The steam engine was surpassed by the Chinese Army's gunpowder tubes and then by liquid fuel rockets invented by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and developed by Robert Goddard. This article describes five ways to build a rocket at home, from simple to more complex; at the end you can find an additional section explaining basic principles building rockets.

Steps

Balloon rocket

Tie one end of the fishing line or thread to the support. The support can be the back of a chair or a door handle.

Pass the thread through a plastic drinking straw. The thread and tube will serve as a navigation system with which you can control the trajectory of your rocket from balloon.

• Model rocket kits use a similar technology, where a tube of similar length is attached to the rocket body. This tube is threaded through a metal tube on the launch platform to keep the rocket upright until launch.

1. Tie the other end of the thread to another warp. Be sure to pull the thread taut before doing this.

   Inflate the balloon. Pinch the tip of the balloon to prevent air from escaping. You can use your fingers, a paper clip, or a clothespin.

   Glue the ball to the tube with tape.

   Release the air from the balloon. Your rocket will fly along a set trajectory, from one end of the thread to the other.

   • You can make this rocket with either long or round balloons, and also experiment with the length of the straw. You can also change the angle at which the rocket's flight path takes place to see how it affects the distance your rocket will travel.
   • You can make a jet boat in a similar way: Cut a milk carton lengthwise. Cut a hole in the bottom and thread the ball through it. Inflate the balloon, then place the boat in a bath of water and release the air from the balloon.

2. Wrap the rectangle tightly around a pencil or dowel. Start rolling the strip of paper from the end of the pencil, not from the center. Part of the strip should hang over the pencil lead or the end of the dowel.

   • Use a pencil or dowel slightly thicker than the drinking straw, but not much thicker.

3. Tape the edge of the paper to prevent it from unraveling. Tape the paper along the entire length of the pencil.

   Fold the overhanging edge into a cone. Secure with tape.

   Remove the pencil or dowel.

   Check the rocket for holes. Gently blow into the open end of the rocket. Listen for any sound that indicates air is escaping from the sides or end of the rocket and gently feel the rocket to feel the air escaping. Seal any holes in the rocket and test the rocket again until you have repaired all the holes.

   Add tail fins to the open end of the paper rocket. Since this rocket is quite narrow, it will be easier to cut and glue two pairs of adjacent fins than three or four separate small fins.

   Place the tube in the open part of the rocket. Make sure the tube sticks out enough from the rocket so that you can pinch the end with your fingers.

   Blow sharply into the tube. Your rocket will fly high with the force of your breath.

   • Always point the tube and rocket upward and not at anyone when you fire the rocket.
   • Build several different rockets to see how different changes affect its flight. Also try launching your rockets with different strengths of your breath to see how the strength of your breath affects the distance your rocket travels.
   • The toy, which looked like a paper rocket, consisted of a plastic cone on one end and a plastic parachute on the other. The parachute was attached to a stick, which was then inserted into a cardboard tube. When they blew into the tube, the plastic cone caught the air and flew up. Having reached the maximum height, the stick fell away, after which the parachute opened.

Film can rocket

1. Decide how long/height you want to build your rocket. The recommended length is 15 cm, but you can make it longer or shorter.

   Get a can of film. It will serve as the combustion chamber for your rocket. You can find such a jar in photo stores that still work with film.

   • Find a jar that snaps on the inside rather than the outside.
   • If you can't find a film bottle, you can use an old plastic medicine bottle with a snap-on lid. If you can't find a jar with a snap-on lid, you can find a stopper that fits tightly into the mouth of the jar.

2. Build a rocket. The easiest way to make a rocket body is to use the same method as for a paper rocket launched through a tube: simply wrap a piece of paper around a film can. Since this jar will serve as the launcher for your rocket, you'll want to tape some paper to it to keep it from flying off.

   Decide where you want to launch your rocket. It is recommended to launch this type of rocket in an open space or on the street, as the rocket can fly quite high.

   Fill the jar 1/3 full with water. If there is no water source near your launch pad, you can fill the rocket somewhere else and carry it upside down to the pad, or bring water to the platform and fill the rocket there.

   Break an effervescent tablet in half and place one half in water.

   Close the jar and turn the rocket upside down.

