The incubation period lasts from two weeks to one month. Usually, women do not realize that they are developing chlamydia. Patients may have some symptoms, but they are confused with cystitis: yellow or white discharge, burning during urination, inflammation of the vagina.

Reasons for the transition of chlamydia in women to a chronic state:

• ignoring primary symptoms;
• asymptomatic course of the disease, which is very common.

  Women learn about chlamydia during an exacerbation or when visiting a gynecologist;

• incorrect diagnosis, if the doctors put a different disease, then another treatment regimen will be prescribed.

  It is useless, and chlamydia, using the lost time, will become chronic;

• violation by the patient of complex treatment, non-compliance with the dosage or duration of the course of treatment;
• even if the diagnosis is correct, there is a risk of chlamydia resistance to certain types of antibiotics.

During the transition to the chronic stage, representatives of both sexes will feel pain in the joints, pain in the eyes, diseases of the upper respiratory tract.

Also, infected people experience discomfort during defecation. It is necessary to visit a doctor and with discharge from the rectum, chronic conjunctivitis (more often 3 times a year).

Symptoms and signs

Usually the disease proceeds in a latent form. Signs occur in 20 - 30% of women, the rest learn about chlamydia only after a scheduled visit to the gynecologist.

During stress or a decrease in immunity, the disease begins to worsen, then the following symptoms appear:

• pain in the lower abdomen or in the lumbar region;
• cramps during emptying of the bladder and frequent urge to urinate;
• inflammation of the mucous membrane of the genital organs;
• profuse discharge from the vagina with a sharp and unpleasant odor. They can be white or yellow with impurities of pus;
• mucous discharge with blood, they are observed outside the menstrual cycle;
• general fatigue, fever (up to 37.5 degrees), slight malaise.

Women may experience pain during sex. Often, the fair sex does not attach importance to the symptoms, believing that they are sick with cystitis or other urinary tract infections.

Gradually, chlamydia move deep into the vagina, they affect the fallopian tubes, ovaries, the uterus itself. This leads to the development of other diseases: endometritis, salpingitis, cervicitis, colpitis, etc.

Watch a video about the symptoms and manifestations of chlamydia:

Who to contact

Chronic chlamydia must be treated. Even in the absence of symptoms, chlamydia spreads throughout the body, affecting not only the organs of the reproductive system, but also the joints, lungs, and eyes.

The chronic form of chlamydia is curable. But you should fully comply with the recommendations of the doctor, adhering to the treatment regimen. If the duration of the intake is violated, then chlamydia lose their sensitivity to drugs and transform. The therapy has three goals:

• destruction of chlamydia;
• strengthening immunity after antibiotic treatment;
• restoration of the natural microflora of the vagina.

Chlamydia is destroyed by antibiotics.

Therapy of the disease can be carried out with the following drugs: Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Ofloxacin, Doxycilin, Macropen, Lomefloxacin.

The dosage and duration of administration are prescribed by the attending physician.

They are selected strictly individually, depending on the patient's condition and comorbidities. The course of treatment ranges from 14 to 21 days. Sometimes three courses of 7 days are prescribed, between them they take breaks of one week.

Important! If one partner is infected, the other should also be tested and treated.

Antibiotics often provoke candidiasis and other fungal infections. To prevent unpleasant consequences, doctors prescribe antimycotic drugs in the form of suppositories or tablets:

• "Fluconazole"
• "Nystatin"
• "Clotrimazole".

To improve the condition of the intestines and prevent dysbacteriosis, a ten-day course of "Bifiform" is prescribed. You can use other probiotics: "Eubikor", "BifidumBakterin" etc.

In the treatment of acute chlamydia, it will be enough to use antibiotics and probiotics that restore the microflora.

And in the treatment of a chronic disease, one cannot do without immunomodulators.

The fact is that with a long stay in the body, chlamydia reduces the work of T-lymphocytes.

Immune system shifts need to be restored with immunomodulators. It can be prescribed: "Viferon", "Timalin", "Cycloferon".

Therapy with immunomodulatory drugs goes in parallel with antibiotic treatment or a week before the start of antimicrobial drugs.

