as a whole and each heated room separately is performed. This allows you to install a boiler of the required power and select for each room a heating device whose heat output is sufficient for high-quality heating even on frosty days. It doesn’t matter what material the radiator is made of - it can be steel, cast iron, aluminum or bimetallic.

However, the type of battery affects the ease of use of the heating system - cast iron radiators They take a long time to cool down and heat up, not allowing flexible regulation of the microclimate in the room. It is also worth paying attention to the presence steel radiators panel type with bottom connection - they are connected to the pipeline in the only possible way.

In order for the heating system to provide the house with heat, operating in optimal mode, without unnecessary fuel consumption, it is necessary to take into account:

• type of heating system;
• the location of the batteries (their heat transfer is affected by the installation location - protruding structures and decorative screens reduce the performance by 3–20%);
• length and specificity of the heating main.

Features of coolant circulation

The coolant in the heating system is water or antifreeze (the latter option is used in private homes with autonomous heating). It can move through the pipeline in two ways:

• under the influence of gravity and thermal expansion of the liquid, heated water rises through the accelerating pipe, and then moves down through pipes installed with a slope, displacing cooled water into the boiler;
• under the influence of a special pump that generates a fluid flow.

Natural circulation

When considering how to connect a heating radiator, you should take into account the type of coolant circulation, otherwise there is a risk that the batteries will not warm up well in a gravity system.

Single-pipe wiring

With single-pipe wiring, heating devices are connected to the system in series, as a result, the hot coolant passes through all the batteries in turn, after which it enters the return line, through which it is transported to the boiler.

This option is usually used in apartment buildings as the most economical during installation. Moreover, there are two main connection methods:

• through each heated room of the apartment there is a riser to which a heating device is connected;
• supply and return risers are installed in each apartment, and connected in series to them heating devices all premises.

Single pipe system

In private houses, the radiator output is also connected to the input of the next heating device, and the output of the latter is connected to return pipe. The disadvantage of series wiring is:

• Insufficient heating of the last batteries furthest from the boiler. To ensure sufficient heating of the room, it will be necessary to install heating devices with higher heat transfer due to an increased number of sections or the size of the panels.
• Lack of ability to regulate thermal power radiators to create an optimal microclimate for each room separately.

Two-pipe wiring

The two-pipe wiring option involves connecting the battery input to the supply pipe, and the output to the return pipe. Parallel connection:

• Ensures uniform heating of heating devices regardless of their distance from the boiler.
• Makes it possible to change the heat output of each radiator individually using a thermostat, including in automatic mode.

The disadvantages of a two-pipe system include high material consumption - the length of the pipeline actually doubles. But the financial costs of installation are compensated by the simple balancing of the system, ease of operation and fuel savings when using thermostats.

Two-pipe system

A two-pipe connection is mainly used in private houses, but can also be found in apartment buildings.

Battery connection principles

You will have to decide how to properly connect the heating radiator in the apartment if it has supply and return risers, and the principle of connecting the radiators will have to be chosen by the residents themselves. IN multi-storey buildings Soviet-built and in many modern buildings a single-pipe system with a riser in each room is used - in such a situation there is no choice, the battery must be installed according to the standard design.

The connection diagram for heating radiators in a private house is selected in accordance with the preferences of the owners or the decision of the developer, the type of wiring of the heating system. To understand the advantages and disadvantages of each battery connection scheme, you need to understand how the radiator works.

The design of the radiators is similar, despite the differences in material and appearance. Two parallel collectors (upper and lower), located horizontally, are connected by channels that serve as vertical jumpers. The heated liquid moves through the channels, giving off thermal energy metal body.

How are batteries connected in an apartment building?

Heating devices designed for side mounting are equipped with threaded pipes at the ends of the collectors. Two pipes are used to connect the battery to the pipeline; plugs are installed on the remaining two. Instead of one of the top plugs, a manual air vent is usually installed.

A number of manufacturers offer steel panel radiators, which are convenient to connect to a pipeline hidden under the floor or baseboard. Such heating devices are equipped with two pipes with external thread, located at the bottom of the body.

The connection diagram for heating radiators in a two-pipe and one-pipe system is selected taking into account the heating efficiency of the battery housing when the coolant moves through its internal channels.

