Back in the middle of the last century, growing grapes in central Russia seemed unlikely. After all, these vines love the sun and warmth, which is so lacking in areas located near Moscow. Only with perseverance, patience, deep knowledge and many years of work by breeders, this barrier was overcome.

From the history of grapes

According to historians and archaeologists, viticulture dates back at least eight thousand years. The ancient peoples of Asia and Africa feasted on sunny berries, then it ended up in Europe and conquered both Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.

Vintage image

The grapes still had a long way to go to the Black Sea region and the North Caucasus. Only at the beginning of the 17th century the first vineyard appeared in the Astrakhan region, and then, at the behest of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, in the Moscow region, where it was grown using the covering method.

At the beginning of the 18th century, Tsar Peter initiated the first steps of viticulture on the Don - near the villages of Razdorskaya and Tsimlyanskaya.

Cossack selling Tsimlyansk wine, 1875–1876

In the last quarter of the same century, vineyards appeared in the Derbent region, Prikumsk and Tver regions, and in the second half of the 19th century - in Kuban.

Grapes in central Russia

The first successes in promoting grapes to the northern regions were achieved through the work of Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, who crossed American, Amur, North Chinese and Mongolian grape varieties, trying to obtain a variety more resistant to frost. As a result, he bred the Russian Concord, Bui Tur, Arktik, and Metallichesky.

Now there are many varieties that can be grown in the middle zone. Grape breeders and practical winegrowers recommend planting grapes with a short ripening period in this region, where the summer is quite short.

Only in the register of the State Commission of the Russian Federation for Testing and Protection of Breeding Achievements (FSBI “State Varietation Commission”) there are several dozen such grape varieties recommended for cultivation in all regions.

Grape varieties with a short ripening period, approved for cultivation in all regions - table

Variety	Direction of use			Ripening period
	universal	dining room	technical	very early	early	mid-early
Alexander		X			X
Alyoshenkin's gift		X		X
Alievsky			X			X
Amur breakthrough	X					X
Annushka		X				X
	X			X
Anthracite		X		X
Anyuta		X		X
The scent of summer	X			X
Bashkir		X			X
White early		X			X
Bogotyanovsky		X			X
Helios		X		X
Gourmet Krainova		X		X
Long awaited		X		X
Ermak			X		X
Zelenolugsky ruby			X		X
Karagay		X			X
Katyr	X				X
Cocktail		X		X
Kubattik		X		X
Libya K		X		X
Lunar		X				X
Lyubava		X		X
Lucy red	X			X
Madeleine pineapple		X			X
Manych			X		X
Squeen's Dream	X				X
Moscow white	X				X
Moscow dacha	X				X
Moscow sustainable	X			X
Muscat Moscow		X		X
Tenderness		X		X
Lowland		X		X
In memory of Strelyaeva		X				X
In memory of the teacher		X		X
In memory of Dombkowska	X			X
Squin's firstborn		X			X
Gift from TSHA	X					X
Transfiguration		X		X
Early TSHA	X			X
Rochefort K		X		X
Ryabinsky			X		X
Skungub 2		X		X
Skungub 6		X		X
Strepenny			X		X
Chrysolite		X
Anniversary Novocherkasskaya		X		X
Skuin's Anniversary		X		X
Anniversary		X			X

Of course, there is no point in describing them all. Objective and independent information about them is provided in the register of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “State Sort Commission”.

Grapes in central Russia - video

Winegrowers, of course, grow not only those varieties that are included in the register of the State Commission for Breeding Achievements, but also those that are in the process of testing. Unlike varieties, these varieties of grapes are called forms. When choosing such plants for growing, accumulated practical experience plays an important role.

Based on the experience of practicing winegrowers, we will consider grape varieties that feel best when grown in open ground in the middle zone - Ivanovo, Ryazan, Kostroma, Bryansk, Tula, Tver, Kaluga, Vladimir, Lipetsk, Smolensk, Pskov, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod regions and Moscow region.

Regions of central Russia

When starting to grow grapes, beginners in this field should take into account that advice and recommendations are general in nature. A lot, for example, when choosing a variety depends on the specific place where the vine will be grown. Even within the Moscow region, climatic conditions and soil composition are very different in its southern and northern parts.

The difference is really big. Where I live (Naro-Fominsk), the difference in temperature with the northern regions of the region is huge! If our snow can melt at the end of March, for example, then in the northern part it can lie for another whole month. The southern regions gain almost a month for farming!!! And this is not little. The composition of the soil is also different.

Svetlana

http://vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=26&t=17

Grape multicolor: review of the best varieties

Exposition of grapes grown in the middle zone

To describe the grape varieties grown in the northern regions, materials and advice from practicing winegrowers Natalya Puzenko, Viktor Deryugin, Yaroslavl winegrower Vladimir Volkov, Olena Nepomnyashchaya - a full member of the Moscow Society of Natural Scientists (viticulture section), owner of a vineyard in the north of the Tver region - were used.

This grape variety is also called Alyoshenkin, Alyosha or No. 328. It is recommended for home garden cultivation throughout the country by the State Variety Commission and has a positive assessment from almost all experienced winegrowers.

Its medium-sized bushes bear loose large clusters in the shape of a wide cone. The oval white berries are medium in size. Inside they are filled with pulp with clear juice.

The variety has increased resistance to diseases and pests. It is recommended to plant it according to the 1.5x2.5 pattern, form it in the form of a multi-armed fan on a vertical trellis, and regulate the load on the bush within 40–50 buds.

Characteristics of the variety Aleshenkin Dar - table

I want to stand up for Aleshenkin. We don’t have many varieties growing here, but Aleshenkin is considered very good. At least take into account that we have thirty-degree frosts every winter, then covered it tolerates the winter very well. And it manages to ripen, which pleases the northern winegrower. Of course, when you have a choice, you can be capricious in choosing varieties, but for us, without fish, cancer is fish.

Reg

http://forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=527&page=3

This grape is also called ChBZ - black seedless winter-hardy or ChBR - black seedless early. It is recommended for growing in home vineyards.

Its vigorous bushes produce large winged clusters of medium density in the shape of a cylinder converging into a cone. The flowers are bisexual, that is, they do not require pollinating varieties.

Round black berries with pink juicy pulp have no seeds, have a good taste, and are sometimes covered with a light coating of wax. The color of the juice is dark pink.

This grape variety is formed in the form of a multi-armed fan and tied to a vertical trellis. Bushes are planted according to a 1.5x3 m pattern, with a load of up to 50 buds.

Grapes of Pamyat Dombkowska have increased resistance to pests and diseases, and frost resistance.

Characteristics of the Pamyati Dombkovskaya variety - table

This grape is also called ChBZ - black seedless winter-hardy or ChBR - black seedless early

ChBZ has been grown here in Magnitka, and indeed in the Chelyabinsk region, for many decades. Just like Aleshenkin. The variety is proven, quite frost-resistant and vigorous. You can also try uncovered. They remove 70 kg or more from a bush. Taste-?- is no longer Alpha. Eaten.

http://vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=55&t=262&start=10

You can definitely go to the gazebo. As for the wine, in my opinion, not very much, but this is a matter of taste. In our conditions, mildew grows, and frost resistance is very high.

Krasokhina

http://forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=957

Victor Deryugin's grapes

Practicing winegrower Viktor Deryugin successfully grows vines in the Moscow region (Ramensky district).

Practicing winegrower Viktor Deryugin successfully grows grapevines in the Moscow region (Ramensky district)

In his opinion and experience, grapes that ripen within 105–110 days from the beginning of the growing season should be grown in the Moscow region. Seedlings grown in containers should be planted when the threat of return frosts has passed. This can be done throughout the summer, but preferably in early June. If the seedling has an open root system, then the time of its planting is shifted to autumn (until the end of October) or early spring after the snow melts.

The winegrower lists Agat Donskoy, New Russian, Phenomenon and others as reliable and proven varieties. Among the new products, he recommends the varieties Super Extra, Charlie, White Miracle, and Krasotka.

On his plot, varieties and forms such as F-14–75, Laura, Shunya, Nadezhda Aksaiskaya, Victoria, Super extra, Nakhodka AZOS, Victor, Pervozvanny, Phenomenon (Pleven resistant, Augustine), Summer Muscat, Gala grow and bear fruit well , Alyoshenkin, Cherry, Charlie.

Photo gallery: grape varieties grown by V. Deryugin in the Moscow region

The famous winegrower Evgeniy Polyanin said very well about her: “If they told me that I could only keep one variety, I would choose Laura.”
The vine ripens before the harvest - a sign of high frost resistance. The taste is similar to the Arcadia variety, beloved by many, but at an earlier ripening period, therefore, unlike Arcadia, in the conditions of the Moscow region it grows outside a greenhouse. A worthy variety and, given its pedigree, promising for cultivation in the north. Large size of berries and very early ripening period, the variety is a clear leader in these indicators. This year the grapes ripened on my site on August 12–17. Individual berries reached 38–40 mm in length. And I recorded ripening on my site on August 15–20. Early ripening: August 18–23. The berry is beautiful, oval in shape, amber in color. Truly a phenomenal combination of stability, yield and taste. Early ripening, excellent taste, wood ripens very well (the key to good winter hardiness)
The clusters and berries are very large. Disease resistance is high. This variety was one of the first to ripen for me. It has more advantages than disadvantages. Form of early ripening. Last summer the bunches of large sizes ripened on August 20th. The taste is pleasant and harmonious. The vine ripens well in our conditions. This form was the first to ripen last summer (August 5–10)

Donskoy agate is a table grape with vigorous bushes that are resistant to frost and disease. The ripening of the shoots is good. The variety can be grown in uncovered crops. The recommended load on the bush is up to 45 eyes when pruning to 5–8 buds.

Flowers of the Agat Donskoy variety are bisexual, there is no problem with pollination. It is recommended to normalize the yield by removing excess clusters so that the ripening period is not extended and the quality of the berries is not reduced.

Agate clusters are moderately dense, sometimes loose. They are large and cone-shaped. The taste of round dark blue berries is simple. They have two seeds inside.

Characteristics of the Agat Donskoy variety - table

Donskoy agate is a table grape with vigorous bushes that are resistant to frost and disease

My AGATE DONSKOY is the most stable in the vineyard near Moscow

Alexander-Zelenograd

Hello everyone. A few words about Agatha Donskoy. If we take the sum of these advantages: overwintering, all types of resistance, fruitfulness, load on one bush - then AD is my leader for this year. A lot of varieties are frozen, continuous peas due to the heat, a sea of ​​tops and few berries! And with Agat Donskoy everything is OK! The downside is of course the taste, but it suits me.