In chronic chlamydia, the microflora of the vagina is disturbed. Recovery should begin after a course of antibiotics. It lasts from 10 to 14 days. For this, drugs are prescribed, which include lactobacilli and bifidobacteria:

• "Simbiter-2";
• "Bifidumbacterin";
• "Vagilak";
• "Lactobacterin",
• "Agilak".

Chronic chlamydia cannot be cured with folk remedies. Self-medication will only aggravate the situation, lead to complications. But a number of medicinal herbs will reduce inflammation and help reduce pain.

An effective result is shown by infusions and decoctions of calendula and boron uterus.. Treatment should only complement traditional therapy. Before using the herb, you should consult with your doctor.

In the treatment of the acute form, the duration of the course and the dosage of the drugs differ. Often doctors do not prescribe immunomodulators.

Important! Two months after treatment, you should again be tested for the presence of chlamydia. If they are not in the body, then the diagnosis is finally removed.

Complications and prevention

Chronic chlamydia in women should definitely be treated. Without therapy, the disease will not disappear anywhere. The most serious consequences are infertility, as adhesions form in the fallopian tubes, and cervical cancer.

Due to changes in the vaginal mucosa, the protective function is impaired. This opens the way for other sexually transmitted diseases and inflammation in the reproductive organs and the genitourinary system. Against the background of chlamydia often develops: cystitis, colpitis, cervicitis, erosion of the cervix.

As a prevention of chlamydia and other sexually transmitted diseases, promiscuity should be excluded. For casual relationships, be sure to use a condom. Women should have scheduled visits to the gynecologist twice a year.

Chronic chlamydia is an infectious disease usually transmitted through unprotected intercourse. Chlamydia spread throughout the body, affecting not only the genitourinary system, but also the eyes, joints, lungs, and rectum. Gradually, the disease becomes chronic.

It is amenable to complex treatment, but patients must fully comply with the recommendations of the doctor.. In the absence of therapy, the disease leads to infertility, inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, cervical cancer.

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The causative agent of the disease

The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is the causative agent of chlamydia in men and women. It is motionless and lives inside the cells. Every year, about a million people become infected with it, of which men make up more than half. The total number of cases is approaching a billion, the male sex prevails. According to statistics, from 5 to 15% of sexually active people have chlamydia.

Infection is dangerous for its manifestations and complications, these include:

• prostatitis;
• impotence;
• inflammation of the testicle and its appendages;
• narrowing of the urethra;
• joint damage;
• inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes;
• pain in the pelvis.

Another danger of chlamydia is the ability to transform into L-forms, ie. into a dormant state. In this case, taking antibiotics does not have a significant effect on the pathogen, the infection remains in the host body. When the immune system is weakened, the disease worsens.

There are 9 types of chlamydia, a third of them are a threat to human health:

1. Chlamydia trachomatis. Causes an STD.
2. Chlamydia pneumonia. When ingested, it attacks the lungs, causing pneumonia, especially in children, young people and in crowded communities (nursing homes, schools, prisons, etc.).
3. Chlamydia psittaci. Transmitted from parrots. It causes pneumonitis, a specific inflammation in the lungs.

All chlamydia can occur not only in the form of a pronounced infectious process, but also subclinically, i.e. with few symptoms.

Causes

Causes of infection with chlamydia can be:

1. Lack of barrier methods during intercourse with an “unverified partner”.
2. Decreased protective reserves of the body (in immunodeficiency states).
3. The latent course of the disease (without clinical signs) in the partner.

The mechanism of development of chlamydia in men

Due to this lifestyle of the microorganism, the symptoms of the disease are non-specific at the beginning, which makes diagnosis difficult.

Clinical symptoms

Signs of chlamydia in men can be tracked by certain symptoms.

The disease is characterized by:

1. Itching in the urethra.
2. Burning, pain when urinating (urine may be cloudy).
3. Light, almost colorless discharge from the urethra.
4. Redness and slight swelling in the area of ​​the urethral outlet.
5. Swelling, severe pain, local fever in the scrotum.
6. Pain in the scrotum, rectum.
7. Pain in the lumbar and sacral regions, and even in the lower extremities (along the sciatic nerve).
8. Reiter's triad is possible: urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis. As a rule, one of the large joints is affected, most often on one side. (for example, knee, hip or ankle).
9. Discomfort during the act of defecation (typical for damage to the rectum and prostate).