Lateral connection (one-sided)

Single side connection with top feed. This option is used in apartment buildings, where one radiator is connected to the risers on each floor. The outlet pipe (lower) is also connected to the supply riser (one-pipe system) or to the return riser (two-pipe system).

Side connection

The advantages include compactness. This type of connection has proven itself well for heating devices of short length - up to 10 sections. If installing an extended battery, you must use special pipe(flow extender), which is inserted inside the upper collector and supplies heated coolant to the distant sections, otherwise they will not warm up and the heating device will not be able to operate at full power.

One way side connection with bottom feed. Used in single-pipe systems with coolant supply through the riser from bottom to top. The heated liquid tends to pass through the channels closest to the pipes, so the far part of the battery does not warm up enough - the loss of radiator power can exceed 20%. In order for the battery to operate in optimal mode, a flow extender is mounted inside the lower collector, which facilitates the supply of heated liquid to distant channels.

Diagonal connection (cross)

Diagonal connection with top feed. This option is the most effective; it is this connection diagram that is taken as the basis when calculating the thermal power of batteries with side connections. The supply pipe is connected to the upper pipe, and the outlet pipe is connected to the lower pipe on the opposite side. The coolant enters the upper manifold and into all jumper channels, uniformly heating the body of the heating device over the entire area.

Diagonal connection

Diagonal connection with bottom feed. If you connect the supply pipe to the radiator using the lower pipe so that the coolant passes through the heating device diagonally from bottom to top, its power will decrease by approximately 20% relative to optimal option connections. The coolant rises through the channels closest to the inlet and through the collector enters a pipe connected to the upper pipe. As a result, the lower corner of the battery does not warm up. This option is not recommended due to its extremely low efficiency.

Bottom connection, saddle

Popular in private homes hidden installation pipelines - communications are located in the floor or behind the baseboard. Accordingly, the heating batteries are connected from below.

Bottom connection. This term is used to refer to panel steel radiators, which are equipped with pipes located closely together for connection to the pipeline.

Bottom, saddle connection

Saddle connection. This option for connecting the radiator involves the use of the lower pipes of the standard model with a side connection. The advantages include aesthetics - the pipes do not remain visible. The disadvantage is a loss of thermal power of 10–15% due to the fact that the main part of the coolant moves directly through the lower collector, and only part of the heated liquid rises upward through the channels, heating the radiator body.

The intensity of movement of the heated liquid in the absence of a pump is not enough to warm up the radiator, therefore the installation of heating devices with a bottom or saddle connection is allowed only in systems with forced circulation.

Conclusion

Most correct option connecting a heating device in a private house - diagonal with top supply. If you correctly select the speed of movement of the coolant in a system with a circulation pump, you can minimize heat loss with the lower connection method. Other types of battery connections in autonomous heating systems are not used as often, since their efficiency is noticeably lower. In apartment buildings, lateral connections are practiced.

Summer is a traditional season not only for vacations, but also for installing heating systems. In our latitudes, reliable heat supply is the first issue when building and renovating a house. It is solved in the following order:

• choice of heating system;
• determination of battery installation locations;
• choosing a heating radiator connection diagram;
• selection of class, type and model of devices.

There are two ways to install water heating: one-pipe and two-pipe. Let's take a closer look at them.

Model one

In a single-pipe heating system, the coolant heated in the boiler rises upward and, displacing the column cold water, arrives one by one to all heating devices. And then lowers, entering the boiler for subsequent heating. The method is economical and is often used for heating multi-storey buildings.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of this scheme are ease of installation and low pipe consumption. However, there are significant disadvantages:

• when several radiators are connected in series, the difference in temperature between the first and last will be significant;
• The heat supply is not regulated. Heat dissipation single pipe system determined by the design norm laid down in the project;
• Only bottom connection of batteries is possible.

Methods for overcoming shortcomings

There are a number of techniques to compensate for the disadvantages of a single-pipe system:

• each subsequent unit must consist of more sections than the previous one;
• you can increase the number of batteries in the room;
• be the first to connect the rooms with the greatest heat losses;
• install valves when connecting radiators diagonally;
• equip the system with a circulation pump.

Model two

With a two-pipe system, supply hot water carried out through one pipe, and discharged cooled through another. In this type of circuit, heating devices are connected in parallel.

pros

The advantages of this connection scheme are the following factors:

• all heating devices heat up equally;
• It is possible to install valves in front of the radiators to regulate the amount of coolant supplied.

