All sea vessels are equipped with internal and external signaling equipment in strict accordance with the Rules of the USSR Register and the Supply Sheet for Marine Vessels. Good condition, constant readiness of ship's signaling equipment and proper organization signal service - necessary conditions for successful and accident-free navigation.
Internal alarms (emergency, fire, bilge, temperature, service) play an important role in ensuring the safety of the ship, cargo and people on board. The emergency alarm notifies about a declared general emergency emergency; fire department - about the location of the fire; bilge and temperature - about changes in temperature or the appearance of water in the holds; service allows you to quickly notify any crew member or call him to a designated place.
External signaling means are divided into visual (optical), sound (acoustic) and radio.
Visual communication are:
Flags - International Code of Signals (ICS);
Semaphore - manual and mechanical (semaphore wings); signal figures - balls, cones, cylinders, T-shaped signs and stripes, etc.;
Lighting - distinctive lights, spotlights, flashing lamps, rockets, flares, etc.
Audio communications are: bells, gongs, whistles, sirens, air typhons.
Radio technical means of communication are ship radiotelegraph and radiotelephone stations.
Flag signaling has 40 flags, of which 26 are alphabetic, quadrangular in shape; 10 - digital, triangular; 3 - triangular, replacing any of the S6 main flags if they are repeated in the same signal. The last (40th) flag - the pennant of the code - serves to notify that negotiations are underway under the International Code of Signals (ICS).
International Code of Signals(1965) is intended to maintain communication in an environment caused by the need to ensure the safety of navigation and the protection of human life at sea, especially in cases where language communication difficulties arise. The code is convenient for signal production by all means of communication, including radiotelephone and radiotelegraph, which makes it possible to eliminate the need for a separate radiotelegraph code. Each MCC signal has a complete semantic meaning, which eliminates the need to compose signals according to words.
The signals used in the International Code of Signals consist of:
Single-letter signals intended for very urgent, important or frequently used messages (Table 11);
Two-letter signals that make up the general section: distress - accident, accidents - damage, aids to navigation - navigation - hydrography, maneuvering, miscellaneous (cargo, ballast, crew, people, fishing, pilot, port, harbour), meteorology - weather, communications, international sanitary rules, addition tables;
Table 11
three-letter signals that make up the medical section and begin with the letter M.
The material in the Code is grouped in accordance with the topic and, for ease of analysis of signals, is arranged in alphabetical order of signal combinations, which are placed on the left side of the pages before the meanings of the signals. To facilitate the set of signals, some of them are repeated in different thematic groups. Signals for transmitting messages are observed using qualifier words that reflect the main topic of the message being prepared. Alphabetical index defining words are placed at the end of the Code.
Semaphore signaling (manual, mechanical, semaphore panels) allows you to negotiate via MSS or using a special semaphore alphabet. When negotiating using a special semaphore alphabet, different positions of the hands in relation to the signalman's body or different positions of the wings of a mechanical semaphore in relation to the vertical base correspond to letter values.
Signal figures have their advantages: they are visible at a considerable distance, do not depend on the direction of the wind, and are clearly visible at sunset and sunrise.
Signal figures in daytime replace signal lights, and also serve for negotiations with ships and coastal stations.
On the coasts of the seas and oceans there are numerous coastal signal stations that monitor the movement of ships, transmitted signals, and the weather, warning ships of impending danger. Each signal (a combination of flags, cones, cylinders, balls) is assigned its own number, with the help of which in the tables International system signals you can find it semantic meaning.
Boatmasters must be well aware of the semantic meaning of shore signals, lights and figures.
Light signaling is carried out using flashing lights, flashing lamps, lanterns, spotlights, heliographs and prisms. Transmission is carried out in short (dot) and long (dash) flashes in Morse code.
Sound communications. For negotiations using sound signals, the same Morse code is adopted as for light. Sound signals can be produced by any sound means, including a ship's horn or siren.
Sound signals may have local or international significance.
Pyrotechnics alarm(false flares, rockets, grenades) on sea vessels are used as light, sound or explosive signals. They are used both in the dark and in the daytime, but always with good visibility. During daylight hours, only rockets that produce colored lights or stars are used.
Radio engineering communications. The minimum required radio equipment for each ship, depending on the navigation area and destination, is determined by the USSR Register Rules.
