Unesco in Africa. West and Central Africa

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Monuments of the World Natural and cultural heritage. Africa. Completed by: 7b grade students of MBOU Secondary School No. 3 Baimuratova Karina, Kiriy Vera.

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World Heritage is outstanding cultural and natural values that constitute the heritage of all humanity. In November 1972, the UNESCO General Conference adopted the “Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage” (entered into force in 1975, when the number of States Parties reached 21). The purpose of the Convention is to attract the forces of the world community to preserve unique cultural and natural objects. Soviet Union ratified the Convention on March 9, 1988. As of July 2014, the Convention has been ratified by 191 participating countries, including Russia. Project work“Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa".

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". As of April 2017, the number of World Heritage sites included in the list is 1052, including: 814 cultural, 203 natural and 35 mixed. The sites are located on the territory of 165 participating countries that have signed the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa include 135 World Heritage Sites located in 40 countries.

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". .

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Algeria includes 7 items, including: 6 sites included in the list according to cultural criteria, 1 site - according to mixed ones. Cultural sites (6): Al-Qala Fortress in Beni Hammad (1980) Mzab Valley (1982) Ancient city Jemilah (1982) Ancient City of Timgad (1982) Ancient City of Tipasa (1982) Kasbah ( old part) city of Algiers (1992) Mixed objects (1): Tassilien-Ajjer Plateau (1982) Algeria

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Benin includes 1 name - the royal palaces of Abomey (1985). The object is included in the list based on natural criteria. Benin

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Botswana includes 2 names, including 1 site included in the list according to cultural criteria and 1 site - according to natural criteria. Cultural sites (1): Tsodilo rock art (2001) Natural sites (1): Okavongo Valley (2014) Botswana

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". Burkina Faso There is 1 item included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Burkina Faso. The property is included in the list based on cultural criteria. Ruins of Loropeni (2009).

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". 1 name is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Gabon. The property is included in the list based on mixed criteria. Ecosystem and relict cultural landscape of Lope-Okanda (2007). Gabon

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The Gambia has 2 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Both sites are included in the list based on cultural criteria. James Island and Related Attractions (2003). Rings of megalith stones in Senegambia (2006). Gambia

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". There are 2 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ghana. Both sites are included in the list based on cultural criteria. Forts and castles of Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western regions(1979). Traditional buildings of the Ashanti people (1980). Ghana

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". 1 name is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Guinea. The site is listed on natural grounds but is listed as a World Heritage Site in Danger. Mount Nimba Nature Reserve (1981, 1982). Guinea

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". Included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Democratic Republic Congo included 5 items. All sites are listed according to natural criteria, but all are also included in the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger. National Park Virunga (1979) Kahuzi-Biega National Park (1980) Garamba National Park (1980) Salonga National Park (1984) Okapi Nature Reserve (1996) DR Congo

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Egypt includes 7 items, including: 6 sites included in the list according to cultural criteria (one of them, the monuments at Abu Mena, is included in the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger) and 1 - according to natural. Cultural sites (6): Early Christian monuments at Abu Mena (1979) Ancient Thebes with its necropolises (1979) Islamic Cairo (1979) Memphis and its necropolises - the pyramid area from Giza to Dahshur (1979) Monuments of Nubia from Abu Simbel to Philae (1979) St. Catherine's Monastery and surrounding area (2002) Natural features (1): Wadi al-Hitan ("Valley of the Whale") - fossil site (2005) Egypt

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". There is 1 item included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Zambia. The object is included in the list based on natural criteria. Mosi-oa-Tunya/Victoria Falls (1989) Zambia

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Zimbabwe includes 5 items, including: 3 sites included in the list according to cultural criteria and 2 - according to natural ones. Cultural sites (3): Great Zimbabwe National Monument (1986) Khami Ruins National Monument (1986) Matobo Hills (2003) Natural sites (2): Mana Pools National Park, Sapi and Chewore Game Reserves (1984) Mosi-oa-Tunya /Victoria Falls (1989) Zimbabwe

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Cape Verde includes 1 site according to cultural criteria. Cidade Velha, historical center in Ribeira Grande (2009). Cape Verbe

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". There are 2 names included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Cameroon. Both objects are included in the list based on natural criteria. Jha Faunal Reserve (1987). Sangha International Reserve (2012). Cameroon

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Kenya includes 6 items, including: 3 sites included in the list according to cultural criteria, 3 sites - according to natural ones. Cultural sites (3): Lamu Old Town (2001) Mijikenda Kaya Forests (2008) Fort Jesus, Mombasa (2011) Natural sites (3): Mount Kenya National Park and Reserve (1997, 2013) Lake Turkana National Parks ( 1997, 2001) Lake system in the Great Rift Valley (2011) Kenya