Anatoly BC

http://forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=1068

Phenomenon

A phenomenon sometimes called Augustine, Pleven resistant is a table variety of early-ripening fruitful grape. Its bushes have great growth vigor and high resistance to frost.

The flowers of this grape are well pollinated because they are bisexual, resulting in large clusters of moderate density, cone-shaped.

Large oval berries, white with a slight yellow tint, have a noble, harmonious sweet and sour taste, which is highly appreciated by tasters.

Ripe bunches can remain on the bush for up to three weeks without losing the appearance and quality of the berries. The phenomenon tolerates transportation well over long distances.

Characteristics of the Phenomenon variety - table

A phenomenon that is sometimes called Augustine, Pleven resistant is a table variety of early ripening fruitful grapes

A remarkable variety based on a combination of economically valuable traits. It started up for me in 1995. All these years it has been the most stable and problem-free. There is no need to list the advantages; they are all listed above. If I touched mildya, it was in the fall, when you give up processing (and I’m not particularly keen on them). And then only the young tops, not yet ripe, were striking. Well, maybe it was he who froze to death in one year, it seems, in 2006, when our frosts broke all records - it reached -31.2. The bunch is very marketable, demand is stable. And I didn’t notice any particularly hard skin - everything is fine with the water regime. He could have remained silent, listening to those more knowledgeable, but he is worth saying a good word about him.

Oleg Marmuta

http://forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=411

A word about Amur grapes

According to Olena Nepomnyashchaya, varieties bred by Alexander Ivanovich Potapenko are interesting for cultivation in uncovered crops – patriarch of breeding work with Amur grapes: Amur breakthrough, Marinovsky, Amethyst, Amur triumph.

Amur breakthrough

The Amur breakthrough grape, also known under the author's names Odin and Potapenko 7, stands out because it can withstand frost down to -40 ºС without shelter. The variety was created by the famous grape breeder Alexander Ivanovich Potapenko and his wife.

A.I. Potapenko with a bunch of grapes Amursky breakthrough

This versatile mid-early grape. Amur original forms were used to breed it.

The bushes have great growth power and can be formed on a gazebo. In this option, with a good supply of perennial wood, an adult bush can produce up to one hundred kilograms of grapes. The vine ripens well at the same time as the harvest, regardless of the load on the shoots.

The dark purple round berries of the Amur breakthrough have juicy pulp with a unique taste. The bunches can have different sizes, which greatly depend on the growing conditions of the grapes.

Amur breakthrough, which has a high yield, ripens by the end of August, is easily transported, and is not damaged by wasps. These grapes are used both fresh and for preparations, making juice and wine.

Characteristics of the Amur breakthrough variety - table

Amur breakthrough is very moisture-loving and requires timely watering. For growing this grape variety, acidic soils with high moisture and air permeability are preferable.

The variety easily tolerates pruning and adapts plastically to new growing conditions when transplanted.

Since the Amur breakthrough begins the growing season earlier than other varieties, young shoots can be damaged by return frosts inherent in the climate of the middle zone, but this does not affect fruiting, since replacement shoots grow, on which the harvest is formed.

When growing in the middle zone, experienced winegrowers recommend covering young vines, despite the high frost resistance of the variety, which is fully manifested in mature vines. In the future, it is recommended to remove the Amur Breakthrough grapes from the trellis for the winter in order to use the snow cover as shelter.

In severe frosts, up to a third of the vine can die, but, thanks to the high growth force of the Amur Breakthrough, the remaining part is quite sufficient to completely restore the plant and obtain a good harvest.

Video: A.I. Potapenko and Amur breakthrough grapes

First, about your favorite variety

KESHA and KESHA-1 (Talisman)– elite table varieties, early ripening, I consider them one of the best grape varieties in general.

"Kesha" is a bisexual variety. Keshi-1 with female (functional) flowers.

Many summer residents are absolutely right when they plant them nearby - pollination improves significantly.

The variety is characterized by very high yields. The bushes are vigorous, the shoots ripen very well.

Clusters: Kesha's is conical, dense, large, while Kesha's is loose.

The berries of both varieties are large, oval, white, and very tasty. When fully ripe, Kesha-1 has yellow tan clusters with a nutmeg aroma.

The berries are fleshy and juicy. Both varieties are frost-hardy and resistant to diseases and pests.

The pruning is long - for 13-16 eyes, for "Keshi-1" - up to 17-20 eyes. The variety is susceptible to overload, so you need to normalize the load with inflorescences and clusters.

Variety Valiant (Brave)

American variety. Vigorous, very resistant to low temperatures. Resistance to mildew is weak (the main disadvantage), the berries are blue and dark blue. Sugar can reach 20%. Delicious, tastes like strawberries. Used for landscaping garden gazebos.

Augustine (aka Pleven stable, Phenomenon)– early ripening table variety. An unpretentious and very reliable variety. The variety is high-yielding. The bunches can be stored on the bushes for 20 days. Vigorous, good ripening of the vines. The bunch is large, conical, of medium density. The berries are large, elongated, white, slightly translucent in the sun, the taste is harmonious. Winter hardiness is average, disease resistant. Suitable for landscaping.

Donskoy agate- an extremely early table variety that ripens well even in cloudy weather.

The bunch is large, conical, somewhat loose. The berries are large, round in shape, dark blue, almost black in color. Good shoot maturity. The variety is resistant to mildew, oidium, and gray rot, but it is advisable to do 1-2 sprayings per season. Loves short pruning - up to 5 eyes.

Arcadia– a table variety of very early ripening period. Strongly or more often medium-growing, average ripening of shoots on unloaded bushes, very productive variety. In terms of productivity - one of the best. The clusters are very large, cylindrical-conical in shape, dense. Arcadia's berries are large, white, fleshy and juicy, have a light pleasant taste with a nutmeg aroma, and are prone to cracking. Good resistance to mildew, worse resistance to oidium. Frost-resistant variety. A very common variety, in terms of its characteristics it is one of the preferred varieties for private vineyards.

Aliya-2- table variety, mid-early. The bushes are vigorous. The shoots ripen well. The bunch is large, of medium density. The berries are large, fleshy, pink in color, harmonious taste with a slight tartness; may crack due to excess moisture during ripening. Long pruning - 10-12 eyes. Resistant to mildew, slightly resistant to oidium. Frost-resistant.

Aleshenkin- table variety of very early ripening: ripens at the end of August. Large cylindrical or conical bunch, sometimes very large, medium density, high yield. The berries are large, amber-white in color, oval-elongated, very juicy, sweet and pleasant to the taste. Vigorous, shoots ripen well, frost-resistant. It cannot withstand crop overload - you only need to leave one bunch on the shoot. Weak resistance to mildew and oidium. This is one of the best varieties, except for disease resistance - it is below average. Pruning is done for 5-6 eyes.

Alexander- very early universal variety. The bunch is small, cylindrical, of medium density. The berries are medium-sized, round, fleshy, dark pink or cherry color. It has increased resistance to diseases and is frost-resistant. The variety is included in the Russian state register for all grape growing zones.

Alpha- a table variety of wounds of non-medium ripening period with bisexual flowers. Very frost-resistant and productive. The bunch is medium-sized, cylindrical, winged, and can be either dense or loose. The berries are medium-sized, round, dark purple or red-brown in color, with a light strawberry aroma, covered with a rich waxy coating. Good ripening of shoots. Similar to “Isabella” both in taste and appearance. Increased resistance to disease. Can be used for decorative purposes - for landscaping gazebos, arches, etc. Trimming for 4-6 eyes.

Bashkir- a universal variety of early ripening, high-yielding, vigorous. The bunch is medium, branched, loose. The berries are medium, round, dark blue in color. Frost-resistant variety, good resistance to diseases and pests.

White Beauty (Frumoasa Albe)– table variety of early ripening period. High yield. The vigor of the bushes is average, the shoots ripen well. The bunch is medium in size, moderately dense or loose. The berries are medium, the taste is harmonious with a pleasant nutmeg aroma. The cut is short. Resistant to diseases, resistance to frost is weak.

White miracle (Synonyms and other names: Song, Original Delight)– very early table variety. The shoots ripen well. The bunch is very large, very beautiful, cylindrical-conical. average density. The berries are large, elongated, amber-white in color, with a harmonious delicate taste, crispy, juicy. Frost-resistant variety, high resistance to pests and diseases. Long pruning - 8-10 eyes.

Variety White Moscow– a very early variety with high yield. The bunch is medium or large in size, conical or cylindrical-conical, of medium density. The berries are medium-sized, round or oval, white, juicy, with a harmonious taste. High frost resistance, good disease resistance. Can be perfectly used for decoration.

Variety Buffalo– a universal grape variety, early-mid ripening period with bisexual flowers. Vigorous, shoots ripen well. The bunch is medium, loose, conical in shape. The berries are medium-sized, slightly oval, black in color, with a strawberry flavor. Frost-resistant variety, good disease resistance, especially to mildew. Perfectly used for decoration.

Bulgaria (sustainable)- early ripening table variety. High yield, good ripening of the vines. The bunch is large. The berries are oval-oblong, with juicy pulp, with a pleasant nutmeg flavor. Frost-resistant, complexly resistant to diseases. The variety is valued for its berry taste, characterized by a pleasant nutmeg tone and very high sugar content.

Variety Vavilova (early)– an early ripening table variety. Vigorous, high-yielding, with good ripening of shoots. The cluster is large, branched. The berries are very large, oval, bluish-violet in color, fleshy and juicy, with a delicate harmonious taste. Moderately resistant to mildew, resistant to oidium, moderately resistant to cracking of berries and gray rot. Frost-resistant.

Volzhsky- a table variety of medium and early-medium ripening period. Medium-sized, medium-yielding. The bunch is medium or large, wide-conical, medium density. The berries are large, round, dark blue in color with a delicate harmonious taste. Relatively resistant to mildew and gray rot.

Victoria- an early ripening table variety with female flowers. High-yielding. It is imperative to monitor the load on the bushes. The variety is low-growing. The bunch can be very large, the shape is conical, the density is moderate. The berries are large, oval-shaped, juicy, very pleasant to the taste, with a slight nutmeg aroma when the berries are fully ripe. Excellent resistance to diseases and pests. A very winter-hardy variety.