Pyrotechnic signaling devices
In Annex IV<Сигналы бедствия>COLREG-72 says:<... сигналы, используемые или выставляемые вместе, либо раздельно, указывают, что судно терпит бедствие и нуждается в помощи>. Such signals also include pyrotechnics - rockets, grenades, flares, smoke bombs, luminous and smoking buoys. Supervision of pyrotechnic signaling means is carried out by the USSR Register. Vessels are supplied with pyrotechnic signaling devices depending on the navigation areas. On oil tankers, flares are provided only for lifeboats.
Before launching rockets or using other pyrotechnic devices, you must read the launch instructions. The rockets are fired from special metal cups, which are installed on the railings of the navigation bridge. Rockets must be extinguished at a height of at least 50 m from the surface of the sea.
Pyrotechnics must be moisture-resistant in handling and storage, operate in any climatic conditions, and retain their properties for at least 3 years. The marking is applied with indelible paint on the pyrotechnic product itself (with the exception of one-star rockets), on its packaging and includes the date of issue, service life, purpose and instructions for use.
Parachute distress signal flare - red. Take-off altitude is not less than 300 m, burning duration is not less than 40 s, descent speed is not more than 5 m/s.
The sound grenade rocket is designed to send a distress signal. Range. audibility of at least 5 miles.
Single-star red or green rockets are used in rescue operations; take-off height of at least 80 m; burning duration 6 s.
A flare is a plastic or cardboard sleeve in which a pyrotechnic composition and an incendiary device are located. While burning, it is held in the hands. Purpose of the flare: red - to give a distress signal, burning duration 60 s; white - for attention, burning duration 20 s.
The smoke bomb is intended for lifeboats; it produces clearly visible orange smoke and is used to give a distress signal during daylight hours. After the bomb is activated, it is thrown overboard, where it should produce smoke for 3 minutes, visible for at least 3 miles.
For storing pyrotechnics, special waterproof metal cabinets are provided, built into the wheelhouse, or metal boxes mounted on the bridge deck. Inside, the boxes are divided into sections and lined with felt. If necessary, the rockets in sections are wedged.
Pyrotechnics for boats must be placed in special containers and stored in boats. While the vessel is at sea, access to pyrotechnics must be locked. One key is located in the chart room in a visible place with markings<Пиротехника>, the second is kept by the chief mate in the cabin. Flare guns are stored by the captain, and pyrotechnic cartridges are stored similarly to rockets.
Everyone on the ship needs to know the rules for handling pyrotechnics, for which training should be conducted with the entire crew.
When handling rockets, shocks and impacts are not allowed. If the rocket does not fire during launch, it should be immediately thrown overboard. It is prohibited to disassemble rockets. When starting, make sure that
There were no people nearby. Before launching missiles using a line-throwing installation, you should carefully study the instructions for its use.
Luminous and light-emitting buoys are attached to lifebuoys, which are located on the wings of the navigation bridge or near it for quickly throwing them overboard in the event of a person falling into the water. The buoy must provide a burning duration of at least 45 minutes. On oil tankers they are powered by electric batteries. Smoke bombs operate automatically and produce orange smoke for 15 minutes with visibility of at least 1 mile at daylight. Self-igniting lights and smoke bombs must be designed in such a way as to prevent damage when dropped from a height of at least 25 m. The maximum service life of luminous and LED buoys on ships, taking into account their storage in a warehouse, should not exceed 10 years.
All pyrotechnics that have expired must be replaced.
It must be remembered that pyrotechnics are classified as fire-hazardous and explosive means, and when handling them, safety regulations must be strictly observed;
The entire ship's crew is required to study and know the instructions for handling pyrotechnics;
The results of testing the knowledge of the ship's crew in the use of pyrotechnics are documented in the protocol of the ship's qualification commission;
When firing missiles, there should be no people nearby and it is prohibited to direct their flight towards ships, structures, buildings, crowds of people, etc.;
Launching sound rockets from hands is prohibited;
A line-throwing missile is launched only with a line attached to it;
Smoking and the use of fire near pyrotechnics or when using them are strictly prohibited;
During the repair period, all pyrotechnics must be removed from the vessel and stored in a warehouse.
§ 63. COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNALING FACILITIES
On small vessels, communications and signaling are necessary to communicate with the shore and other vessels and to issue distress signals.
All types of communication or signaling equipment on small vessels are divided into three main types: visual, audio, radio.
1. Visual alarm
Means of visual communication include flag and light signaling.