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Cote d'Ivoire includes 4 items, including: 1 site is included in the list according to cultural criteria, 3 - according to natural ones (two of them - Mount Nimba Nature Reserve and Comoe National Park are included in the list World Heritage Sites in Danger Cultural sites (1): Grand Bassam Historic City (2012) Natural sites (3): Mount Nimba Nature Reserve (1981, 1982) Tai National Park (1982) Comoe National Park (1983) ) Ivory Coast

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". There is 1 item included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Lesotho. The property is included in the list based on mixed criteria. Drakensberg Park (2000, 2013) Lessoto

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Libya includes 5 items. All objects are included in the list according to cultural criteria. Archaeological sites of Cyrene (1982) Archaeological sites of Leptis Magna (1982) Archaeological sites of Sabratha (1982) Rock art in the Tadrart-Akakus mountains (1985) Old city of Ghadames (1986) Libya

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Mauritania includes 2 items, including: 1 object included in the list according to cultural criteria, 1 - according to natural ones. Cultural sites (1): Ksars (fortified dwellings) in Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichit and Oualat (1996) Natural sites (1): Banc d'Arguin National Park (1989) Mauritania

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Madagascar includes 3 items, including: 1 site is included in the list according to cultural criteria, 2 - according to natural ones (of which one, the Atsinanana Rainforests, is included in the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger). Cultural sites (1): Royal Hill of Ambohimanga (2001) Natural sites (2): Tsingy de Bemaraja Nature Reserve (1990) Atsinanana Rainforest (2007) Madagascar

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Malawi includes 2 names, including: 1 site included in the list according to cultural criteria, 1 - according to natural ones. Cultural sites (1): Chongoni rock art (2006) Natural sites (1): Lake Malawi National Park (1984) Malawi

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Mali includes 4 names, including: 3 sites are included in the list according to cultural criteria (of which two - the Historic City of Timbuktu and the Tomb of Emperor Askia Mohamed are included in the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger), 1 - mixed. Cultural sites (3): Historic city of Timbuktu (1988) Old town Djenné (1988) Tomb of Emperor Askia-Mohamed (city of Gao) (2004) Mixed sites (1): Bandiagara Highlands (land of the Dogon) (1989) Mali

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Morocco includes 9 items. All sites are included in the list according to cultural criteria: Medina (old part) of the city of Fez (1981) Medina (old part) of the city of Marrakesh (1985) Ksars (fortified dwellings) at Ait Benhaddou (1987) Historic city of Meknes (1996) Archaeological monuments of Volubilis (1997) Medina (old part) of the city of Tetouan (1997) Medina (old part) of the city of Essaouira (formerly Mogador) (2001) Portuguese fortress of Mazargan, city of El Jadida (2004) Rabat - modern capital and historical city ( 2012) Morocco

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". 1 name is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Mozambique. The property is included in the list based on cultural criteria. Mozambique Island City (1991) Mozambique

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Namibia includes 2 items, including: 1 site included in the list according to cultural criteria, 1 - according to natural ones. Cultural sites (2): Twyfelfontein Valley (2007) Natural sites (1): Namib Sand Sea (2013) Namibia

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Niger includes 3 items, including: 1 site is included in the list according to cultural criteria, 2 - according to natural ones (of which one site - Air and Tenere Natural Reserves, is included in the list of World Heritage Sites under threat). Niger

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". There are 2 names included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Nigeria. Both sites are included in the list based on cultural criteria. Sukur Cultural Landscape (1999) Sacred Grove of Osun-Osogbo (2005) Nigeria

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". 1 name is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Congo. The object is included in the list based on natural criteria. Sangha International Reserve (2012) Congo

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". There are 2 names included in the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites in the Seychelles. Both objects are included in the list based on natural criteria. Aldabra Atoll (1982) Vallee de Mai Nature Reserve (1983) Seychelles

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Senegal includes 7 items, including: 5 sites included in the list according to cultural criteria, 2 - according to natural ones (of which one site - Niokolo-Koba National Park, is included in the list of World Heritage Sites under threat). Cultural sites (5): Gorée Island (1978) Saint-Louis Island City (2000, 2007) Senegambia Megalith Stone Rings (2006) Saloum River Delta (2011) Bassari Lands: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Cultural Landscapes (2012) Natural sites (2): Niokolo-Koba National Park (1981) Djoudj Ornithological Reserve (1981) Senegal

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Project work “Monuments of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage. Africa". The UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites in Sudan includes 2 items. Both sites are included in the list based on cultural criteria. The sacred rock of Gebel Barkal and archaeological sites in the Napatan region (2003) Archaeological sites of the island of Meroe (2011) Sudan

105. World Heritage Sites in Africa

Africa had 115 World Heritage sites in 2008, or 12.8% of the world's total. According to this indicator, it was inferior not only to foreign Europe and foreign Asia, but also Latin America, however, in terms of the number of countries in which they are identified (33), it ranks second. In terms of the number of World Heritage sites on the continent, Tunisia and Morocco (8 each), Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia and South Africa (7 each), and Tanzania (6) stand out.