   Move to a safe distance. When the tablet dissolves in water, it will release carbon dioxide. Pressure will build up inside the jar and rip the lid off, launching your rocket skyward.

Match rocket

Cut a small triangle of aluminum foil. It should be an isosceles triangle with a base of 2.5 cm and a median of 5 cm.

Take a match from the matchbox.

Attach the match to a straight pin so that the sharp tip of the pin reaches the head of the match, but is not longer than it.

Wrap the aluminum triangle around the match and pin heads, starting at the very top. Wrap the foil as tightly as possible around the match without knocking the needle out of position. When you have completed this process, the wrapper should extend approximately 6.25mm below the match head.

Remember the foil with your nails. This will push the foil closer to the match head and better mark the channel formed by the pin under the foil.

Carefully pull out the needle so as not to tear the foil.

Make a launch pad out of a paper clip.

• Bend the outer fold of the paperclip at a 60-degree angle. This will be the basis of the launch platform.
• Fold the inside fold of the paperclip up and slightly to the side to create an open triangle. You will attach the foil-wrapped match head to it.

1. Place the launch pad on the rocket launch site. Again, find open place outdoors, as this rocket can fly quite long distance. Avoid dry areas as the match rocket may start a fire.

   • Make sure there are no people or animals near your spaceport before you launch your rocket.

2. Place the match rocket on the launch pad with the head facing up. The rocket must be positioned at a minimum of 60 degrees from the base of the launch pad and the ground. If it's a little lower, bend the paperclip further until you get the angle you want.

   Launch the rocket. Light a match and place the flame just below the wrapped match rocket head. When the phosphorus in the rocket is ignited, the rocket will take off.

   • Keep a bucket of water nearby to extinguish used matches to ensure they are completely extinguished.
   • If a rocket unexpectedly hits you, freeze, fall to the ground and roll around until you knock the fire off of you.

Water rocket

1. Prepare one empty two-liter bottle to serve as the pressure chamber for your rocket. Since the construction of this rocket uses plastic bottle, it is sometimes called a bottle rocket. They should not be confused with a type of firecracker that is also known as bottle rockets because they are often launched from inside a bottle. This form of bottle rocket is banned in many places; water rocket is not prohibited.

   Make fins. Since the plastic rocket body is quite strong, especially after being reinforced with tape, you will need equally strong fins. Hard cardboard may work for this, but it will only last a few starts. It is best to use plastic similar to what plastic file folders are made from.

   • The first step is to come up with a design for your fins and create a paper stencil to cut out the plastic fins. Whatever your fins are, remember that you'll need to fold each one in half later for strength. They should also reach the point where the bottle begins to narrow.
   • Cut out the stencil and use it to cut out three or four identical fins from plastic or cardboard.
   • Bend the fins in half and attach them to the body of the rocket with strong tape.
   • Depending on the design of your rocket, you may need to make the fins longer than the bottle neck/rocket nozzle.

2. Create the nose cone and payload bay. For this you will need a second two-liter bottle.

   • Cut out the bottom of an empty bottle.
   • Place the payload in top part cut bottle. The load can be anything, from a lump of plasticine to a ball of elastic bands. Place the cut bottom part inside the bottle with the bottom facing towards the neck. Secure the structure with tape, and then glue this bottle to the bottom of the bottle, which acts as a pressure chamber.
   • The nose of a rocket can be made from anything, from a plastic bottle cap to a polyvinyl tube or a plastic cone. Once you've decided on the nose you want for your rocket and assembled it, attach it to the top of the rocket.

3. Test your rocket's balance. Place the rocket on your index finger. The balance point should be just above the pressure chamber (at the bottom of the first bottle). If the balance point is off, remove the positive weight section and change the weight of the weight.

4. Choose a spaceport for your rocket. As with the rockets above, you should only launch the water rocket outdoors. Since this rocket is larger and stronger than other rockets, you will need a larger open space to launch. The spaceport should also be located on a flatter surface. Air has mass, and the denser that mass (especially near the Earth's surface), the more it holds back objects that try to move through the air. Rockets need to be streamlined (have an elongated, elliptical shape) to minimize the friction they must overcome as they fly through the air, so most missiles have a pointed nose cone.