A. Flag signaling
Flag semaphore (Fig. 148, a) is the most common and accessible type of communication. Its essence is that each letter of the Russian alphabet corresponds to a certain position of the hands. The semaphore alphabet has 29 alphabetic signs, 8 service signs and 4 change of place signs. In order to use a flag semaphore, an amateur navigator must know it well, and on board a vessel while sailing, have two brightly colored flags nailed to the handles for ease of use. It is also necessary to have a spare pair of semaphore flags.
Signal flags (see appendix) are used for communication and signaling with posts, lighthouses and passing ships. If an amateur sailor does not know by heart the meanings of each flag or combination of flags, then the ship needs to have a table where these meanings are written down. The navigator must know the combinations of flags given in the appendix by heart and have the combinations prepared on the ship in order to quickly issue a warning or distress signal at the right time or read a signal raised by another ship.
Single flag signal meanings
A - "I'm doing speed tests"
B - “I am loading (unloading) explosives”
IN - "I need health care»
G - "I need a pilot"
D - “Stay away from me. I I have a hard time managing it"
E - "I am heading to the right"
AND - "I need help"
Z - Coast Station Call Alert
AND - "I'm going to make a semaphore message"
TO - "Stop your ship immediately"
L - “Stop. I have an important message."
M - "I have a doctor on board"
Rice. 148 a
N - "No", negative
ABOUT - "Man overboard"
P - At sea: "Your lights have gone out." At the port: “The crew must assemble for the ship”
R - "My ship can't move"
Rice. 148 b- individual signs and techniques
WITH - "My machines work full swing back"
T - "Don't cross my course"
U - "You are heading towards danger."
F - “I'm out of control. Keep in touch with me"
X - "I have a pilot on board"
C - "Yes", affirmative
SCH - "My ship is not infected"
b - “Stop your actions, follow me”
Y - "I'm delivering mail"
B. Light signaling
Light signaling is used in the dark, when it is impossible to transmit a message by other means of communication. Each letter of the Russian alphabet is assigned a specific combination, consisting of a set of dots and dashes transmitted by a spotlight, signal device or spot.
The point is transmitted by briefly pressing the key that closes electrical circuit. The dash must be three times longer than the dot.
In the absence of electric lighting, the message can be transmitted with an electric pocket torch or oil lantern, covering the light with the palm of the hand or a cap.
Rice. 149.A- combination of sunspots; b - signaling
Light signaling also includes a light-signal mirror (heliograph), which is a device that allows the rays reflected by the mirror to be sent in the form of light signals at a distance of up to 20 miles. This device is based on pointing the reflection of the solar disk (“bunny”) at the object of interest. The signal mirror consists of two metal plates fastened on a hinge, the surface of one of which is chrome-plated and polished. The plate has a sight hole. To give signals, the mirror should be held in the hand in such a way that through its sighting hole on the top wing you can see the ship or aircraft that is giving the signal (Fig. 149, a). In order for the “bunny” to fall on the target and your signal to be noticed on a ship or plane, it is necessary to rotate the mirror so that the beam passing through the sighting hole and reflected from the bottom flap is inner surface the upper flap in the form of a light circle, coincides with the sighting hole (Fig. 149.6).
To prevent the mirror from falling into the water, it must have a cord that is worn around the neck when signaling.
Pyrotechnic signaling or pyrotechnic means are used to signal the location of a ship or when a ship is in distress. Pyrotechnics are divided into daytime (thick orange smoke) and nighttime (bright stars or flames).
The RB-40Sh lifeboat parachute rocket takes off to a height of at least 200 m, burns with a bright red fire and slowly descends by parachute. Burning duration 35 sec. Signal visibility range is 10-15 miles.
A night signal cartridge, usually called a "false flare", when burned, is held in the hands and produces a torch of red, blue or white light.
The cartridges are respectively designated F-2K, F-2G and F-2B.
Red flares are intended to give distress signals, white flares are used to attract attention, and blue flares are used to call a pilot. The signal duration for red and blue light cartridges is at least 60 seconds, for white light cartridges - 30 seconds. Visibility range 5 miles.
False flares are safe to use and are not blown away by the wind.
When triggered, the daylight signal cartridge emits orange smoke, which is visible from a distance of 3-4 miles. The burning time of the cartridge is at least 30 seconds.