Africa is also dominated by objects cultural heritage, of which there are 75. It is most expedient to distribute them into the following four eras: 1) the most ancient, 2) Ancient Egypt, 3) antiquity in North Africa and 4) the Middle Ages and modern times.

Ancient era is represented here by four archaeological sites located on the territory of Ethiopia and Libya.

Heritage civilizations of ancient egypt on the UNESCO List is reflected in three world-famous historical and architectural monuments. Firstly, this is the area of the city of Memphis, which was the capital of the country during the era of the Old Kingdom, with the necropolises surrounding it. Its core is the three “Great Pyramids” on the Cairo outskirts of Giza. Secondly, these are the remains of the second capital of Egypt - the city of Thebes, which was the capital during the eras of the Middle and New Kingdoms. This complex includes the temples of Karnak and Luxor and the Valley of the Kings, where the pharaohs were buried. Thirdly, these are the monuments of Nubia from Abu Simbel to Philae, dating back to the era of the New Kingdom. Most of them had to be moved to another location during the construction of the Aswan High Dam. Actually, this is where the compilation of the List of World Heritage Sites began.

Ancient Heritage of North Africa represented by objects located in all countries of this subregion. They can be divided into Phoenician (Carthage and Kerkuan in Tunisia), ancient Greek (Cyrene in Libya) and ancient Roman, which include the ruins of cities in Algeria (Tipasa, Timgad, Dzhemila), in Tunisia (Dugga), in Libya (Sabratha, Leptis- Magna), in Morocco (Volubilis).

Cultural heritage sites Middle Ages And new times most numerous. Among them, one can highlight objects of Arab-Muslim culture in North Africa (Fig. 165). The most famous are the numerous Muslim monuments of Cairo in Egypt, Tunis and Kairouan in Tunisia, Algeria and the oasis of Mzab (Ghardaya) in Algeria, Marrakesh and Fez in Morocco. Another group is formed by the Christian monuments of Ethiopia - Axum, Gondar, Lalibela. And in sub-Saharan Africa, two more groups of objects stand out. One of them relates to West Africa and reflects the cultural heritage of the medieval civilizations of this part of the continent (for example, Timbuktu and Djenné in Mali) or the legacy of the colonial era with its slave trade (More Island in Senegal, Elmina in Ghana). Another group of objects belongs to Southeast Africa (Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Mozambique). The most famous of them is Great Zimbabwe.

Rice. 165. Objects of Arab-Muslim culture in North Africa

Objects natural heritage in Africa 36. These are mainly national parks and reserves, including such famous ones as the Serengeti, Ngoro-Ngoro and Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Rwenzori in Uganda, Mount Kenya in Kenya, Virunga, Garamba and Okapi in the DR Congo, Nikolo-Koba in Senegal, Drakensberg Mountains in South Africa.

There are also facilities in Algeria, Mali and South Africa cultural and natural heritage. The most famous of them is the Algerian Tassilien-Ajjer with rock paintings of the ancient inhabitants of the Sahara.

Africa had 115 World Heritage sites in 2008, or 12.8% of the world's total. In terms of this indicator, it was inferior not only to foreign Europe and foreign Asia, but also to Latin America, but in terms of the number of countries in which they are identified (33), it ranks second. In terms of the number of World Heritage sites on the continent, Tunisia and Morocco (8 each), Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia and South Africa (7 each), and Tanzania (6) stand out.

Africa is also dominated by objects cultural heritage, of which there are 75. It is most expedient to distribute them into the following four eras: 1) ancient, 2) Ancient Egypt, 3) antiquity in North Africa and 4) the Middle Ages and modern times.

Ancient era is represented here by four archaeological sites located on the territory of Ethiopia and Libya.

Rice. 165. Objects of Arab-Muslim culture in North Africa

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Africa is considered by some to be the ancestral home of all humanity. This continent is full of mysteries and secrets; its history is literally filled with legends. Natural and architectural monuments of Africa Every year they attract hundreds of thousands of tourists who want to plunge into the world of the unknown ancient world.

Pyramids and tombs - Africa's greatest monuments

Africa is the second largest continent by area. Its banks from different sides washed by the waters of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The continent has many cultural and historical attractions of world significance. It is worth noting that for the most part monuments of Africa are under the protection of UNESCO. Crowds of vacationers visit the famous pyramids in Giza, Ancient Axum or Abu Simbel every day, look at the unique rock art of Tassilien Ajjer, go to Great Zimbabwe, etc.