Reiter's triad is possible: urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis. As a rule, one of the large joints is affected unilaterally (for example, the knee, hip or ankle). Often the patient is only concerned about the joints and he turns to therapists, rheumatologists. Therefore, it is important to always remember that chlamydia can affect not only the urogenital tract, but also the joints.

Diagnosis of the disease

1. Chlamydia can be detected using the following methods:
2. PCR - basic analysis, sensitivity and specificity - 100%. Finds pathogen DNA. Lead time - 2-3 days. For him, a swab is taken from the urethra or scraping from the pharynx.
3. ELISA - determination of antibodies in the blood secreted by the body in response to the introduction of chlamydia. Appear 10-20 days after infection. The accuracy is not more than 60%, due to the fact that antibodies persist for a long time after treatment and it is not always clear whether this is a new round of the disease or immune memory.
4. Cultural method - sowing on nutrient media of material obtained from scrapings or smears. The most time-consuming and expensive, the results need to wait a few days. Determines the sensitivity of chlamydia to antibiotics for the selection of therapy.
5. The immunofluorescence reaction is a complex method that requires the experience and professionalism of the performer. The material obtained by scraping or smear is stained, after which the bacteria begin to glow under a microscope. Accuracy no more than 50%.

Treatment at an early stage

For effective treatment of chlamydia in men, it is necessary to influence the causative agent of the disease.

In the primary acute process, good results were shown by antibacterial drugs from the group of macrolides ("Azithromycin", "Clarithromycin", "Josamycin", "Midecamycin") and tetracyclines ("Doxycycline").

However, treatment with drugs from a number of tetracycline antibiotics has several disadvantages:

1. The course of treatment for 1 week does not allow to achieve the desired result. According to studies, recurrence of the disease occurs in 15-20% of cases with this treatment regimen.
2. Lengthening the time of taking the drugs up to 14 days is dangerous by the re-development of infection in 15% of cases.
3. Treatment for 21 days avoids relapses, as there is an effect on 7 cycles of development of the infectious agent. However, such a long-term regimen is inconvenient for patients: there is often a violation in taking antibiotics. Skipping pills, the irregularity of their use can lead to the formation of resistance (resistance) of chlamydia to this drug. In addition, prolonged use of drugs can provoke the development of a fungal infection, as well as dysbacteriosis of the digestive tract. To prevent these complications, it is necessary to prescribe antifungal drugs (Nystatin, Levorin, Ketoconazole), as well as eubiotics (Linex).

Given the above disadvantages of antibiotics from the tetracycline group, the most convenient treatment is macrolides.

The drug "Azithromycin" ("Sumamed") has a particularly high efficiency.

The benefits of the drug « Azithromycin" :

1. A convenient treatment regimen is a single dose of 1 g of Azithromycin.
2. The effect of the drug lasts 10 days even after a single dose (this effect is created due to the half-life).
3. A simple scheme ensures 100% compliance with the doctor's recommendations.
4. "Azithromycin" is stored for a long time in the tissues affected by the inflammatory process.
5. Low percentage of side effects.
6. The antibiotic acts on intracellular pathogens due to the ability to accumulate inside cells (in particular, phagocytes). This is very important in the treatment of chlamydia, since chlamydia is completely dependent on the host cell.

Treatment of chronic chlamydia

The chronic form of the disease is much more difficult to treat effectively and is dangerous for the occurrence of relapses.

Preference is also given to antibiotics from the group of tetracyclines and macrolides.

The following treatment regimens are effective:

1. Continuous reception of "Doxycycline" 200 mg 2 r / day for 28 days.
2. The method of pulse therapy consists in 3-fold administration of tetracyclines for 10 days with a break of 7 days. This scheme allows you to influence resistant intracellular strains of bacteria, affecting all cycles of development.
3. Reception "Azithromycin" 500 mg 2 times a day for 5 days (or 7 days with a long, often relapsing course of the disease).

Be sure to prescribe along with the use of etiotropic treatment:

1. Eubiotics ("Lineks", "Bifiform")
2. Anti-candidiasis drugs ("Nystatin", "Fluconazole").
3. Immunomodulators ("Polyoxdonium", "Interferon-Alpha").