   3. Balance the rocket at its center of mass. Total weight The rocket must be balanced around a specific point inside the rocket to ensure it will fly straight and not tumble. This point can be called the balance point, center of mass or center of gravity.

   • The center of mass is different in every rocket. Generally, the balance point will be just above the fuel or pressure chamber.
   • While a payload helps raise the rocket's center of mass above its pressure chamber, a payload that is too heavy will make the rocket too top-heavy, leading to difficulty keeping the rocket upright before launch and guiding the rocket during it. For this reason integrated circuits were included in computers spacecraft to reduce their weight. (This led to the use of similar integrated circuits (or chips) in calculators, electronic watches, personal computers, and in Lately also on tablets and smartphones.)

   4. Stabilize the rocket using the tail fins. The fins allow the rocket to fly straight by providing air resistance against changes in direction. Some fins are made to be longer than the rocket nozzle, helping to keep the rocket upright before launch.

   • Always wear safety glasses when launching any free-flying rocket (except balloon rocket). For larger free-flying rockets, such as water rockets, it is also recommended to wear a crash helmet to protect your head if the rocket hits you.
   • Do not fire any of the free-flying missiles at another person.
   • The presence of adults is strongly recommended when operating any of the rockets propelled by anything other than human breathing.

The rocket, 2 meters 10 cm high and weighing 20 kg, can fly at a speed of 760 m/s and reach an altitude of 7 km. Since childhood, Anton wanted to engage in design related to space or aviation. A few years ago, he came across a forum of American home rocket building enthusiasts and decided that building something large and long-range was expensive and unnecessary - in the CIS there are only two groups of designers, in Ukraine and Bulgaria, that launch large 150-kilogram rockets in the mountains . Anton assembled a group of 4 people, found fan consultants in the States and Argentina, and launched the production process in his garage.

** - Who assembled the rocket in the garage?**

I am the founder and coordinator of our project, the second person is an electronics manufacturer from Pavlovsky Posad, and we also have one electronics engineer and a chemist programmer. No one is directly connected with space.

What is the process? What do you do, draw a drawing first?

No, everything happens creatively with us. We are not doing anything new: everything was invented before us. We took programs that allow us to assemble a rocket. We go to the metal depot for materials - sheets, epoxy resin- and we take him to our base in Solntsevo.

“You can’t be partisan. If you go out into the field with a rocket, it won’t seem like much.”

Since mid-2009, we have been assembling the rocket and have undergone more than 40 bench tests to understand the characteristics of the engine. They wanted to use an engine like ours on the American shuttle, when they had not yet decided to cancel it. It is safe, works on paraffin and a gas mixture. We abandoned oxygen in favor of a gas mixture, because oxygen is cryogenics: it requires completely different premises and a level of safety precautions. Actually assembling the rocket takes 2 weeks.

All space stories in Russia are closely connected with the military industry - did you have any problems with this?

You can't be partisan. If you go out into the field with a rocket, it won't seem like much. But in general this is wrong: the project is notable, we are the first in the country. So everything must be done according to the law. There are no documents regulating private space activities in Russia. The question arose of what to do: Roscosmos is responsible for space, so we wrote there. Moreover, it’s the year of astronautics: in honor of the flight, we want to launch a rocket. Two weeks later, the head of the legal department of Roscosmos called, had a fight, of course, said that we were crazy and we needed a license for space activities. And if you persist, he says, other authorities will take care of you.

We agreed to be dealt with, and the chief lawyer sent us a document, which was very helpful, because it recognized that our activities do not relate to space activities - a license is therefore not required.

“In the States and Canada, seven-meter monsters easily fly above 100 km, so there are organizations that certify engines”

The next stage: where to launch and how to launch?

To start, you need to block the sky. They called the head of the air traffic department, he said: “Guys, great, go to such and such a boss, he will organize everything for you.” That same evening, the boss patted me on the shoulder and really organized everything: go to the restricted zone to the training ground in the Moscow region. We arrived on the eve of the New Year, gave the go-ahead, setting a couple of conditions for insurance and technical expertise of the installation. That's all.

Did you let me in?

Launching soon. On December 25, our engine failed, 2 weeks ago all the errors were corrected, now there is still an exhibition of technical achievements, and at the end of April we will start up.

How does coordination work in other countries?