Floating smoke bombs are effectively used during daylight hours. Thick orange smoke can be seen for at least 5 miles even in clear and calm weather. Smoke formation occurs within 5 minutes. and passes without open flame.
Pyrotechnic cartridges are reliable, and preparation for the action of the above-mentioned pyrotechnics takes no more than 7-10 seconds.
To give a signal, the cartridge cap is unscrewed and the ring with the cord is pulled out with a sharp movement. When giving a signal, all cartridges must be kept away from you and downwind.
TO. visual alarm These include water surface dyes that are clearly visible from an airplane.
Dyes include packages with dyes - fluorescein or uranine grade “A”, coloring the surface of the water over an area of up to 50 m 2 in yellow-green color. The visibility range of such a spot from an airplane reaches 15-20 km.
When sailing in open waters, it is not necessary to have all of the above pyrotechnic signaling devices, but at least 1-2 means from each of the above pyrotechnic groups must be carried on the ship. You can have one remedy that reliably replaces another. This is necessary in case of a distress signal. To avoid fire, pyrotechnic signals should only be lit overboard on the leeward side of the vessel.
2. Sound alarm
On small vessels, to give signals, attract attention, indicate their location in fog (poor visibility), in the absence of visual signaling, all types of car signals, whistles, signal horns, and bells are used. The audibility range of a car signal is 1 mile, a horn - 0.5 miles, a whistle - twice as far as the audibility of a voice, electric, air sirens and steam whistles - 2 km.
The P12 distress signal cartridge produces a signal sound that can be heard in calm weather at a distance of at least 5 miles.
3. Radio alarm
The emergency portable boat radio station "Sloop" and the emergency aircraft radio station "Kedr-S", which can operate both from an automatic alarm and distress signal sensor and from a manual key, can be used as a radio signal for sending distress signals on small vessels. The receiver of the Sloop radio station has two wave bands: 400-550 kHz and 600-9000 kHz. Signals can be transmitted on waves with frequencies 500, 6273 and 8364 kHz. The station has the shape of a cylinder with a diameter of 280 mm, height 500 mm, weighs 25 kg and is powered by a manual generator.
Radio station "Kedr-S" operates on frequencies 500, 2232, 4465, 8928 and 13392 kHz. The set weighs 25 kg There are two types of antennas included. Power is supplied from dry batteries.
As a radio signaling device for small vessels, we can also recommend an emergency portable radio station of the “Raft” type, designed for sending and receiving telegraph and telephone call and distress signals, as well as for receiving signals in the medium bands (100-550 kHz), intermediate (1605-2800 kHz) and short (6000-8000 kHz) waves There is an automatic alarm sensor.
The radio station is powered by a hand generator. The receiver can also be powered by water-filled batteries of the “Dymok” type, which are included in the supply of rescue equipment. The radio station consumes no more than 35 Tue, and when taken no more than 6 Tue. The amount of electricity consumed from water-filled batteries during reception does not exceed 1.5 Tue.
The "raft" weighs 23 kg, has dimensions 270X300X415 mm and can operate with a 6 meter telescopic antenna, a 9 meter mast antenna and a 100 meter box kite antenna.
Radar passive reflectors installed on sailing, rowing, wooden, and plastic boats are also among the signaling means by which navigators of vessels where ship radar stations are installed detect small vessels. The installation of passive radar reflectors is necessary for the timely detection of small vessels by vessels of a large fleet both in open waters and on inland waterways. There are many cases where the timely detection of a small vessel in poor visibility and fog prevented a collision of small vessels with large ones when the latter changed its course.
The presence of passive radar reflectors on small vessels is crucial in rescue operations to search for vessels swept out to sea.
The passive radar reflector consists of three metal exactly perpendicular disks with a diameter of 240 mm and thickness 1 mm. TO a steel tube with a diameter of 50 is attached to one of the disks mm and length 130 mm. It is mounted on a two-meter wooden rod, which, together with the reflector, is installed vertically on the mast.
The detection range of pyrotechnic distress signals largely (sometimes to a decisive extent!) depends on the location of their origin. Even the most powerful rocket can be launched in such a place and at such a time that no one will ever see it. First of all, you need to take into account the time of day and weather conditions.
A bright star in the sky during the day is almost invisible, while at night it attracts attention from many kilometers away. Therefore, during daylight hours it is better to use smoke signals, saving the rocket for the dark. In the same way, a rocket launched into a cloud that accidentally floats above your head can disappear without any benefit. Therefore, if possible, delay the signal for a few seconds, wait for the clouds to pass, or try to get into a part of the sky free of clouds or fog.