Prevention

Prevention of chlamydia will help prevent:

• use of barrier contraception;
• refusal of promiscuity;
• annual routine examination of sexually active people, incl. - with non-traditional orientation;
• in case of complaints and suspicion of a disease - an immediate appeal to a venereologist;
• refusal of intimate relationships during the treatment of chlamydia, otherwise you can infect your partner.

The consequences of chlamydial infection for men

In addition to pain in the affected organs and tissues, there are also long-term consequences:

1. Chlamydial infection in 30% is the cause of male infertility.
2. With a long course of the disease without proper treatment, the formation of chronic pelvic pain syndrome is possible.
3. Chlamydia can cause erectile dysfunction (when the infection spreads to the prostate).

Chlamydial infection is very "insidious", since in most cases it is almost asymptomatic or "masked" in the form of banal cystitis and urethritis. However, the consequences of this disease can be extremely serious.

Lack of timely treatment of chlamydia can cause irreversible changes in reproductive function (development of infertility). For this reason, it is necessary to follow the principles of "protected" sexual intercourse, and if alarming symptoms occur, be sure to consult a doctor to prescribe a competent and effective treatment.

Useful articles

Many patients begin to doubt whether a complete cure of this disease can be achieved at all. It should be noted that such a cure is possible, but there are still prerequisites for such misconceptions. The fact is that chlamydial infection, getting into the body, often does not manifest itself. A person may not even have a reason to go for a preventive examination to a doctor. At the same time, chlamydia actively multiply and can even spread throughout the body, leading to various complications.

Successful treatment of chronic chlamydia can be achieved with a course of antibiotic therapy. In this case, the treatment will have a number of features that need to be paid attention to both the doctor and the patient.

The main principles of treatment of chronic chlamydia are:
1. detection of co-infections;
2. selection of an effective drug;
3. antibiotic regimen;
4. search for atypical foci of the disease.

Detection of associated infections.

To achieve the maximum effect from the course of treatment, it is recommended to conduct the necessary tests to detect secondary infections before starting antibiotic therapy. The fact is that chronic chlamydia greatly weakens local immunity, and the mucous membrane of the urethra becomes especially susceptible to various microorganisms. In almost 70% of patients with chronic chlamydia, secondary infections can be found.

Most often, the course of chlamydia is accompanied by the development of the following genitourinary infections:

The detection of these infections is extremely important for the selection of the most effective antibiotic. A competent doctor will try to combine the treatment of two infections and prescribe a drug to which both microorganisms are sensitive. If you start treatment of chlamydia, regardless of other concomitant diseases, then the second pathogen may be insensitive to the selected antibiotic. Then the treatment of chlamydial infection will lead to a severe exacerbation of another disease.

Selection of an effective drug.

The effectiveness of the drug should be evaluated primarily in relation to chlamydia. Sometimes it is not easy to choose an antibiotic even in the absence of concomitant sexual infections. Despite the fact that chlamydia is considered relatively sensitive to many antibiotics, it is sometimes possible to stumble upon resistant ones ( sustainable) strains of microorganisms. This is because a person with chronic chlamydia is often unaware of it for a long time. During this period, he may take antibiotics for other diseases. At the same time, chlamydia develop resistance to drugs that they have already encountered. It is especially difficult to choose an antibiotic for those patients who have already tried to treat chlamydia in the past, but did not finish the job. Their strains of chlamydia will be resistant to most of the standard drugs used to treat the disease. However, in cases where the patient denies taking antibiotics or incomplete courses of treatment in the recent past, doctors are guided by statistical data on the sensitivity of chlamydia to various antibiotics.

The most effective groups of drugs in the treatment of chlamydia are:

• tetracyclines ( tetracycline, doxycycline);
• macrolides ( azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, josamycin, etc.);
• fluoroquinolones ( ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin).

Most of these drugs are effective against other genitourinary infections.

If the course of antibiotics did not bring the desired result, it is advisable to conduct a special laboratory analysis - the preparation of an antibiogram. In this case, the pathogen will be isolated from the patient's body, from which a whole colony will be grown in the laboratory. After that, the sensitivity of this particular strain in relation to a number of drugs will be checked. This will ultimately allow the most effective antibiotic to be determined so that a second course of treatment is successful.