There are civil rocketry associations in the States and Canada. Since this is a hobby, they carry out this activity public control: There are fire regulations and laws governing the production of ammunition. But their seven-meter monsters easily fly above 100 km, so there are organizations that certify engines and produce technical regulations and also organize public events. This is right.

“We spent a little more than a million on the workshop and machines, and no more than 5 thousand rubles including gasoline on materials.”

We have already prepared the documents; we won’t get to the Ministry of Justice: we will register such an association here. There are two options: either we do it ourselves legal aspect, or the state does it for us - and we all know perfectly well how it regulates it.

Will this precedent increase interest in space?

Not by itself - we still need spare parts to build rockets, but we don’t sell them. We are slowly opening an online store for just this purpose. With sets. We don’t sell engines, otherwise we get hit by pyrotechnics.

Why launch a rocket at all? What's the point of it? Will she be able to go into orbit?

DOSAAF specialized laboratories assemble earth satellites weighing 100 kg. In a few years they will weigh 20 kg, which means that a rocket weighing 2 tons will be able to lift this satellite into orbit. The projected price of such a rocket is $100,000, the launch cost is $50,000.

This little one won’t be able to, she is needed to open a dialogue with the authorities. But if we succeed with a small one, then we will do a larger one: there the target is more than 100 km, different engines. The record is already 140 km. To enter orbit, you need to accelerate to 5 km/s; homemade rockets do not have enough energy. So she goes up, then comes back down with a parachute. This is what weather rockets do, collecting data and descending to the ground. Now military missiles are used for this purpose in Russia: they have produced so many of them, in Tula up to a million have been produced per year since the 60s.

These are regulations and a lot of money. And our rocket costs 4 thousand rubles. That is, we spent a little more than a million on the workshop and machines, and no more than 5 thousand rubles including gasoline on materials. The high-altitude one will cost 40,000 rubles, and it will already be able to perform meteorological functions.

Amateur telescopes can be launched into orbit. If you look at the stars from Earth, the atmosphere interferes. There are hundreds of thousands of people who are interested in astronomy. They will be able to view new galaxies from their own telescope in airless space, which will send fresh images of nebulae to the laptop.

What boy doesn't dream of launching a rocket? And if this toy is made with your own hands together with dad, then it will become the most wonderful gift and its launch will turn into a real holiday. A rocket made at home can fly just like a real one.

In order to make a rocket, you will need the following tools:

• small porcelain mortar and pestle;
• special containers that will contain fuel;
• drill and file;
• mallet.

To make a rocket body, you need the following materials:

• thick cotton threads;
• starch;
• elastic band, which is used for models;
• iron wire with a diameter of 4 mm (the wire should be smooth and straight);
• steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm;
• a small wooden stick 6 cm long and 3 mm in diameter;
• silk ribbon 7 cm wide;
• waterproof paint, preferably bright color;
• a small piece of soft wood;
• newspaper and glue;
• oil;
• three types of paper: writing, drawing and thin food paper.
• 2 sticks, one of which should have a diameter like the outer diameter of the sleeve, the other - like the inner one;
• foam and board;
• 12 gauge sleeve without primer (cardboard);
• a nail with a diameter similar to the hole drilled in the sleeve.

The last thing to prepare is the fuel. For this you will need:

• 28% charcoal;
• 10% sulfur;
• 62% potassium nitrate.

Having prepared all the ingredients, you can start making the rocket.