To work with flares and smoke bombs, you should choose elevated points of the relief. In this case, you must try to ensure that on the leeward side, where the smoke will be carried, there is an open space - a reservoir, a glacier, a clearing.
When giving a signal, any pyrotechnic device should be held at arm's length, with the nozzle facing away from you. There should be no people standing on the leeward side, nor should there be flammable or fire-resistant objects. It is strictly unacceptable to direct missiles and ammunition towards rescue planes, helicopters, ships!
When using rockets, you should take into account the direction and strength of the wind, which can strongly blow away the parachute with the signal star burning underneath it. If you want the signal to burn above your head, shoot slightly into the wind.
Another purely “missile” mistake is to underestimate the force of its recoil. This is especially true for large parachute rockets! If you do not hold the rocket casing tightly enough, it may jerk downward and slip out of your hands when fired.
And one more very important advice. Most pyrotechnics have a one-time effect, that is, having given a signal once, it cannot be repeated. Therefore, it is necessary to send a signal from as close a distance as possible and only when there is confidence that it will be noticed. For example, when you see a rescue plane or ship or clearly hear the increasing noise of running engines.
While driving, signaling devices must be stored in a place protected from impacts and precipitation and at the same time easily accessible. And during rest stops, keep away from fire. Many pyrotechnics are afraid of heat, intense friction and impacts, from which they can fail or even explode!
In addition to their direct purpose, almost all pyrotechnic signaling devices can be successfully used to scare away predatory animals - polar and brown bears, wolves, jackals, etc.
Although it’s a stretch, the simplest pyrotechnic signaling device can be considered aerosol cans. Anything - from hairspray and other cosmetics to repellents. A jet of aerosol released from a can, if passed through the flame of a match or lighter, flares up with a bright torch several tens of centimeters long, visible from the air for several kilometers. The aerosol should be released in short, no more than 1 - 2 s, presses with 2 - 5 second pauses. With more long burning an aerosol jet can explode in your hands!
Marine international signals disasters:
releasing puffs of orange smoke (1);
flame on the ship (for example, from a burning tar barrel) (2);
rockets or grenades that emit red stars, fired one at a time at short intervals (3);
red parachute flare or red flare (4);
flag signal NC (NC) according to the International Code of Signals (5);
a signal consisting of a square flag with a ball above or below it (6);
slow, repeated raising and lowering of arms extended to the sides (7);
cannon shots or explosions made at intervals of about one minute, or a continuous sound produced by any fog signal apparatus (8);
an SOS distress signal transmitted by radiotelegraph or other signaling system, or the word "mayday" spoken by radiotelephone (9).
All these signals have one single meaning, known to sailors all over the world - "I'm in trouble and need help".
4. Smoke and color distress signals.
These include various smoke bombs and firecrackers, most often used at sea. Such bombs are triggered after the ignition cord is pulled out and burn, emitting orange smoke, from 1 minute (hand bomb) to 4 minutes (floating bomb).
The floating smoke bomb used in domestic fleets has a length of 253 mm, a diameter of 80 mm and a weight of 820 g. Estimated visibility range smoke signal, lasting 3 minutes - one nautical mile. The checker is activated by pulling the ignition cord.
In addition to color-smoke signals, there are special dyes that, when dissolved in water, create a large, colorful spot that is noticeable from afar.
These include, for example, uranine, intended for use in the sea or in vast freshwater bodies. Upon contact with water, uranine spreads over the surface, forming a huge spot of intense green-emerald color (if it gets into cold water) or orange (if found in warm water).
The dye remains visible for about 4 - 6 hours in calm water and only 2 - 3 hours in rough water.
Pyrotechnics are widely used to send distress signals at sea.
Pyrotechnics are used to attract attention; Any of the following signals indicates that a vessel or person is in distress and requires immediate assistance.
The parachute flare produces a bright red light, visible both at night and during the day. When launched in a vertical direction, the rocket soars to a height of at least 300 m, and in clear weather its fire is visible at a distance of up to 20-30 miles. The rocket descends on its parachute at a speed of no more than 5 m/s, and the burning duration of the pyrotechnic composition is 40 s.