Antibiotic regimen.

The regimen of antibiotics plays no less important role than the selection of an effective drug. The fact is that even if chlamydia is sensitive to the chosen medication, too low a dose can lead to treatment failure. The problem is the special ability of chlamydia to go into a protective L-form in adverse conditions. If the antibiotic does not kill the pathogen in 10-14 days, then the microorganisms become covered with a specific protective shell and stop responding to treatment. That is, in the course of antibiotic therapy, there will not be a cure for the disease, but remission ( subsidence of acute symptoms). Moreover, when chlamydia then flares up again, the strain will no longer be sensitive to the drug that failed to cure it.

Therefore, in the treatment of chronic chlamydia, the following rules are followed:

• Appointment of sufficiently high doses of the drug. This is necessary so that all chlamydia die before the formation of resistant L-forms.
• The course of antibiotic therapy is only during the period of exacerbations of the disease. During remission, chlamydia is much less sensitive to antibiotics, so taking them will not lead to the treatment of the infection, but only to the development of resistance of the bacterial strain.
• Change of drugs. To achieve the best effect, it is desirable to change the drugs from course to course. This is due to the fact that different groups of antibiotics have a different mechanism of action on bacteria. Thus, the combination and change of preparations exclude the phenomenon of resistance of strains.

It is also important to follow the medication schedule prescribed by the doctor during antibiotic treatment. Each drug has its own characteristics. It acts by entering the bloodstream and accumulating in it at a concentration effective to affect chlamydia. It is assumed that this concentration will be maintained for a sufficiently long time, which will lead to the unconditional death of the pathogen. Taking an antibiotic with a difference of even a few hours from the appointed time will lead to a decrease in the concentration of the drug in the blood, which can significantly affect the effectiveness of the entire course of treatment.

Search for atypical foci of the disease.

For the correct selection of the drug and the mode of its administration, the doctor must clearly determine which clinical form of chlamydia he is dealing with. Otherwise, the most common urogenital chlamydia can be cured, while viable bacteria remain in atypical foci. Treatment of some forms of this disease requires a special approach. For example, with the development of chlamydial conjunctivitis ( inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes) the antibiotic will be prescribed not only inside, but also in the form of drops or special ointments. Thus, success can only be guaranteed if all foci of infection in the body are found.

Given the complexity of the treatment of chronic chlamydia, it is understandable why in medical practice there are often situations when the course of treatment does not lead to recovery, but only to a temporary remission. Most often, insufficiently detailed diagnostics or a frivolous attitude of patients to treatment are to blame for this. However, medical errors are not excluded. Together, this leads to the fact that the treatment of chronic chlamydia requires an average of 3-4 courses of treatment during periods of exacerbations. That is, the total treatment time can stretch for several months.

Chlamydia is considered to be a urogenital disease that develops due to chlamydial infection entering the body. The bacterium appears after unprotected sexual contact and through personal hygiene products. That is why all people are advised to know the features of chronic chlamydia in men.

The disease in question may not show symptoms for a long time, but at the same time, progress. That is why the treatment of chronic chlamydia in men is quite rare. This phenomenon can be dangerous, because there is a risk of problems with the whole body.

The chronic form of the disease is diagnosed much more often than its acute stage. Due to the fact that the signs of the disease are either absent or very weak, a strong half of humanity may not even be aware of the course of the pathology. If timely treatment is not carried out, then chlamydia will lead to urethritis, prostatitis or proctitis. The most terrible complication is the inability to have children - complete infertility. But here it is worth considering the fact that the infection can affect the joints, and the respiratory system, and vision, and the heart.

How is chlamydia transmitted?

It is chlamydial infections that are leaders in the list of all diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact. Every year, about 2 million people aged 22 to 42 become infected with this disease. But in the modern world, statistics are “getting younger”: the progression of the disease is increasingly being diagnosed at 14–17 years old. It is noteworthy that people with both asymptomatic and symptomatic forms of the disease are capable of infecting a partner.