Wax– table grape variety, early ripening. The variety is medium-sized, with good ripening of the vines. The shoots ripen well. The flower is functionally female. The bunch is large, wide-conical or cylindrical-conical, medium density. The berries are large, round, white, amber in the sun, fleshy and juicy, with a pleasant taste. High frost resistance, disease resistant. The pruning is average, for 6-8 buds, but 3-4 are possible due to the good fruitfulness at the base of the shoots.

Variety Delight (there are also varieties Delight red, Delight oval, Delight nutmeg and Delight black)- table variety of very early ripening period. This heat-loving variety needs a lot of sun. Productivity is high, shoot ripening is good. The bunch is large or very large, conical in shape, moderate in density. The berries are large and very large, oval or round, white with a sunny tan, with a harmonious taste, fleshy. Pruning short or medium. Frost-resistant, resistant to mildew and gray rot.

Glenora Seedlis– table seedless variety of early-medium ripening with bisexual flowers. A vigorous variety with good ripening capacity of the vine. The bunch is large, the berries are medium, round, blue-black, tasty, sweet, with melting pulp. When frozen, a blueberry flavor appears. Good frost resistance. Resistant to diseases and pests.

Hybrid No. 342 aka Hungarian Kishmish- table variety of very early ripening period. Strong growth of bushes, good ripening of shoots. The bunch is large and medium, cylindrical-conical, medium density. The berries are medium and large, ovoid, green-golden, seedless, fleshy-juicy, with a pleasant taste. Increased frost resistance, good disease resistance.

Variety Diana (aka Serafimovsky) - table variety of very early ripening. Medium vigor, good ripening of the vines. The bunch is medium, of moderate density. The berries are amber-white, with a muscat tone in taste. Frost-resistant, quite resistant to diseases and pests. The cut is average.

Far Eastern Ramminga- an early ripening table variety with bisexual flowers. The bushes are medium or low growing. The ripening of the shoots is good. The bunch is medium or small, cylindrical, branched, of high density. The berries are small, round, dark blue in color, with an Isabella flavor. Resistance to frost is high, resistance to fungal diseases is average.

Decorative- a table variety of early ripening, with bisexual flowers, productive and very beautiful, with vigorous bushes and well-ripening shoots. The bunch is large or very large, beautiful. The berries are large, oval, dark pink in color. Very frost-resistant variety. The cut is average. Suitable for decorating walls, gazebos, etc.

Pearl sub- a very common earliest table variety with bisexual flowers. Good yield. Average growth of bushes, good ripening of shoots. The bunch is medium in size, cylindrical or conical in shape, medium in density. The berries are medium or large in size, round, with thin skin, sweet, juicy, amber in color, very tasty, with a nutmeg flavor. Grows on any soil. Moderately resistant to mildew and oidium, resistant to gray rot. Frost-resistant. Medium pruning - up to 6 eyes.

Zilga– a very early ripening variety with bisexual flowers. The yield is average, but ripens even in bad years. Vigorous bushes, good ripening of shoots. The bunch is medium, cylindrical, quite dense. The berries are small, slightly oval, dark blue in color, with an Isabella flavor. One of the most frost-resistant varieties. Resistant to pests and diseases. Grapes can remain on the bushes for a long time without losing their good qualities. Short pruning - 4-5 eyes. Suitable for decoration.

Dawn of the North– a technical variety of early ripening with flowers of a functional female type. Productivity is high. The bushes are medium-sized. The ripening of the shoots is good. The bunch is medium, conical or cylindrical-conical, medium density. The berries are medium-sized, round, dark blue in color, with a characteristic waxy coating. High resistance to frost, diseases and pests.

Zapiriri- table variety of very early ripening. Low growing, high yielding. The bunch is dense, cylindrical in shape. The berries are emerald green or white. Frost resistance is average. Resistance to pests and diseases is average.

Isabel- a very popular table and wine variety in the south of Russia, medium-early ripening with bisexual flowers, high-yielding. Satisfactory ripening of shoots. The bunch is medium, almost cylindrical in shape, medium dense. The berries are medium-sized, round-oval in shape, black with a bluish tint, with a dense waxy coating, sweet and sour in taste, with a strawberry aroma. Frost-resistant variety. Resistant against oidium, slightly resistant against mildew. Often used for decoration - one of the best for this purpose. Trimming: short, 6-8 eyes per trellis.

Highlight- an early ripening table grape variety with functionally female flowers. Vigorous, with good ripening of shoots. The bunch is medium, conical in shape, of moderate density. The berries are large, elongated, dark pink in color, fleshy, with a harmonious taste. Sufficiently frost-resistant. Weak resistance to disease.

Queen of the Vineyards (other names Amber, Early Caraburnu)– table variety of early ripening, vine ripening is satisfactory. The flower is bisexual. The bushes are vigorous. Productivity is average. The bunch is large, cylindrical-conical or conical in shape, medium density. The berries are very large, round or oval, golden-amber in color with a slight waxy coating, dense, with a slight nutmeg aroma. Weak frost resistance. Very unstable to mildew, weakly resistant to other diseases. The cut is short.

Cossack woman- technical variety of early ripening with bisexual flowers. Medium height, good ripening of shoots. The bunch is medium, cylindrical-conical in shape, dense. The berries are medium, round, dark blue in color, juicy, with a nutmeg flavor. Frost-resistant, relatively resistant to mildew and poor to gray rot.

Cardinal- a table variety of very early ripening with bisexual flowers. Heat-loving. Productivity is unstable. Medium height, with satisfactory ripening of shoots. The bunch is large, cylindrical-conical, loose. The berries are large, round or oval, sometimes with a beveled top and a small groove on it, violet-red in color, with a smoky waxy coating, pleasant to the taste, with a slight nutmeg aroma. Weakly resistant to frost, as well as to diseases and pests. Trimming for 5-6 eyes. This variety is valuable for its excellent taste and beautiful appearance. But very unstable.

Variety Kodryanka- a table variety of very early ripening. Vigorous, with satisfactory ripening of shoots, high yield. The bunch is medium and large. conical, medium density, mostly winged. The berries are large, oval, black or dark purple. The taste is high - at the level of the best European varieties. Resistant to frost, as well as diseases and pests. Trimming for 5-6 eyes.

Beauty of the North- table variety of very early ripening period. High-yielding, vigorous growing. shoots ripen well. The bunch is large, conical in shape, the density of the bunch is average. The berries are large, slightly oval, white with a pinkish tint in the sun, fleshy and juicy, with thin skin, with a simple harmonious taste. Frost-resistant. Average resistance to gray rot, weak to mildew and oidium. The cut is average. Due to its high folic acid content, it is considered a medicinal grape variety.

Russian Korinka- table, universal variety of very early ripening. Seedless (kishmish). The yield is small, but this is compensated by the excellent taste. Vigorous. The shoots ripen well. The bunch is small, conical, loose, often winged. The berries are small, round, light green with yellowness and tan in the sun or amber-pinkish, with thin skin, very sweet (in terms of sugar content they are comparable to the sweetest southern varieties). Frost resistance is average, disease resistance is satisfactory. The pruning is short, with 3-4 eyes.

Variety Crystal- a technical grape variety with very early ripening and high yield. The bushes are medium-sized. The ripening of the shoots is very good. The bunch is medium, cylindrical-conical or conical in shape, medium density. The berries are medium-sized, oval, yellowish or white in color with a waxy coating, with a pleasant taste, juicy. Increased frost resistance, good disease resistance. The cut is short. Dry table wines are made from these grapes.

Astronaut(synonym – Early Black) - an extremely early ripening table variety with bisexual flowers. Vigorous and not very productive, shoot ripening is average. The bunch is large or medium, conical in shape, medium density. The berries are large, oval, deep purple in color, fleshy, juicy, sweet, with a harmonious taste. Relatively frost-resistant, weakly resistant to pests and diseases.

Laura– an extremely early ripening table variety with functionally female flowers. Medium-sized variety with good ripening of shoots. The bunch is large, conical, loose or medium dense, sometimes even weighing more than a kilogram. The berries are cylindrical or oval, salad-white with a white waxy coating, tanned on the sunny side, with a harmonious taste (in this taste you can feel the varieties of the eastern group in the parents). Frost-resistant variety, resistant to diseases. Medium or short pruning. The variety is very flexible: it is quite easy to care for.

Magarach super early- an early ripening table variety with bisexual flowers. Vigorous variety. The shoots ripen well. The bunch is large, wide-conical, winged, medium density. The berries are medium-sized, slightly oval, white and without seeds (like sultanas). Frost resistance is average.

Malengre early- an early ripening table variety with bisexual flowers. Medium-sized bushes, the vine ripens well. The bunch is medium, cylindrical-conical in shape, small wing, medium density. The berries are medium or small, round or oval, juicy, light yellow or white, with a golden hue in the sun. Weak frost resistance, moderate resistance to mildew, poor resistance to gray rot. Pruning long and medium.

Madeleine Angevin- one of the most common table varieties with functionally female flowers. early ripening, satisfactory yield. Medium height, with good ripening of shoots. The bunch is medium, conical or schrococonical in shape, loose. The berries are medium-sized, round or slightly oval, golden-green or white, juicy, pleasant to taste, with thin, fragile skin. To obtain full-fledged clusters, not only artificial pollination is necessary, but also mixed planting with simultaneously flowering bisexual varieties rich in pollen. Moderately frost-resistant, weak disease resistance. Average pruning – 7-8 eyes.

Variety Michurinsky- an early ripening table variety with bisexual flowers, average yield. Vigorous, good ripening of shoots. The bunch is medium in size, cylindrical-connular in shape, medium in density. The berries are medium-sized, oval, dark red or black, juicy, with a slight nutmeg aroma. Frost-resistant, relatively resistant to gray rot, not resistant to mildew.

Mirage, Kishmish, Rusbol– an early ripening table variety. Vigorous.. The bunch is very large, sometimes up to a kilogram, conical in shape, moderately dense. The berries are medium, oval, white, with a simple harmonious taste. Frost-resistant, very disease resistant. The cut is very short. Suitable for making raisins.

Variety Muscat Moscow– a table variety of very early ripening. Medium-yielding. Vigorous bushes, good ripening of shoots. The bunch is large, cylindrical-conical, medium density. The berries are medium, oval, light green, with a nutmeg flavor. Quite frost-resistant, weakly resistant to diseases. The cut is average.