There are only two disadvantages of the system: a larger number of pipes are required for the installation of risers and supply lines, and, accordingly, the labor costs for installing the system are higher.

Arrangement

The exact number of radiator sections is determined during thermal engineering calculations. A correctly performed calculation will make up for heat loss and increase energy efficiency. The main data for calculation is the heat loss value for each individual room and the heat transfer power of the battery section.

Let's consider the calculation of sections using the example of Condor radiators

The total heat output of the batteries must compensate for the heat loss. Also during the calculation, the required pipe cross-section for each section of the system is determined. There are standard options for placing heating devices.

Placement principles

It will be correct to place extra batteries V corner rooms and on the extreme floors: heat loss in these rooms is much higher than in the middle of the building. This is due to the presence of surfaces in contact with the external environment: cold walls of corner rooms, floors and ceilings of the outermost floors.

The traditional location of radiators is under windows, the main sources of heat loss. This allows you to create protection (screen) from cold air.

The heat lost through the light openings as a result of air exchange is immediately replenished, thereby preventing drafts and significant temperature changes.

Options

The types of heating system do not affect the location of the batteries: they are installed according to building regulations. The main thing is to ensure effective air circulation around the battery. This will allow more heat to be transferred from the coolant to the room.

Parameters for the location of radiators in a niche, ensuring normal air circulation:

• 10 cm from the bottom of the window sill;
• 12 cm from floor level;
• 5 cm – gap between the unit and the wall or thermal insulation layer.

Circulation

The coolant of the heating system - water - can circulate naturally or by force. Natural circulation occurs due to displacement by the column warm water cold coolant - this happens according to the laws of physics.

Natural circulation

This correct solution where there are frequent power outages, as it is energy independent. Branch length natural system circulation is limited. To operate a forced heating system, it is necessary to install a pump near the heating boiler or to have a pump in its structure itself.

Techniques for forced circulation

The connection of heating radiators depends on the length of the heating main and the characteristics of its passage. If there is a circulation pump, the following schemes can be used:

• one-sided;
• sitting;
• diagonal;
• lower

First type

Lateral or one-way connection assumes that the inlet pipe (supply) and outlet pipe (return) are mounted on one side of the radiator (to one section). Lateral connection is effective when the number of sections is no more than 15. The disadvantage is poor circulation in the distant sections, as well as rapid clogging, which will further aggravate the situation.

Diagonally

Diagonal connection of heating radiators can provide heat to radiators with a large number of sections. Feed is carried out from above, removal is carried out from below diagonally. This scheme ensures uniform distribution of coolant inside the radiator and maximum heat transfer. A plug is installed in the lower pipe of the section into which water is supplied, and a Mayevsky tap is installed diagonally.

Heat loss with diagonal connection does not exceed 2%. When indicating battery power, this type of connection is meant. The only drawback diagonal connection – appearance: The pipes come from both sides and are difficult to hide.

Sedentnoe

Side connection of heating radiators is carried out in cases where the heating pipeline is hidden under the floor. The supply and return pipes are connected with different sides to the lower branch pipes of the sections. The disadvantage of this option is the uneven distribution of the coolant, and, as a result, low heat transfer.

Despite significant heat losses - 10-15% - this connection is used quite often due to the ability to hide almost all pipes. The lower connection is similar to the seat connection, but the supply and return pipes are located side by side in the lower part of the radiator. The efficiency of this scheme is even lower than the previous one.

Application

All of the above schemes can be applied in a private home. If desired, you can use two heating sources: a boiler built into the stove and a gas or electric boiler, which is connected in parallel.

Installation

Let's consider the correctly executed sequence of installation of a single-pipe heating system in a private house:

• installation of a heating boiler;
• finishing the walls where the battery is installed, thermal insulation if necessary;
• installation of radiators on walls;
• determination of places for attaching pipes and tapping branches;
• filling the system with water and performing a test run.

The connection of heating radiators can be flow-through and with closing sections. The first method is simpler, requires less materials and labor, and is used for small systems. The second method allows you to regulate the coolant supply for each individual radiator, but requires the installation of additional bypass sections - bypasses. Additional shut-off valves are also required here.