Doctors note two main ways of transmission of infection:

• Contact form. This includes sexual intercourse and the household way. A family can become infected through dishes, bedding, unwashed hands.
• Vertical form. This pathway is characterized by the transmission of chlamydia from mother to child. Antenatal - transmission during pregnancy, and intranatal - during childbirth.

The disease can remain in the incubation period for 10 to 40 days. At this time, there is an active spread of infection throughout the body: the mucous membrane of the urethra suffers first. If perverted sexual contact has taken place, that the bacterium can settle in the rectum or in the mouth.

Retrograde spread is characterized by damage to the testicles, appendages and prostate gland. In addition, chlamydia affects the lymph nodes and is transmitted through the blood. In the event that additional bacteria join the infection, the disease is significantly complicated and aggravated.

How does chlamydia present?

The disease begins to manifest itself 8-20 days after the moment of infection. In more than half of those infected, the disease is completely asymptomatic, but this does not mean that they are not dangerous for a sexual partner or family member. The main symptoms of chlamydia include the following phenomena:

• An increase in body temperature to subfebrile numbers: 37, 1–37, 6. Increased weakness and loss of strength.
• The urethra shows the appearance of a vitreous, watery or purulent substance mixed with mucus.
• Most often observed in the morning.
• Burning and itching at the exit of urine, its slight turbidity.
• Inflammation of the genitourinary system can be accompanied by blood during sexual contact or during urination.
• The urethra swells outside, reddens.
• The person feels pain in the groin or lower back.

After an infection has occurred, the signs may completely or partially disappear. Such phenomena lead to the fact that a man stops paying attention to them or completely forgets, so he does not go to the doctor. It is this moment that leads to the fact that chlamydia becomes chronic and threatens with prostatitis, cystitis and other serious diseases.

The disappearance of signs is not evidence that the disease has receded, rather, it means that the immune system has temporarily overcome it and turned it from acute to chronic. Before starting treatment, the doctor must finally make sure of the diagnosis and not confuse the problem with trichomoniasis, gonorrhea or mycoplasmosis. In addition, the symptoms of chlamydia are very similar to pathological processes in the pelvic organs.

Diagnosis and therapy of the disease in question

In order to make a diagnosis, doctors must carry out several standard procedures for this case:

• PCR is an analysis performed by isolating the DNA of microorganisms.
• Cultural examination of the scraping taken and the presence of chlamydial infection in it.
• Conducting direct immunofluorescent testing, during which the doctor uses special microscopes.
• Immunoenzymatic analysis, during which laboratory assistants secrete antibodies to chlamydia.

Both acute and chronic forms of the disease are treated exclusively with antibiotics. Here we are talking about the use of tetracycline group drugs: fluoroquinolones and macrolides.

It is these drugs that are today recognized as the most effective means for conducting adequate therapy for the disease in question.

In addition to the above medicines, specialists can prescribe another treatment: adjusting the therapy regimen using several general drugs that completely relieve the patient from an unpleasant problem. This includes the remedy Vilprafen. The treatment regimen involves taking the medicine for 1-2 weeks, but in the case when the disease is severely neglected, therapy can drag on for a whole month.

To maintain or increase the level of immunity, doctors prescribe a multivitamin complex, a natural adaptogen or an immunostimulating substance. Along with antibiotics, you should drink medicines that include bifidus and lactobacilli.

Such methods of therapy are explained by the fact that antibiotics lead to the destruction of the proper microflora in the intestine, which must be brought back to normal. For this, patients take Bifidobacterin, Linex or Lactobacterin.

If you have problems with the gastrointestinal tract, you should drink the enzymes found in Mezim, Creon, Pancreatin, Heptral or Rezalyut. In addition, the patient must be on a strict diet, completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol. Both cohabiting partners should treat the disease at once, otherwise all therapeutic measures are meaningless and will not bring the desired effect.