Moscow sustainable– a universal variety of early ripening. Fruitful, vigorous, shoots ripening well. The bunch is small, conical, loose. The berries are small, round, greenish-white, tanned on the sunny side, juicy, with a nutmeg-pineapple flavor. Frost resistance is high, as is resistance to disease.

Muscat summer- early ripening table variety. Vigorous bushes, vine ripening is good. The bunch is large and very large, cylindrical-conical in shape, of medium density. The berries are large, elongated, amber-white in color, amber in the sun, with a muscat taste, fleshy and juicy. The cut is average. Frost-resistant, well resistant to mildew and weaker to oidium.

Variety Muromets- table variety. High-yielding. The shoots grow and ripen well. The bunch is large, conical in shape, moderate in density. The berries are large, oblong, deep purple in color with a thick blue waxy coating, dense and crisp, with a simple pleasant taste. The variety is characterized by high frost resistance, good resistance to mildew and extremely weak resistance to gray rot and oidium. It can grow not only in mid-latitudes, but also to the north.

Variety Award– a table variety with bisexual flowers. The bushes are vigorous, the shoots ripen well. The bunch is medium in size, cylindrical or cylindrical-conical in shape, high density. The berries are medium-sized, round, dark red in color, with a waxy coating, juicy, and pleasant to the taste. Frost resistance is high. Good resistance to mildew. An excellent pollinator for varieties with functionally female flowers. The berries have the ability to ripen after harvest, especially when the ends of the vines are immersed in water.

Nadezhda Azos– an early-mid-ripening table variety with bisexual flowers. The bushes are vigorous. The cluster is large-medium, conical or branched, of moderate density. The berries are elongated-oval, blue-black in color, harmonious in taste. Good resistance to mildew and gray rot, very good to oidium. Winter hardiness is average or even poor.

Variety Neptune– a table variety with early ripening. Medium height, with good ripening of the vines. The productivity is very high. The bunch is large, branched, low density. The berries are large, slightly oval, red-violet in color, fleshy and juicy, with a tart, pleasant aftertaste. Increased resistance to cracking of berries at high humidity. Frost-resistant, resistant to mildew and gray rot, weakly resistant to oidium. The cut is average.

Variety Special– an early ripening table variety with bisexual flowers. The shoots grow and ripen well. The bunch is medium, conical, medium density. The berries are large, round, white. High frost resistance, good resistance to diseases, except gray rot.

Kuibyshev's firstborn– an early ripening table variety with flowers of a functional female type. The shoots grow and ripen well. The bunch is large, cylindrical-conical, dense. The berries are medium-sized, slightly oval, white. It is completely resistant to frost, as well as pests and diseases.

Memory of Dombkowska(Black seedless winter-hardy) - a table variety of very early ripening. The bushes are vigorous, the yield is high, and the vines ripen well. The bunch is large, dense, winged. The berries are medium size, black, without seeds, with a harmonious taste. Frost-resistant, disease resistant.

Variety Platovsky- technical grade of ultra-early ripening. Growth vigor is average, vine ripening is satisfactory. The bunch is medium, cylindrical-conical, moderately dense. The berries are medium-sized, round, white, pinkish in the sun, with a harmonious taste, juicy. The cut is short. Frost-resistant, moderately resistant to diseases and pests.

Premier variety- a table variety of very early ripening. The bushes are above average height, the shoots ripen well, the yield is good. The bunch is small and medium, conical, loose or of low density. The berries are medium-sized, slightly oval, greenish-white. Winter hardiness is average, disease resistance is average.

Early Magaracha– an early ripening table variety. Vigorous, with good ripening of the vines and good yield. The bunch is medium and large, wide-conical, medium-dense or loose. The berries are medium, black, round and oval. Average frost resistance.

Pink Isabella or Lydia– a table variety of early and medium ripening, characterized by high reliability. High-yielding, very vigorous, excellent ripening of shoots. The bunch is medium, cylindrical-conical, of moderate density. The berries are medium-sized, slightly oval, dark pink or dark red in color, juicy, covered with a lilac bloom, the taste is pleasant, with a strawberry aroma. The taste of berries improves with prolonged aging on the bushes. Frost-resistant, disease resistant. Medium or long cutting.

Pink Tambov- bisexual table variety with mid-early ripening period. Fruitful. Medium height, with good ripening of the vines. The bunch is medium, conical, dense. The berries are medium-sized, round, pink or dark red in color, sweet-sour taste without aftertaste. With high humidity, some berries may crack during ripening.

Pink Chasselas– From white chasla differs only in the color of the berries and shoots.

Variety "Motherland"- bisexual table variety of early ripening. Medium height, good ripening of the vines. The bunch is medium and large. The berry is round, black in color, and has a sweet taste. Winter hardiness is satisfactory. Disease resistance is average.

Russian amber– an early ripening table variety. Medium-sized, shoots ripen satisfactorily, yield is low. The bunch is medium and large, conical, often with a wing, of medium density. The berries are large, oval, white, amber on the sunny side; meaty, juicy, crispy, with a light nutmeg taste. Frost resistance is good, resistant to oidium, weaker to mildew.

Rusven- table variety of very early ripening, very sugary. Vigorous, high-yielding. The shoots ripen well. The bunch is medium and large. The berries are large, light or white in color, tanned in the sun, round, crispy, juicy, with a nutmeg flavor. The skin is thin. Berries can crack if there is high humidity. Frost-resistant. Increased resistance to mildew, instability to gray rot.

Russian early- early ripening table variety. The bushes are vigorous and productive. The shoots grow and ripen satisfactorily. The bunch is medium or large, conical in shape, medium in density. The berries are medium and large, round, dark pink in color, harmonious in taste. The variety is characterized by high frost resistance and disease resistance.

Northern- a universal variety of very early ripening with flowers of a functionally female type. High-yielding. The shoots grow very well and ripen well. The bunch is medium, conical, winged, loose. The berries are medium, round, dark blue in color. Frost-resistant, resistant to pests.

Northern Chasselas– table variety of very early ripening period. Medium-sized, the vine ripens well. The bunch is medium, conical, medium dense. The berries are medium, oval, pink, delicate consistency. Increased frost resistance, average disease resistance..

Variety "Bullfinch"- table variety, early ripening, vigorous, with good ripening of the vines. The bunch is large and dense. The berries are medium, oval, white-pink. Frost resistance and disease resistance are good.

Tavria– a table variety with bisexual flowers. Vigorous, with good ripening of the vines. The bunch is large, cylindrical, medium density. The berries are large, oval, black. The nutmeg flavor of the berries is pronounced. Frost resistance is average, as is resistance to disease.

Taiga variety– a universal table variety with early ripening and high yield. The bunch is small, the berries are dark blue, have a harmonious taste, are very rich in pectin substances, and are considered a medicinal grape variety. They can hang until frost without rotting. Frost-resistant, complexly resistant to diseases.

Timur- a table variety of very early ripening. The bushes are medium and low-growing, with good ripening of shoots. The bunch is large, cylindrical-conical and conical, moderately loose, less often - moderately dense. The berries are large, nipple-shaped or oval, the tips of the berries are pointed, the color is white, an amber tan in the sun. The pulp is crispy, dense, with a nutmeg aroma. Frost resistance is quite strong, disease resistance is high. Pruning is possible both long and short.

Tomaisky (steady Cardinal)- early middle table variety. The bushes are vigorous. Productivity is high. The bunch is medium or large, branched or conical, dense, sometimes weighing more than one kilogram. The berries are large in size, oval in shape, dark red in color, similar in appearance and muscat taste to Cardinal grapes. Frost resistance is average or reduced, resistant to diseases.

Variety Ukraine- a very popular early table variety. Vigorous. The shoots ripen very well. The bunches are large and very large, conical, moderately loose or loose. The berries are large and very large, most often oval, pale pink in color, harmonious taste, fleshy and juicy. Frost-resistant variety, resistant to diseases. Pruning of fruit shoots is medium and long.

Purple early– table variety of medium early ripening period. Medium-sized, with good ripening of shoots. The bunch is medium. The berries are medium-sized, round, dark purple in color, with a fairly bright nutmeg aroma. Frost-resistant variety, resistant to diseases.

Variety "Church Bells"– table variety of very early ripening period. Medium to vigorous, vine ripening is good. The bunch is medium and large. The berries are oval, white-green with yellowness, with a nutmeg aroma. Frost-resistant, disease-resistant.

Black sweet– a table and technical variety of early ripening with bisexual flowers. Medium-sized bushes, shoot ripening is good. The bunch is medium or small in size, cylindrical or cylindrical-conical in shape, high density. The berries are small to medium in size, somewhat oval, dark blue in color with a thick pruin, juicy. Frost resistance is average, susceptible to mildew.

White Chasselas (Golden Chasselas, Chasselas Doré, White Fondant)– table and technical grape variety with bisexual flowers, early ripening period – approximately 125 days. “White Chasselas” is the basis variety for classifying varieties according to ripening time. Very common in all countries. The growth of the bushes is average, the vine ripens well. Productivity is high or average. The bunch is medium, conical and cylindrical-conical, often dense. The berries are medium-sized, round, greenish-white or yellow-green in color with a golden tint, tanned in the sun in the form of brown spots, delicate harmonious taste, melting in the mouth. Frost resistance is average, not very disease resistant. It's better to cut short. Stores in the refrigerator for up to three months.

Chasselas nutmeg– the most valuable variety of “Shasly”, differs from “Shasly WHITE” in weaker growth, lower yield, more wavy leaves, as well as a bright, pronounced aroma of nutmeg. “Shasly Belaya” ripens a week earlier.

Chaslas ramming- an extremely early ripening table variety with bisexual flowers. Growth vigor is average, shoot ripening is good. The bunch is medium, wide-conical, loose. The berries are medium-sized, round, light green with a yellow tint, with a waxy coating, juicy, sweet with a faint strawberry aroma. Frost resistance is good. Resistant to diseases.

Elegant– table variety of very early ripening period. Medium-sized, high-yielding, with good ripening of the vine, with functionally female flowers. The bunch is medium, cylindrical-conical and conical, medium dense. The berries are large, oval with a pointed tip, milky white in color, in the sun with an amber tan, with crispy pulp, with a slight nutmeg taste. Good frost resistance, resistant to mildew and gray rot, not resistant to phylloxera. Trimming for 6-8 eyes.

Aesop grape variety– a stable table variety of very early ripening. The flowers are bisexual. Vigorous, shoots ripen satisfactorily or well. The bunch is large, branched, conical, not very dense. The berries of the variety are large, round-oval, dark purple in color, fleshy, resistant to cracking under high humidity. You need to cut it short and medium. Good frost resistance, disease resistant.