The Three Great Pyramids are the most remarkable historical landmark located in Egypt, in Giza. The largest pyramid is the Pyramid of Cheops, built in the 26th century BC. Its height reaches almost 139 meters, and the length of each side is 230 meters. The pyramid has been preserved practically untouched to this day, and even a hole in the wall, which was made by treasure hunters in the 9th century, serves as an entrance for tourists. The second largest pyramid is the pyramid of Cheops' son Khafre. It is only a few meters lower than the Cheops pyramid and is less popular among tourists. And the third one was built in the 26-25th century BC. The attraction is the Pyramid of Mykerinus, 66 meters high and each side 108.4 m long.

Describing the Greatest monuments of Africa, it is impossible not to mention the mysterious and legendary tomb of Tutankhamun. It was discovered only in 1922. All the treasures buried with the pharaoh are now on display in the Cairo Museum.

The largest monolithic statue is the Sphinx

Almost everything monuments of Africa carry behind them an interesting legend that takes tourists out of reality and immerses them in the mysterious world of the “dark” continent. One of such monuments can rightly be called the monument to the Great Sphinx. Scientists still cannot name the exact date of its creation. According to some sources, the statue was erected in honor of Pharaoh Khafre, and the facial features of the stone lion were taken from him. But according to other sources, the monumental sculpture was built long before the reign of the pharaohs. And that’s not all, read our portal about tourism and travel – Set-Travel, and you will learn a lot of new things.

In 2002, there were 94 objects, or 12.8% of the total number in the world. In terms of the number of World Heritage sites on the continent, Tunisia (7), Algeria, Morocco, Egypt and Tanzania (6 each), Libya and the Democratic Republic of Congo (5 each) stand out.

Cultural heritage sites in Africa 57.

It is advisable to distribute them into four eras

Ancient era

Represented by four archaeological sites located in Ethiopia and Libya

Civilizations of Ancient Egypt

Three world-famous historical and architectural monuments are reflected in the UNESCO List

1. The area of the city of Memphis, which was the capital of the country during the era of the Old Kingdom, with the surrounding necropolises. Its core is the three “Great Pyramids” on the outskirts of Cairo, Giza.

2. The remains of the second capital of Egypt - the city of Thebes, which was the capital during the Middle and New Kingdoms. This complex includes the temples of Karnak and Luxor and the Valley of the Kings, where the pharaohs were buried

3. Monuments of Nubia from Abu Simbel to Philae, dating back to the era of the New Kingdom. Most of them had to be moved to another location during the construction of the Aswan Dam. This is actually where the compilation of the List of World Heritage Sites began.

Ancient Heritage of North Africa

Represented by objects located in all countries of this subregion. They can be divided into

Phoenician (Carthage and Kerkuan in Tunisia)

Ancient Greek (Cyrene in Libya)

Ancient Roman (ruins of cities in Algeria (Tipasa, Timgad, Dzhemila),

in Tunisia (Duga),

in Libya (Sabratha, Leptis Magna),

to Morocco (Volubilis)

The era of the Middle Ages and modern times

The cultural heritage sites of this era are the most numerous. Among them are objects

1) - Arab-Muslim culture in North Africa

The most famous are the numerous Muslim monuments

Cairo in Egypt,

Tunisia and Kairouan in Tunisia,

Algiers and the oasis of Mzab (Ghardaya) in Algeria,

Marrakech and Fes in Morocco

2) – Christian monuments of Ethiopia – Axum, Gonder, Lalibela

In sub-Saharan Africa, two more groups of objects are distinguished:

1) One of them refers to West Africa and reflects

Cultural heritage of medieval civilizations of this part

continent (Tombuktu and Djenné in Mali),

Or the legacy of the colonial era with its slave trade (O. Gore in

Senegal, Elmina in Ghana)

2) Another group of objects belongs to Southeast Africa (Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Mozambique). The most famous of them is Great Zimbabwe.

Objects natural heritage in Africa 34.

These are mainly national parks and reserves. The most famous -

Serengeti, Ngoro Ngoro and Kilimanjaro in Tanzania

Rwenzori in Uganda

Mount Kenya in Kenya

Virunga, Garamba and Okapi in DR Congo

Nikono-Koba in Senegal

Drakensberg Mountains in South Africa.

Objects cultural and natural heritage available in Algeria,

The most famous of them is the Algerian Tassilien-Ajjer with

rock paintings of the ancient inhabitants of the Sahara

Pyramids and tombs - Africa's greatest monuments

The largest monolithic statue is the Sphinx

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