What are the consequences of chlamydia in men

If chlamydia has not been treated for a long time or has not responded to treatment and has already developed into a chronic form, then the health of a man is under great threat. He may develop the following pathological processes:

• Prostatitis. The problem is manifested by inflammation of the prostate gland, pain in the rectum, in the back, in the groin. The process of urination is slightly disturbed, and specific secretions may be released from the urethra. In addition, there is a violation of male function.
• Urethritis. Here we are talking about the appearance of itching of the urethra, frequent visits to the toilet, purulent discharge with mucus and stricture of the urethra as a result of the chronic course of chlamydia.
• Epididymitis. The phenomenon is an inflammatory process in the epididymis, characterized by fever, swelling of the epididymis. These symptoms can lead to problems with spermatogenesis and complete infertility.
• Reiter's syndrome is conjunctivitis and chlamydial arthritis.
• Vesiculitis. Pathology is characterized by inflammation of the seminal vesicle, located near the prostate. This organ is responsible for storing prostatic secretion, which is produced by the gland.
• Severe inflammation of the kidneys.

All these phenomena and signs appear only if the treatment of chronic chlamydia in men is not carried out or does not help get rid of the problem. It must be remembered that the body always signals some kind of pathology, and a person must be able to recognize these signals in a timely manner and contact the attending physician for a diagnosis after a complete examination.

How does chlamydia affect a man's reproductive function?

Almost half of infertile couples face the problem of male reproductive health. There are many causes of male infertility, but the most popular of them are infections in the genitourinary system, transmitted through sexual intercourse and causing irreversible changes in the composition of sperm.

The inflammatory process in the urogenital tract leads to the fact that polymorphonuclear leukocytes of sperm overproduction of the active form of the oxygen radical is observed, which threatens to stress the spermatozoa and damage the membrane in them. This phenomenon inhibits the fertilizing function of the sperm, so the long-awaited pregnancy does not occur.

But it is worth considering the moment that such a pathology can lead to improper development of the embryo and sudden abortions. Inflammation of the prostate significantly reduces the number of active spermatozoa and negatively affects their fertilizing function. Chronic prostatitis is characterized by an increase in ROS in seminal fluid by several times.

Spermatogenesis suffers due to the fact that it is affected by chlamydial toxins and their products. It is chlamydia that settles on spermatozoa, leading to their gluing, loss of mobility and natural function.

Very often in people who have been diagnosed with chronic chlamydia in men, there is a violation of the function and patency of the appendage. In addition, pathology is observed in the process of stimulating the production of antisperm antibodies.

Measures to prevent chlamydia

If a man has already been cured of a disease once, this does not mean that he can become infected with it again. To prevent this from happening, you should follow a few simple rules:

• Periodically refrain from sexual intercourse.
• Be loyal to a permanent partner.
• Use condoms regularly, rather than spirals or hormonal contraceptives.
• Refrain from taking alcohol and drugs.
• Get annual preventive checkups.
• Do not hide the presence of alarming symptoms from the doctor.
• Treat the genitals with special means after each dubious sexual intercourse.
• Observe personal hygiene.

If you are attentive to your health, do not hesitate to go to see doctors and follow all their prescriptions and therapeutic procedures, then you can not be afraid of the dangerous complications of chlamydia, even in an advanced form.

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A disease lasting more than one month is considered to be chronic in medicine. No exception and insidious infection, which is sexually transmitted - chlamydia. According to statistics, more than 110 million people worldwide become ill with chronic chlamydia every year.

Chlamydia is the causative agent of this pathology. After the introduction of these microorganisms into the body through the entrance gate, an acute form of the disease develops first, followed by a transition to a chronic form. The most common cause of such a pathological phenomenon is the lack of adequate or timely treatment.

Why does the acute form become chronic?

Chlamydia begins with a latent (incubation) period. Its duration corresponds to the time from the beginning of the introduction of the pathogen into the body (that is, infection) to the manifestation of its vital activity in it. The duration of this period is different - from several days to 2 months - and depends on the immune status of the person. The latent period ends with the manifestation of signs characteristic of the acute course of the disease. However, it is possible that its symptoms will be erased or absent altogether, which is a particular health hazard, since untreated acute chlamydia contributes to a chronic process.

How can you get infected?

Chlamydia enters the human body during sexual intercourse. The entrance gates are:

• mucous membranes of the genital organs of women and men, that is, the vagina, cervix, urethra;
• the mucous membrane of the rectum - with anal contact;
• the mucous membrane of the oral cavity - with oral caresses.