Among the early varieties there are super-early or ultra-early varieties, these include the Augustovsky grape. Bunches of such grapes ripen in 85-95 days. You can try the fresh harvest at the end of July.

The parents of this universal variety are the varieties SV-18-315 and Zhemchug Sabo. It is universal in that it is used both for fresh consumption and for making drinks, such as white Muscat wines, natural grape juices, compotes and others. Its creators advise harvesting in two stages, in which the early table variety is harvested in the first stage, and in the second - to create the above-mentioned drinks.

Its yield indicators of 100-140 c/ha allow this, the ripening of the vine reaches 90%. Medium-sized bushes of this variety have a spreading appearance of the ground part. Augustow grape with a bisexual flower, rounded small light green leaves. Almost solid or three-lobed...

the leaves have a slightly vesicular blade, the edges of which bend upward. The clusters are medium-small, with an average weight of 130-200g.

The berries are also classified as medium and small, because their weight is only 2.5-3g.

The best grape varieties for central Russia: choosing table, uncovered and early varieties

They have an elliptical shape and a greenish-white dense skin, thanks to which they do not crack. Under the skin lies a crisp, juicy flesh with a slightly nutmeg aroma. Sugar content 17-20%, acidity 5-6 g/l. The fruits of this variety, having ripened at the end of July, can hang on the bush until October, while maintaining their taste. He succeeds in this thanks to his decent resistance to gray rot.

Its resistance to disease is estimated at 2.0-2.5 points. One or two sprays are enough to combat mildew. It also shows leniency towards phylloxera. It survives the winter without additional shelter, as it has increased resistance to low temperatures down to -26 degrees. At the same time, the yield of the variety is good, ranging from 70-80 c/ha. If you trim the bush short, it will be able to bear 40-45 buds.

(1 votes, average: 5.00 out of 5)

Augustovskiy grapes
Vine.

The passion for growing grapes in places far from their original growing areas has possessed gardeners since the times of Peter the Great. And the secret of success has always been the same - to choose the right variety, which would have enough summer heat to ripen the berries. And covering the vine for the winter is a matter of technique.

The first grape varieties for places unusual for this culture were obtained by I. Michurin.

Two of its winter-hardy and early-ripening varieties are Buitur and Amursky- cultivated in Moscow even without shelter for the winter, without removing it from the trellis.

They produce a large harvest of small sour berries with a strawberry aroma, from which original juice and wine are made.

Thanks to the high frost resistance of the vine, powerful growth and large leaves, these varieties are an excellent material for decorating various buildings: decorating gazebos and building garden walls.

Frost-resistant grape varieties for the middle zone

Michurin's followers L. Shtin and I. Filippenko achieved even greater success in the selection of northern grapes.

They created a whole group frost-resistant grape varieties for the middle zone of early and very early ripening:

• Pearl white,
• Lilac pearls,
• Russian Corinka,
• Beauty of the North (Olga),
• Astronaut,
• Space,
• Muscovite,
• Muscat is stable,
• Muromets,
• Russian amber,
• Early Vavilova,
• Tambov white,
• Blue fog.

The first of these varieties to ripen Russian Korinka. Its berries are small, but seedless, and in terms of sugar content (up to 25%), this variety can be compared with the sweetest southern varieties. The color of the berries is golden, the skin is very thin.

Almost simultaneously with Korinka, the variety ripens Astronaut. Its clusters are large (about 200 g), the berries are large, dark purple, and sweet. There are few seeds and they are small.

Has similar fruit quality Muromets. Slightly inferior to the listed varieties in terms of berry taste Beauty of the North, but it is distinguished by higher yield, large bunches and white berries.

For the Moscow, Tula, Kaluga, Tambov, and Oryol regions, the following varieties are recommended:

• Isabel,
• Aleshenkin,
• Skhodnensky,
• Braza-1,
• Anniversary of Novgorod.

Variety Isabel winters well without any shelter. It stands out for its high yield of sweet, strawberry-flavored berries.

Does not require shelter at all and the variety Skhodnensky. Its berries are small, but sweet, with a strawberry aroma. Minimum shelter required Braza-1 And Jubilee Novgorod.

Aleshenkin- one of the sweetest varieties in the middle zone, which also stands out for its very large bunch - up to 600 g, and sometimes up to one and a half kilograms. The berries are white, with an amber tint, and large. The harvest in favorable years reaches 10 kg per bush.

It’s hard to imagine northern viticulture without the varieties created at the Timiryazev Academy: very early ripening - Gift from TSHA, Muscat Moscow(large brush, almost up to 500 g), Moscow sustainable; early maturation – Madeleine pineapple, Squeen's Dream(high sugar content), Moscow white.

Grape varieties by L. Strelyaeva from Bashkiria

The best grape varieties for central Russia

Strelyaeva from Bashkiria are suitable for all regions of Russia. It is important that they not only stand out for their winter hardiness, but are also table-type varieties.

Alexander: average vine vigor; cylindrical bunch weighing 140-200 g; harvest per bush 6-7 kg; cherry blossom berry; sugar content 18%, acid - 1.4%, vitamin C - 29 mg%.

Bashkir: strong vine growth; loose bunch weighing 70-100 g; harvest per bush 7-9 kg; the berry is dark blue with a strong waxy coating; sugar content 16%, acid - 1.1%, vitamin C - 20 mg%.

Basil: average vine vigor; compact bunch weighing 140-200 g; black berry of elongated shape; early ripening; sugar content 16%.

To obtain a harvest, the sum of active (above 10 °C) average daily temperatures for very early varieties should be 2000-2200 degrees, for very early varieties - 2200-2400 degrees, for early varieties - 2400-2600 degrees. Find out the temperature conditions where you live and decide which of these varieties is suitable for growing specifically for you.

Some subtleties of growing grapes in the middle zone

When growing grapes in unsuitable climates, amateur gardeners often come up with original techniques.

For example, even before planting seedlings on the north side of the bed along its entire length install screen 70-100 cm high, made of boards covered with tin and painted green (you can paint it black, but such a building will look gloomy).

Firstly, such a screen does not allow the cold north wind to pass through. Secondly, it heats up in the sun and thereby creates a microclimate favorable for grapes.

At a distance of 30-50 cm from the screen, approximately in the middle of the bed, planting grape seedlings.

20-30 cm from them on each side they dig a groove 25 cm deep and 15 cm wide, where they place dark bottles upside down- so that they rise 3-5 cm above the soil surface (it is better to use 0.75 liter containers, champagne bottles are especially good). They are placed close to each other and soil is added - a solar battery is obtained, the heat from which is transferred to the soil to a depth of more than 30 cm.

Grapes can be successfully grown throughout almost the entire territory of Russia.

The best grape varieties for the Moscow region and central Russia

The main thing is to choose the right variety. Varieties for “northern” viticulture must be very early or early ripening. What can modern selection offer to amateur winegrowers from these regions?

"Harold"- an ultra-early variety that deserves a place on every site. Ripens July 20–25, the bunch is large, up to 700 grams or more, moderately loose. The berry is large, 6–7 g, oval, white, has a wonderful taste with a light nutmeg aroma. Ripe clusters can remain on the bush for a long time (but are not preserved - they are quickly eaten by children). The shoots ripen early, by 80% or more, which guarantees a high harvest next year. Very good resistance to mildew, oidium, gray rot. Frost resistance down to –25 °C. It also bears fruit abundantly on its shoots, which is valuable for obtaining a harvest if the bush suffers from late spring frosts. No matter how hard you try, you will not find the weaknesses of the variety. Grapes "Harold" will not let you down and will not disappoint you!

"White Miracle"- variety No. 2 for “northern” viticulture. However, even in the south it is valued by amateur winegrowers. Very early ripening, August 1–5. The bunch is very large (up to 1.5 kg or more), elegant, moderately loose. The berry is very large, on average 7–9 g, but with good care it can be up to 15 g, white, round (slightly oval). The pulp is fleshy and juicy, the taste is very pleasant, refreshing, the hand itself reaches for the next berry. The shoots ripen very well. High resistance to mildew, oidium, gray rot. Frost resistance down to –25 °C. The disadvantages include the low transportability and fragility of the annual vine (try to leave vines that are convenient to lay and cover for fruiting). Plant it - you won't regret it!

"The Beauty of Nikopol"- the variety is one of the first to ripen. The clusters are large and very large, up to 1 kg or more, marketable. The berries are large, 6–7 g, round and oval, dark purple, very good taste. Reliable variety. Its high vitality is expressed in strong, almost explosive growth in the spring, the formation of a large number of inflorescences (we recommend leaving one lower inflorescence per shoot), and very good ripening of the shoots. In any year you will have a harvest! It is quite resistant to mildew and gray rot, but it is moderately affected by oidium; 2-3 treatments with fungicides are necessary. Frost resistance –21…–22 °C. The variety undoubtedly deserves the attention of lovers in the northern viticulture zone.

"Laura"- a legendary variety. Has shown high efficiency throughout Russia. If you don't have one yet, you're missing out. Very early ripening (in the first ten days of August). The clusters are very large, rarely less than 1 kg, medium density, very impressive. The berries are very large, 8–10 g, oval, milky white, pleasant taste. The pulp is dense, accumulates up to 23% sugars with an acidity of 5–6 g/l. Resistant to mildew, oidium, gray rot, anthracnose. Frost resistance down to –23 °C. Responsive to a high level of agricultural technology. With good care and a large supply of wood, the size of the bunches is up to 3 kg or more, and the berries reach 12–15 g! The flower is functionally female, but the berry set is excellent, the best pollinator is “Rusbol”. Requires normalization of inflorescences (leave one, the lower bunch for the shoot, every 4th shoot - without inflorescences).

"Kishmish 342"- one of the earliest ripening seedless varieties (perhaps only Reliance Pink Seeds and Veles sultanas ripen earlier), ripens in early August. The clusters are medium and large, 500–700 g, cylindrical-conical, medium density. The berries are medium, 3 g, white-golden, ovoid. The pulp is fleshy and juicy, high in sugar, with a pleasant, harmonious taste. The bushes are vigorous, the shoots ripen very well. Productivity is high. Mildew resistant. No gray mold lesions were observed. But it is affected by oidium to a moderate degree; 2-3 treatments with fungicides are needed. Frost resistance down to –25 °C. As a very early ripening seedless variety, it deserves the attention of winegrowers in the middle zone and to the north.