1. The first thing to do is prepare the fuel. Need to mix required quantity all ingredients. Next, the wick is prepared. To do this, you should mix sulfur with saltpeter in a ratio of 1:9.
2. Next, you need to drill the sleeve, or rather its metal part from the side where the capsule is attached.
3. The next step is to drive a nail into the board. This should be done in such a way that the nail protrudes 2 cm beyond the board. The end of the nail must be ground down so that the contours become smooth and conical. The sharp end should be blunted.
4. For the next step, remove all sawdust and place a sleeve on the nail. After this, pour the fuel mixture inside and compress it using a mallet.
5. Next, you should take baking paper and cut out a circle from it, slightly larger in diameter than the inside of the sleeve. This circle covers the fuel mixture, then a little fuel is poured in again and sealed with a circle of paper on top. Thus, a projectile is obtained for a parachute, or rather for releasing it.
6. Next, a stick of larger diameter is wrapped in newspaper and coated with glue. After this, the stick should be left for a while until it dries, after which a layer of newspaper is soaked in oil and the excess is wiped off.
7. A blank is prepared from drawing paper and wound onto a tube 2 turns thick, after which these turns are smeared with glue and dried on a stick. The newspaper is removed from the stick.
8. The rocket fairing is made of soft wood. The result should be a plug (7 cm), which ends in a cone. The bottom of the stopper is inserted into the paper tube from above.
9. The next step is to make 3 stabilizers from whatman paper. These are small triangles with petals for attaching to a rocket. The stabilizers are connected to the rocket using glue. Next, a ring is made from steel wire with a diameter of 0.5 cm. This ring should be secured to the fairing. The ring closes. This ring will secure the parachute.
10. The motor sleeve is tightly inserted into the lower part of the resulting rocket. The rocket can now be dried and painted with bright waterproof paint.
11. Next you should make a parachute from the tape. Its diameter will be 20 cm. To do this, one end of the tape needs to be attached to a stick. Next, a loop of thread is attached to both ends of the same stick. The diameter of the loop is 10 cm. A ten-centimeter piece of aviation rubber should be tied to the end of the tape, which is wrapped around a wire ring placed on the fairing.
12. Next you should do additional fastening for a ring made of regular thread. It is also necessary to tie a 10 cm thread to the fairing, or rather to its end, to which another piece of rubber and a five-centimeter thread are attached. This thread should be secured inside the rocket, 3 cm from the top of the tube.
13. The parachute tape needs to be wound into a roll and pressed with a stick to which it is attached. The roll should be pushed into the rocket and the fastening tape and thread should be placed on the fairing, which covers the rocket. This is how the rocket's parachute is folded.
14. To make a starting device, you need to cut an iron wire 120 cm long. You need to glue cylinders of whatman paper 1 cm long and the diameter of the wire onto the wire. The rings are secured to the longitudinal line of the rocket body using good glue. One of the rings should be secured where the stabilizer connects to the body, the other ring should be 0.5 cm from the fairing. The rocket should slide well along the wire. Next, you should wrap a restrictive ring around the rocket half a meter from one of the ends. Any wire can be used. The wire should not be further than the end of the rocket. This side of the wire will further be stuck into the ground.
15. The fuse can be taken from a firecracker. Next, a stopin is created from cotton thread folded 6 times. The resulting eight-centimeter piece should be moistened with a paste made from starch. After this, the thread is dipped in a mixture similar to fuel, only without coal, and dried well.
16. The last stage is connecting the engine to the housing. To do this, first a foam wad is inserted into it, and then the engine itself. The cord must be inserted into the nozzle, having previously bent at one end.

Before making a rocket, there are some tips to remember.

• A good paint for a rocket is pentaphthalic. Nitro-enamel paint can also be a good option.
• The stabilizer can be made not only from whatman paper, but also from thin plywood, 1mm thick. In addition, it can be replaced with a high-quality half-paper.
• Stabilizers must be glued symmetrically and very firmly.
• The best wood would be linden or poplar. It can also be replaced with good, solid foam.
• You can use vegetable oil to coat the newspaper.
• A good glue to use would be nitrocellulose.
• Using rockets without a parachute is very dangerous. A parachute can be made of any design.

The rocket is great fun, but when it launches you have to move 10 meters away.

A cool mock-up of a rocket or a real flying rocket can be made at home without any problems. To carry out the work, you can use any available materials: paper, cardboard, plastic bottles, matches and foil. Depending on the chosen master class, you can get a beautiful toy or a full-fledged model of a real rocket. All descriptions are supplemented with step-by-step photos and video instructions, which greatly simplifies the assembly of products. You can learn in detail how to make a rocket with your own hands and make it fly in the master classes below for adults, teenagers and children.

How to make a rocket with your own hands so that it flies - a step-by-step master class with a description

The simplest flying rocket can be made at home. The master class below clearly describes how to make a paper rocket that flies in literally 5-10 minutes. The work will be suitable for both adults and teenagers. A simple instructions How to make a paper rocket does not require the use of special components: it can be assembled from scrap materials.