The pathological process is triggered by reduced immunity, as well as chronic or sexually transmitted diseases. If a pregnant woman is infected, then during childbirth, when the child passes through the birth canal, the infection can be transmitted to him. In this case, the child may develop conjunctivitis, otitis media, and even pneumonia. It is difficult to become infected with close household contact. That is, swimming in the pool, steaming in the bath, using shared towels, it is almost impossible to get infected.

Specialists have identified another form of the disease - persistent, in which chlamydia, entering the human body, do not multiply, but seem to "doze" in anticipation of failures in the host's immune system. According to statistics, approximately 15% of sexually active people are just carriers of chlamydia, the symptoms of which they do not have. In such a case, a person is a source of infection and infects sexual partners. Even with the help of modern diagnostic methods, it is not always possible to detect carriage. Symptoms of the disease begin to appear when other sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, are connected.

Clinical manifestation of the disease

The course of the disease in the chronic form has its own differences. The patient may not be disturbed at all, or the symptoms may be smoothed out and practically not manifest themselves.

In the classical course of pathology, when immunity is reduced, in women the disease manifests itself as follows:

• there are discharges of a mucopurulent nature from the genitals. In addition to the pathological volume, an unpleasant odor and color are noted;
• the disease is accompanied by pain. The pain has a pulling character and is localized in the lumbar region, groin or lower abdomen;
• Possible intermenstrual spotting;
• burning sensation during sexual intercourse, as well as during urination.

In men, advanced chlamydia is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• discharge from the urethra, which occurs mainly in the morning;
• feeling of discomfort (burning, slight itching) at the time of urination;
• difficulty urinating;
• the occurrence of pain in the groin, testicles;
• excretion of cloudy urine;
• the appearance of blood streaks in semen, urine;
• adhesion of the terminal end of the urethra.

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In addition to local symptoms, chlamydia is characterized by general changes in the body, which is expressed in lethargy, hyperthermia, fatigue, and loss of appetite. This is how the intoxication syndrome manifests itself, indicating the spread of infection outside the affected system.

Pregnant women experience chlamydia with similar symptoms. The danger of this condition lies in the infection of the child, during its passage through the birth canal. The disease significantly reduces immunity, predisposing to inflammation of not only the urinary organs, the vagina. After childbirth, the risk of metritis (inflammation of the uterus) is high.

Complications of the chronic form

Among the main complications are:

• a prolonged inflammatory process leads to the formation of adhesions, which limit the spread of pathology beyond the focus and at the same time lead to structural and functional changes in the organs of the reproductive system. In men, adhesions block the testes, in women obstruction of the fallopian tubes develops. Against the background of ongoing processes, infertility may develop;
• a long-term pathological process with an advanced disease progresses and is “transferred” not only to neighboring organs (bladder, urethra), but also affects distant body systems, for example, vision, lungs. Often there is one of the pathologies called Reiter's disease, accompanied by simultaneous damage to the eyes, urinary organs and joints;
• deformation of the urethra in the form of narrowing, kinks. Her only treatment is surgery;
• narrowing of the spermatic tract leads to a violation of the formation of spermatozoa and infertility in men;
• prostatitis, first acute and then chronic, is accompanied by a change in the quality of the secret secreted by the prostate gland and the death of male germ cells, and, consequently, infertility;
• the chronic form of the disease is fraught with the spread of infection to the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and heart.

Laboratory diagnostics

Chlamydia can be detected randomly during preventive examinations, as well as during tests for the purpose of making a diagnosis, since the signs of the disease alone are not always enough for the doctor to make an accurate diagnosis. Additional research methods help to make sure of it.

Persons who should be screened first:

• if there is a promiscuous sex life with a frequent change of partners;
• upon detection of this disease in a sexual partner;
• women suffering from primary or secondary infertility, even if the sexual partner does not have a history of this disease;
• women who have a history of spontaneous miscarriages, premature birth, ectopic pregnancy;
• men suffering from infertility;
• women who have the following pathologies: cervical erosion, metritis, vaginitis.

In order to detect microorganisms, a scraping is done, which contains the cells of an organ, for example, the urethra, cervix, and the mucous membrane of the eye. Scrapings are taken with special disposable instruments. In addition, blood, urine, and semen tests will confirm the disease.