These five main varieties should be in every vineyard in the middle zone and further north. Below is a brief description of other promising varieties for these areas.

"Transfiguration"- very early ripening. Bunches up to 1.5 kg or more, conical, moderately loose, highly marketable. The berries are very large, 12–20 g, oval, pink, harmonious taste. Quite resistant to fungal diseases, frost resistance down to –21 °C.

"Realigns Pink Seeds"- translated as “reliable, pink, seedless.” Ripens at the end of July. Clusters 150 g, cylindrical-conical, moderately dense. The berries are small, 2 g, completely seedless, pink, extremely pleasant taste. Children's favorite. Resistant to mildew, oidium, frost resistance down to –27 °C.

"Rochefort"- ripens at the end of July. Clusters up to 500 g, moderately dense. Berries 6–8, up to 10–12 g, black, round, harmonious taste. Resistant to mildew, oidium, frost resistance down to –25 °C. A very promising form in all viticulture zones.

"Superextra"- ripens in late July - early August.

The clusters are very large, up to 1 kg or more, moderately dense. The berries are very large, 8–10 g, white, yellow when fully ripe, with high sugar accumulation. Highly resistant to mildew, oidium, gray rot. Frost resistance down to –25 °C. It makes sense to plant on the site.

"Summer Muscat"- ripens in mid-August. The clusters are large, up to 1 kg, moderately loose. The berries are large, 7–9 g, white, rounded and elongated, of excellent taste, with a very pleasant nutmeg aroma. Productivity is high. Resistant to mildew and gray rot. The bunches of “Summer Muscat” are eaten first.

"Anniversary of the Kherson summer resident"- ripens in early August. The clusters are large, up to 1 kg or more, moderately dense. The berries are large, 7–9 g, elongated, pink, harmonious in taste. High-yielding. It is characterized by very high resistance to diseases, frost resistance down to –25 °C. As if it was specially created for the northern viticulture zone.

"Anniversary of Novocherkassk"- very early ripening. The clusters are huge, 800–1500 g, conical, moderately dense. The berries are very large, 12–18 g, white-pink, elongated, tasty. Quite resistant to diseases, frost resistance down to –23 °C.

As you can see, winegrowers in central Russia have plenty to choose from. Know that grapes are the most reliable crop. The varieties described above, lightly covered, can withstand any winter without damage and bear fruit every year. The same, alas, cannot be said about fruit trees. Plant grapes! Good luck to you in growing this crop!

A. L. Dmitriev,
head of experimental breeding farm,
Volgograd

Today, the northern grape variety, called Amur, is becoming increasingly popular. Its main advantage is excellent resistance to fungal diseases and frost. Many summer residents, especially those who live in unfavorable conditions, use only this grape variety, since it is well preserved and produces a bountiful harvest. In this article we will look at Amur grapes, variety description and photo.

Amur grapes - variety description, photo

Amur grapes - features of the variety

As for external characteristics, the plant has some similarities with a wild vine.

It is a strong deciduous vine bearing edible clusters of fruit. It is often planted near large buildings, arches or fences, since its long tendrils are able to support the considerable weight of the branches.

The Amur grape variety is a real salvation for novice winemakers. Not only is it not afraid of transplants and escapes, it also easily adapts to any conditions and tolerates the cold without pain. Where to buy planting material? Give preference to specialized stores that provide a guarantee on seedlings and are engaged in their professional breeding.

High-quality seedlings are the key to a successful harvest

The taste of the berries is excellent. You will be able to enjoy not only the excellent sweet taste of fresh grapes, but also high-quality wine. Amur grapes are often compared to wild ones.

Review of the best grape varieties for the middle zone

Why? In autumn, the foliage of the plant turns fiery red, which greatly decorates the surrounding area.

Before buying a seedling, you need to understand the grape varieties:

• Amur breakthrough. It is characterized by resistance to many diseases and frosts. The berries are dark in color and may have pronounced pigmentation. The berries have a sugary taste, so the hybrid is often used for making juices and wine.

Amur breakthrough

• Amur "Triumph". The fruits ripen around the end of April and are large in size and light in color. They resist pest attacks and tolerate diseases well. The variety does not require special care, only regular watering and nutrition.

Amur "Triumph"

• Amursky "Voldemar". Outwardly, it looks more like wild grapes. It is characterized by a strong, tall vine and dark green leaves. The berries are small in size and finally ripen by September.

Amursky "Voldemar"

• Golden Potapenko– one of the most successful varieties of Amur grapes. It is the fruits of this species that are most often used to create wine. The sugar content of berries can reach 25% - an ideal indicator for creating a good drink.

Golden Potapenko

Amur grapes - planting and care

Planting grapes can be done in several ways: using seeds or cuttings. The last option is the most suitable and effective. Cuttings should be planted in the fall, around mid-October. For quick adoption and good growth, the soil must be loose and acidic. The amount of mineral supplements plays an important role.

Caring for Amur grapes includes:

1. Choosing a suitable location. Like any grape, this variety also needs sufficient sunlight. It is recommended to choose an open place in your summer cottage, without shade or drafts.
2. Watering. It is advisable to use warm water for irrigation, especially during the fruiting period. If the summer is too dry, then the grapes should be watered twice a week. Otherwise, one is enough.
3. Fertilizers. It is strictly forbidden to use organic fertilizers, as they can cause many diseases.

Breeders were able to create ideal grapes that do not require complex care. The main thing that summer residents need to remember is a sufficient amount of moisture, which directly affects the density and juiciness of the berries.

Amur grapes, description of the variety, photo - this is what will help you get a good, abundant and high-quality harvest. We hope that our tips will help you grow juicy and sweet berries in your summer cottage.

Grapes are very popular among gardeners in Central Russia, in the Moscow region and more northern regions. Today we’ll talk about varieties that are suitable for growing in the middle zone.

The “child” of a sunny, warm area is the culture of its place and climate. Until recently, the crop was perceived by gardeners in the Moscow region and central Russia as a material for landscape design. However, thanks to the efforts of breeders, grape varieties have emerged that are adapted to growing conditions in various regions with more severe conditions. In particular, their climatic features are taken into account here: long frosty winters, late spring with frosts, short-term summer heat, cool autumn.

One of the successful “pioneers” of plant hybridization for these regions was the Russian biologist I.V. Michurin. He is the author of the frost-resistant mid-late variety Buitur (brave bull), capable of growing even without any shelter for the winter.

As you know, half the success of growing grapes depends on the right choice of variety. When choosing modern varieties, it is important to proceed from one of the main criteria - the timing (time) of ripening of the vines and berries. It assumes optimal conditions, namely:

• the correct choice of a frost-resistant variety with certain taste characteristics, expected yield, and expected labor costs;
• thoughtful selection of an area that is well lit and protected from cold air;
• compliance with the rules of planting and caring for bushes;
• the possibility of early full ripening of fruits (August-September) before a significant cold snap;
• lignification of the vine after harvesting for safe overwintering;
• do not allow immature branches to “enter” into the winter in order to avoid their freezing even with a slight drop in temperature.

Features of grape varieties

In the genus Vitis, ampelographs include about 80 species and almost 20,000 cultivars. Based on the intended purpose of the grapes, there is the following division:

Dining room

Table grapes, which are consumed fresh and have medicinal properties. It stands out with large clusters of attractive colorful aromatic berries of various shapes and is not intended for winemaking. During the breeding process, attention is paid to filling the clusters, achieving large fruit size, and reducing their acidity. The yield level here depends on climatic conditions, soil and compliance with agricultural practices during cultivation.

Technical (wine)

Technical (wine) is an excellent raw material for making juices, compotes, wine, and cognac. It also retains its qualities in dried form (sultanas, raisins, currants). Its distinctive feature is the high specific gravity of the juice (up to 85% relative to the mass of the berry), and less fullness of the bunch. Here, the biological and chemical composition of the fruit, the method of cultivation, and not the external beauty of the bunches, as with table varieties, are in favor.

The advantages of this group are sweet, thick-skinned berries with seeds, containing a large amount of juice, and disease resistance.

The quality of products made from industrial grapes depends on the place where they grow. Therefore, there is a division into local (native) and transplanted (introduced) varieties.

When characterizing the appearance of table grapes, one can note its brightness and presentability, and technical grapes – a certain simplicity and uncomplicatedness.

Along with these most popular varieties among gardeners, there are also universal varieties that are suitable both for fresh consumption and for making good wine. They differentiate according to other characteristics (decorative, rootstock varieties, covering/uncovering, etc.).

In each of these groups, varieties that meet the above criteria and their intended purpose are widely represented. They are best adapted to the climate of the Moscow region and the entire Central Russia.

The best grape varieties for the Middle Zone with photos

The concept of “best” presupposes the presence of excellent taste and juiciness of the berries, resistance to frost and disease. Important criteria for the compliance of grapes with regional characteristics are the timing of fruit ripening, lignification of shoots, and accumulation of the required volume of substances before wintering. Based on this, the choice is made in favor of early grapes. After all, these varieties require from 85 to 125 days to ripen the berries from the beginning of the “revival” of the eyes on the vine. If this happens from the end of April/beginning of May, then from the second ten days of August - mid-September you can savor the ripe berries.

However, even among this group you can choose ultra-early varieties with ripening periods of up to 95 days (mid-August - first ten days of September).

Table grape varieties for the Middle Zone with photos

Experienced gardeners respond most positively to frost-resistant, early varieties such as:

Aleshenkin

Aleshenkin has slightly oval large and medium-sized fruits of amber color with a white “patina”. They are filled with sweet-tasting crispy pulp. Their ripening, like that of the vine, does not cause any trouble, even under unfavorable conditions for many grape varieties. High yields require adjustment of the brushes.

Delight

Delight is valuable for its spherical, massive, juicy yellow berries and high level of sugar content. Very resistant to frost and disease, does not require shelter.

Diana

Diana is the “brainchild” of North American breeders. Possessing large cone-shaped clusters, it has small fruits of pale pink color. Their taste is somewhat reminiscent of the familiar Isabella. It is considered one of the leaders among non-covering varieties for our climate, because it can withstand cold -30°C.

The Malengra seedling, bred by I. Michurin, has medium-sized berries with delicate golden-green thin skin. Depending on the quality of pollination, the yield may vary. This variety is often used for breeding early/extra-early varieties as a mother form.