Materials for making a flying rocket with your own hands

• paper;
• scotch;
• line segment metal-plastic pipe;
• soft hose;
• 2l bottle.

Step-by-step master class on making a flying rocket with your own hands

How to make a rocket out of ordinary cardboard with your own hands - diagram and description of work

Even a child can make a cool cardboard rocket. This layout is perfect for decorating a room. How to make a cardboard rocket with your own hands according to the diagram is described in the master class below with step-by-step photos.

DIY materials for assembling a space rocket from ordinary cardboard

• rolls from toilet paper;
• white cardboard;
• thin colored paper (yellow, red);
• shiny self-adhesive paper;
• scissors;
• paper tape;
• red and silver paint;
• astronaut figurine.

Step-by-step instructions for assembling a cardboard rocket with your own hands

How to make a rocket from a bottle so that it takes off - a step-by-step master class

An original and high-flying rocket can be assembled from scrap materials right at home. But its launch must be carried out in an open area to comply with safety conditions. He will tell you how to make a rocket out of a bottle without much difficulty. step by step photo instructions.

List of materials for making a flying rocket from a plastic bottle

• plastic bottle;
• sheet of plastic;
• foam tube;
• paper tape;
• liquid Nails;
• stationery knife, scissors;
• rubber stopper;
• thin hose.

Step-by-step master class on making a flying space rocket from a bottle

How to make a model of a space rocket with your own hands - an interesting master class with photos

Many fans of space research would like to have at home real layout original rocket. Using a few materials and following assembly rules, you can make a copy of the Proton-M. How to make a model of a rocket and how to paint it correctly is described in the next master class.

Materials for making a model of a space rocket with your own hands

• round timber blanks;
• plastic tubes;
• acrylic paint;
• glue.

Detailed master class on making a model rocket with your own hands

How to make a model rocket from matches and foil - an entertaining video master class

Many adults and teenagers are interested in how to make a rocket from matches and foil. The work takes minimal time but brings maximum fun. True, it must be carried out either with adults or under their supervision.

Haven't you ever wanted to become an astronaut and fly into space on board a rocket? To become an astronaut, you need to spend many years of training and education. In the meantime, you can make and launch your own homemade rocket in the yard, which, thanks to our instructions, you can make with your own hands.

To make a homemade rocket you will need:

A4 sheet of paper

From 35mm film (with a lid that fits inside the opening of the can, not over its circumference)

Adhesive tape

Scissors

Water

Effervescent tablet of an antacid (a neutralizing agent used to calm an upset stomach)

Eye protection: sunglasses or safety glasses

How to build a homemade rocket?

1. Make an enlarged copy of the rocket so that it fits on a sheet of A4 paper. Cut out the template details.

2. Remove the lid from the film can. Using adhesive tape, glue the large one cut from the template to the jar. Make sure that the opening end of the can is directly against the edge of the paper.

3. Now twist the paper around the jar to make a cylinder and glue it together duct tape. The jar should be at the bottom of the cylinder.

4. Take the nose cone piece. Using duct tape, glue the ends together to create a cone shape. Glue the cone to the top of the paper cylinder.

5. Take the stabilizer templates and fold along the dotted lines. Glue it to the rocket body. Now your rocket is ready to launch!

6. Take your homemade rocket outside and wear glasses to protect your eyes.

7. Turn the homemade rocket upside down and fill the jar halfway with water.

8. Drop half an antacid tablet into the container and quickly close the lid.

9. Place your homemade rocket on a launch platform, e.g. concrete path or paved area. Step back and wait. In a few seconds yours will take off!

How a homemade rocket takes off and works

When the tablet is placed in a jar of water, it begins to dissolve and fizz. The fizz produces more gas inside the can, but when closed lid he can't get out of there. Eventually something has to happen! That's why the lid shoots off the jar. and gas rush outward and downward, pushing the can along with the rocket attached to it upward.

Real rockets work on the same principle. Instead of water and an antacid tablet, the rocket's fuel tank contains a mixture various types fuel, which causes an explosion. An explosion erupts from below the fuel tank, forcing the rocket upward.

The first rocket to launch anything into space was the R-7 launch vehicle. With its help, on October 4, 1957, the USSR launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite (AES).