A flare is a pyrotechnic cartridge that produces a bright red fire. In clear weather, the fire is visible from a distance of about 6 miles. While burning, the flare is held in the hand. Do not look into the fire, as this can cause severe eye injury.
The flare burns for 60 seconds. The flare continues to burn after being immersed in water to a depth of 10 cm for 10 s.
A smoke bomb is used to give a signal during the daytime. It creates a cloud of thick orange smoke. Smoke formation continues for at least 3 minutes and is not interrupted when the checker is immersed in water for 10 s to a depth of 10 cm.
The body of the saber quickly heats up to a high temperature, therefore, in order not to burn your hands, the saber must be thrown into the water as soon as the smoke generator begins to operate. You need to throw the saber downwind relative to the rescue device, so that the wind blows the smoke to the side and there is no danger of suffocating from the smoke.
All pyrotechnics require maximum caution when used. Each such device is supplied with instructions containing instructions on the procedure for giving the corresponding signal and precautions. The instructions are printed on the body (sleeve) of the signaling device. The procedure is illustrated with pictograms, which allows this tool to be used by a person who does not speak the language in which the instructions are written. Under no circumstances should you use pyrotechnics against the wind.
DETAILS:
Parachute rocket
Parachute rocket- This is a signaling device designed for the possible detection of a rescue vehicle at a long distance.
STORAGE: Location:
Navigation bridge - 12 pcs.
Lifeboat - 4 pcs.
BEST BEFORE DATE:
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE:
PARACHUTE ROCKETSPAINSWESSEX
open the top cover
The parachute rocket should be used in the most suitable conditions for detection by a ship on the horizon.
The rocket rises to a height of more than 300 meters. In the upper trajectory, burning red, the missile releases a parachute, allowing it to be at a sufficient altitude to be detected within 40 seconds.
STORAGE: Location:
Navigation bridge - 12 pcs.
Life raft - 2 or 4 pcs.
Lifeboat - 4 pcs.
BEST BEFORE DATE:
The service life and instructions for use are marked on the rocket.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE:
PARACHUTE ROCKETSPAINSWESSEX
open the top cover
open the bottom cover and pull the safety pin to release the trigger
hold the rocket tightly and be ready to launch
aiming downwind, vertically up, pull the trigger up
see explanatory drawings on the rocket
The parachute distress signal flare is red, the take-off altitude is not less than 300 m, the burning duration is 40 s and the descent speed is not more than 5 m/s.
The rocket grenade is sound and emits a distress signal with an audibility range of at least 5 miles.
Single-star rocket - red, take-off height of at least 8 m, burn duration of at least 6 seconds; used in rescue operations.
A flare is a cardboard or plastic sleeve. filled with pyrotechnic composition; activated by an incendiary device; while burning it is held in the hands. The white flare burns for 20s and serves to attract attention, the red flare burns for 60s and is a distress signal.
FALSE FIRE HANSSON PUROTECH
open the lid
pull out the starting line with the ring
pull the ring at arm's length away from you
A smoke bomb is included in the lifeboat signaling kit. Once activated, it is thrown overboard, where it creates an orange smoke cloud within 3 minutes, visible at a distance of 3 miles.
SMOKE BOMBHANSSON PUROTECH
open the lid
pull the loop
throw the checker into the water
Luminous and light-smoking buoys attached to lifebuoys placed on the wings of the navigation bridge. When the buoy hits the water, a light signal lasting at least 45 minutes or a light smoke signal is automatically turned on Orange color lasting at least 15 minutes. The design of the buoys ensures their reliable operation when dropped from a height of 25 m or more.
When using pyrotechnics, the following safety rules must be strictly observed:
only crew members who have undergone special instructions can use pyrotechnics, which is documented in the protocol of the qualification commission;
there should be no people nearby when launching rockets;
It is prohibited to direct the flight of missiles towards ships, coastal structures, or people;
pyrotechnics that did not work when put into operation must be immediately flooded (thrown overboard);
it is prohibited to disassemble rockets and launch sound rockets from the source;
Impacts and shocks are not allowed when storing and using rockets and bombs;
a line-throwing missile must only be launched with a line attached to it.
Pyrotechnics must be stored in special waterproof metal boxes installed outdoors.
the bridge, and for lifeboats - in special containers; The rocket launchers are kept by the captain.
Pyrotechnics that have expired must be replaced.
The use of open flames and smoking near the storage of pyrotechnics and during their use is strictly prohibited