Pleven nutmeg

Pleven nutmeg is the result of the work of Bulgarian breeders from the city of Plevna. The advantages include the large size of oblong amber-yellow berries, rich in juicy pulp with a pleasant taste and aroma of nutmeg.

Codrianca

Codriana of Moldavian selection has large purple fruits, high frost resistance and does not need shelter for the winter. In terms of taste, it competes worthy with the best varieties of Europe.

Laura

Laura (official name - Flora) is a hybrid form created by Ukrainian breeders by crossing Hamburg Muscat, SV 20-473, Odessa small and Husaine. Oval, very large light berries have dense, tasty pulp, sugary juice (23%).

Choosing just early table grapes, we suggest paying attention to such varieties as:

Arcadia (Nastya)

Arcadia or Nastya is considered one of the best forms of Russian selection. The sugar content of berries that are quite large in size and weight, amber in color, and have the shape of a pointed egg, exceeds 20%. They are collected in massive clusters that can weigh up to 2 kg. Withstands frosts down to -25°C.

Victoria

Victoria also has large clusters with not very densely spaced pink fruits. They are attractive for their juiciness and taste. This uncovered grape is characterized by 100% early ripening, excellent presentation and transportability.

Malengre (precox)

Malengre (precox) has established itself as one of the most worthy among the uncovered forms in terms of high yield. However, its small oval light green berries with pulp that melts in your mouth, although covered with thick skin, do not tolerate transportation well. It is quite capricious in wet weather (cracking of fruits, rotting). This variety is often used to cross with other table grapes free of these problems.

Northern

Northern by its very name explains its high frost-resistant qualities (down to -30°C). It is valued for the absence of the need for shelter for the winter, high yields, full ripening in the early stages, and immunity to diseases. It has medium-sized round dark blue berries collected in cone-shaped loose clusters.

Grape varieties: video

Wine (technical) varieties with photos

Many “hoppy” wines are designated by the names of varieties (Aligote, Cabernet, Cahors, Kadarka, Riesling, etc.). However, not all representatives of the genus Vitis can be grown in our conditions. Most often, experienced gardeners and winemakers in the Middle Zone grow white and dark-berry varieties: August ChP, Bruskal, Dobrynya, Magic, Muscat Zolotisty, Rannyaya Zorka, Rondo, etc. This range is constantly being supplemented with varieties by domestic and foreign breeders, worthy of the attention of experienced “techies” and beginners .

Crystal

A crystal with clusters of cylindrical/conical shape, on which medium-sized light berries are loosely arranged. Used to make dry table wines.

Platovsky nutmeg

Platovsky nutmeg with colorless (white) juicy fruits, “dressed” in a thick peel. In the sun they acquire pinkish tones. They are frost-resistant, transportable and have excellent marketability. At the same time, they are somewhat unstable against pests and diseases.

Siegerrebe

Siegerrebe - a variety bred by German breeders. It is interesting for its high frost resistance and resistance to various diseases. Its pink berries with a sugar content of about 28% produce aromatic, high-quality wines, juices and other drinks.

Solaris

Solaris, like its ultra-early predecessor, comes from Germany. It has light green berries containing the same level of sugar. Wines made from Solaris are a mix of nut and pineapple aromas.

Amethyst

Amethyst - created by domestic breeders and can withstand down to -35°C. The berries are purple to black in color and grow to medium size. They have a subtle scent of chokeberry, nutmeg, and blueberry. It is good for both monovin and sepage (mixtures with clones of the same variety group).

Bacchus

Bacchus (Germany) – yellowish-salad, oval, medium-sized berries with a delicate aroma of nutmeg. And extractive wines already made from it acquire a floral-fruity aroma.

Bianca

Bianka is a “native” of Hungary with greenish-yellow berries, juicy pulp, thin skin. They have a delicate, balanced taste, clearly manifested in juices, compotes and, especially, dessert/dry wines. The ability of the berries to ripen even after harvesting is noteworthy.

Nadezhda Altaiskaya

Nadezhda Altaiskaya, whose taste is reminiscent of late-ripening Arcadia. It has large, elegant clusters with large berries that ripen in the last ten days of August.

F – 14–75

F – 14–75 – this is one of the least problematic forms for the middle zone. The many advantages of nutmeg-flavored berries exceed their small size. They often ripen in early August.

Along with grapes intended for processing into various drinks, universal varieties are also grown in our area. They can be used both as “wine” and as tableware. These are such hybrids as: Gailyune (Golden Barrel), Zilga, Isabella large-fruited, Tambov Riesling, Shatilova 2-72, Express and some others.

Technical grape varieties: video

Growing technology includes such simple processes as:

1. Determining the time for landing. The best time to start work in the cold climate of our region is the first ten days of May. A guide can be the time before the first leaves appear on the trees.
2. Choosing a landing site. The best option is a well-lit, sunny area, protected from the north wind. Such an obstacle can be fences, walls of the house on the south side, or a specially installed screen. It is important to ensure movement, not stagnation of air.
3. Soil preparation at the selected location begins before planting seedlings and cuttings (2-3 weeks before). It consists of loosening the earth (digging), creating not very deep holes or trenches and laying drainage in them. These can be small pebbles, pieces of crushed brick, etc.

Then fertilize the soil with manure or compost at the rate of 1 bucket per 1 m², superphosphate (up to 250 g/m²). If necessary, to neutralize, i.e. reduce the acidity of the earth (pH level from 6 to 7), a little lime should be added (200 g/m²).

After this, build a support up to 3 m high. These can be columns located at a distance of up to 2.5 m from each other. You should immediately stretch several rows of wire between them (the bottom one is above ground level up to 0.5 m, the rest - 30 cm). They will be needed to attach future branches.

1. Planting seedlings carried out at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the fence with intervals between rows of plants - 2 m. In this case, the place of grafting of grapes should be above the soil level. After planting, seedlings attached to the support and sprinkled with soil must be watered abundantly. To avoid drying out of the planting site, the moistened soil should be mulched with manure/humus/sawdust.
2. Watering. In general, grapes are quite resistant to lack of moisture due to the fact that the roots penetrate deep into the ground. However, in hot summer weather it is necessary to “water” young grapes generously at least 5 times during the season. In this case, the top layer of soil should be covered with mulch.
3. : 1 – after harvesting in the fall, 2 – after opening in the spring with the removal of damaged/frozen shoots. To form a full-fledged bush, you need to leave more buds on thick annual shoots, and fewer on thin shoots. This is explained by the need to create conditions for the development of branches and increased fruiting on them.
4. to avoid the threat of freezing. An exception may be non-covering varieties. When preparing for winter, before the first frost, you need to remove the remaining leaves, trim the branches and remove them from the trellises. The base of the bush is hilled up, and if there is an existing graft, it is completely covered with earth. Then all the branches are not very tightly tied, laid on the ground, wrapped in spruce branches, agrofibre or other insulating materials. The whole thing is covered with roofing felt on top. In the reverse order, the grapes are gradually opened only in the spring.

Following simple rules for choosing seedlings for your plot, planting and caring for them allows you to “taste the fruits” of your labor in just a couple of years.

Many gardeners are engaged in viticulture, both in the south and in regions with harsh climatic conditions. Every year, breeders delight gardeners with new species that have all the qualities for successful cultivation throughout Russia. For the regions of the Middle Zone, crops with early and super-early ripening, rapid growth and well-ripened shoots are suitable. We offer you grape varieties for central Russia with detailed descriptions, main advantages and photos.

Grapes for the middle zone must be frost-resistant

Table hybrids

This group includes the best hybrids that are grown for consumer purposes, as well as for preparing delicious drinks. The harvest of these varieties has excellent aroma and taste.

Agate Donskoy

• A vigorous crop with a high degree of resistance to diseases and severe frosts.
• The fruits are large, spherical, dark blue in color, very sweet, fleshy and aromatic. The clusters are large, medium density, cone shaped.
• The shoots are characterized by good development and growth. The fruitfulness of the branches is up to 80%.
• Despite the fact that this crop rarely gets sick, the bushes are periodically sprayed for preventative purposes in early spring and late autumn.

Variety Agat Donskoy

If you choose the best uncovered grape varieties for the Middle Zone, then you should opt for this particular crop.

Victoria

This is an early ripening table variety. Plants are small in size. Almost one hundred percent ripening of branches. The grape bunches are massive, not dense. The fruits are large, bright pink in color, with dense, very juicy pulp and amazing taste.

Victoria grapes - commercial variety

Main advantages:

• Fertility.
• Large-fruited.
• Increased level of resistance to fungus and infections.
• High quality harvest.
• Transportability and excellent presentation of the crop.
• High degree of winter hardiness.

Delight

Table, ultra-early ripening species with medium height and intensive shoot growth. This variety is valued for its large fruit, high degree of resistance to cold, viruses and infections, as well as ease of care.

The berries are massive, yellow in color, spherical, juicy and with a very high percentage of sugar content. The brushes are conical, large and of moderate density.

Vostorg grapes - the most resistant of varieties

This plant is practically not damaged by gray mold, mildew and oidium, and therefore does not require preventive spraying during the growth process.

Diana

Valuable early ripening table hybrid. Main characteristics: average growth of bushes, excellent ripening of shoots, high taste. It was bred by breeders from North America. The clusters are massive, cylindrical or cone-shaped with medium density.

The berries are small, spherical, pale pink in color with slimy contents and a flavor similar to that of Isabella grapes.

The Diana variety differs in the size of the bunches

If you choose the best early, uncovered grape varieties for the regions of the Middle Zone, then you should buy seedlings of this particular variety, since its winter hardiness reaches thirty degrees below zero.

Pleven stable

A unique species intended for cultivation in regions with harsh winters. This plant was bred by Bulgarian breeders as a result of crossing two species - Pleven and Vilar Blanc.

The Pleven grape is resistant, although it was bred in Bulgaria, but is not afraid of frost

Main advantages:

• Fertility.
• High frost resistance.
• Good survival rate of seedlings.
• Low maintenance requirements.
• Not susceptible to peas.

Berries with amazing taste, excellent marketability and the ability to be transported over long distances.

Codrianca

Table form with very early fruit ripening. A distinctive feature of this crop is its large fruit, high resistance to severe winters, excellent quality of fruits and their excellent marketability. Thanks to these qualities, this variety began to be cultivated in almost all regions of the country. According to the taste characteristics of berries, the Kodryanka variety is equal to the best European varieties.

The Kodryanka variety ripens in early autumn

But the most important advantage of this form of grapes is the medicinal properties of the berries, due to their high content of folic acid.

Queen of Grapes

Early ripening form of grapes. This is a capricious crop, weakly resistant to diseases, so during the growing process it must be treated with chemicals against diseases.

The clusters are large, loose, cylindrical or conical in shape. The berries are very sweet, round or egg-shaped, amber, with a thick skin and a nutmeg flavor.

Queen of the Vineyards - a very productive Hungarian variety

Average degree of resistance to diseases and frost. Therefore, during the wintering period the bushes need shelter.

Technical varieties

There are a great many varieties of this group. It is represented by hybrids with different taste qualities, color and aroma of fruits, which are grown to make delicious drinks.

Lydia

One of the oldest varieties, which is very popular among gardeners. The berries are purple in color, spherical or oval in shape with an amazing, pronounced strawberry aroma. The clusters are small with moderate density.

The Lydia variety has very sweet berries

The improvement in the taste of berries increases with their long-term presence on the bush.

Main advantages:

• Easy to care for.
• The productivity indicator is high.
• Increased resistance to grape diseases.
• Large fruit.
• High quality fruits.

This is one of the most popular varieties, which is cultivated to produce tasty and aromatic wines.

Isabel

Grown throughout Russia. This is a wine hybrid with medium-early berry ripening. High-yielding crop with satisfactory ripening of branches. The brushes are small, cylinder-shaped with a medium density. The berries are not large, oval with a blackish-gray tint and a waxy coating on the surface of the skin. A distinctive feature of this species is the strawberry taste of the fruit.

The bushes are not covered and tolerate wintering well, withstanding up to twenty-seven six frosts.

Isabella grapes produce the best wine

This is one of the few crops that is grown not only for industrial, but also for decorative purposes.

Bianca

A technical crop cultivated for the production of dry, semi-sweet, dessert and fortified wines.

The bushes are small. Medium size brushes with moderate looseness. The fruits are small, light yellow in color, spherical or oval, juicy with a harmonious taste. The harvest can be stored on the shoots for a long time without losing its taste and marketability.

The Bianca variety has very beautiful clusters

The shoots ripen well. Due to its good frost resistance, this species is successfully cultivated in the northern regions.

The bushes are not covered, are resistant to diseases and do not require preventive chemical treatments.

Platovsky nutmeg

This variety is grown to produce wines with a muscat aroma. Characterized by ultra-early harvest ripening. The bushes are medium-sized, the shoots ripen well.

Platovsky Muscat is used to make Muscat wines

The brushes are medium-sized, cone- or cylinder-shaped, loose. The fruits are white, juicy, sweet in taste with thick skin, good transportability and excellent marketability. It has good frost resistance and weak resistance to diseases and pests.

Zilga

An ultra-early winter-hardy species with an average but stable yield and good ripening of the vines.

The bushes are small with conical or cylindrical-conical clusters of medium density. The berries are spherical, purple in color, covered with a waxy coating.

Zilga is a very unpretentious grape for the middle zone

Main advantages:

• Large fruit.
• High degree of frost resistance.
• Practically not damaged by diseases and pests.
• Long-term storage of fruits, possibility of transportation over long distances.
• Excellent raw material for making wines and juices.

Northern

Universal, early ripening form of grapes. It is valued for its high yield, 100% ripening of vines and resistance to diseases. The bushes are not covered.

The Northern variety can be grown without shelter

The berries are dark blue in color, medium in size, round in shape. The cysts are loose, cone-shaped, small in size.

The main advantage of this crop is its high degree of frost resistance - it can withstand up to twenty-nine degrees below zero. Therefore, the Northern variety is suitable for cultivation in any region of the country.

selomoe.ru

The best uncovered grape varieties for the middle zone

Uncovered grape varieties for the Moscow region and the middle zone are an excellent option for the local climate, since often the air temperature in a given area in the summer is often above +30ºС. Professional breeders themselves claim that such a variety does not exist; it is only a conventional name to distinguish between uncovered and covered grapes, which can be determined when choosing a vine.

However, there are a number of varieties that relate specifically to uncovered grapes:

1. F 14-75 - adapts well to the conditions of the Moscow region climate, but the fruits of this variety are small in size.
2. Laura - loves warm climates, but tolerates cold quite well, has large grape fruits.
3. Shunya - clusters of dark pink color, large size, ripen by August.
4. Nadezhda Aksayskaya - the variety quickly takes root. The clusters are large and ripen at the end of August.

There are other varieties of this species that are excellent for growing in the Moscow region.

Uncovered varieties

In order to grow a heat-loving grape variety in central Russia, a lot of effort will be required. The difficulty is that the vine constantly needs warmth. If previously the coverless variety was grown only for decorative purposes, then today, thanks to the cultivation of early and very early crops, it has become possible to plant grapes in the Moscow region, where the climate is relatively cool.

Summer residents should choose a special place for planting uncovered grape varieties, where there are no drafts, and at the same time, the area should be well illuminated by sunlight. Vines will germinate in almost any soil, but to speed up the process it is advisable to fertilize them.

Grapes Laura

The climate of the Moscow region is not the most favorable for growing grapes, however, in the north of the country the situation is even worse. This is due to the fact that the first half of summer is hot, and at the end of the season it often rains. But it is during this period that the grapes begin to ripen, and in rainy weather they begin to crack and rot.

Therefore, for the Moscow region, certain varieties of grapes are needed - early ripening and with good taste. Breeders have developed new early ripening varieties that ripen before the onset of the rainy season.

In addition, growing grapes in the Moscow region has its advantages over the south:

1. Winter-hardy grape varieties produce good yields.
2. The plant does not get sick very often.
3. Pests are not as active as in the south.
4. No careful maintenance required.
5. For planting grapes in the Moscow region, you can select several varieties.

Shunya grapes

But there are certain conditions for planting a vineyard. Given the frosty winters and long springs, frost-resistant crops are chosen. In the Moscow region you can also grow grapes in greenhouses. If the vine ripens quickly, then these are frost-resistant grape varieties, for example: Nadezhda Aksayskaya, Victor, Victoria, Shunya, Pervozvanny, etc. If you choose frost-resistant grape varieties for the more harmful zone, then focus on the lowest temperatures possible in your region.

Planting and caring for grapes in the middle zone

When planting, it is necessary to take into account the fact that frosts can begin very early. Therefore, it is necessary to create such conditions so that the buds bloom faster, the vine gets stronger and prepares for frosty days:

1. The soil is selected and the time for planting the seedling is calculated.
2. Choose a sunny area without strong gusts of wind, for example, the south or southwest side. Here the grapes will be comfortable, and there should be more fruit.
3. The distance between planted frost-resistant grapes and other crops and trees must be at least 5 m. The area must be level.

In order for the seedling to take root in harsh climatic conditions, preliminary preparation is carried out:

1. First, the cuttings are soaked in water for 10-15 hours.
2. The upper roots of the plant will not be needed, so they are removed, leaving only the main one, which after planting will grow deep into the soil.
3. Now you will need to harden the seedling. At 1 week, the plant is covered with film so that it is in the shade.

It is better to choose autumn or spring time for planting. If it is spring, then choose the time from mid-April to early May. In autumn, the favorable time for planting is October before the first frost appears.

Grapes Nadezhda Aksayskaya

It is better to plant in black soil or sand. Preference is still given to sand, since it warms up and freezes faster, and these are the most suitable conditions for growing grapes in the Moscow region. If the soil is sandy, then the depression is made with dimensions of 80x80x100 cm, in chernozem it is 80x80x80 cm. After this, the soil must be watered every 2 weeks, pouring up to 30 liters until the crop takes root. After this, the amount of watering is reduced. Considering the fact that the soil in the Moscow region is already constantly wet.

In summer, shoots are cut at a height of 1.7 m from the ground. This way the plant will strengthen faster before the onset of frost. If everything was done correctly, including pruning, then in the 3rd year you will be able to harvest the fruits of the vineyard. Remember also that even non-covering varieties need shelter for the first year. To do this, you will need agrofibre or sawdust to line the soil where the grapes are planted. In winter, it is better to completely cover the bush by laying it on the ground, so the vineyard will last until the weather warms up and will not freeze.

Grape seedlings

Bed planting

Many gardeners recommend not to rush into planting crops in open ground. It is best to keep the vine in the school for some time. Especially if the area where you plan to plant grapes is subject to frequent frosts. In this case, it is generally worth keeping the plant indoors for a year and only then planting it in open soil. Place the cuttings in bottomless buckets and bury them halfway into the ground. In the fall, take the seedlings to the basement, and in the spring, after surviving the last frost, transplant the Moscow grapes into open ground. It was observed that planting a vineyard in this manner resulted in a good harvest in the future. And the plant’s tolerance to various diseases and pest attacks is much higher.

Irrigation system

Moscow coverless grapes are a perennial plant with a powerful root system. Therefore, by watering a plant in the usual way, it is impossible to completely water it. In this case, a drainage irrigation system is used.

A hole 1 m deep is dug along the planted vine, and the bottom is lined with brick, expanded clay or other similar material. After which a pipe is laid on top and covered with earth. Through this pipe, water, mineral fertilizers, fertilizing and vitamins flow to the root part of the plant.

Despite the fact that uncovered grapes are easy to care for, without proper attention to them the plant will quickly die. Nourish the soil with fertilizers, trim the vines in a timely manner, treat the plant against pests, and, if necessary, cover the grapes during frosts. And only then will you be able to taste the ripe and sweet berries of this crop.

sadovod.guru

Winter-hardy grape varieties

• Features of this variety
  • Choosing an uncovered grape variety
  • How to choose varieties that require conditional protection from frost?
  • Caring for grapes in winter

In our latitudes, winter-hardy grape varieties are a necessity for the amateur gardener. Most of the country is far from even moderate latitudes and in winter temperatures easily drop to -30 degrees or even lower. In such weather, only frost-resistant varieties will be able to survive until spring.

Vitis Labrusca can tolerate very severe frosts, down to -35 degrees.

Features of this variety

Choosing frost-resistant varieties for growing will save you time, because there is no need to come up with some kind of shelter for them. This problem is relevant not only for our country, so there are a huge number of similar varieties. We will try to characterize each of them, tell you whether they are intended for wine or dessert. Many gardeners grow grapes in order to decorate their plot with a beautiful climbing and useful plant. First, let's summarize a little classification. It is generally accepted that winter-hardy grapes are divided into two types: non-covering and conditionally covering. Each of them has its own characteristics. Let's look at how to choose each of these types and what you need to pay attention to.