Era countdown. History of primitive times. Prehistoric and historical era

To the question After what YEAR - OUR ERA STARTED ??? given by the author Vadim. the best answer is Our era after the birth of Christ, that is, from the 1st year. 1193 BC, which means before the birth of Christ, that is, 2011+1193=3204 years ago.

Answer from misdemeanor[guru]
zero) and before it -1. Do you teach math at school?


Answer from MAY[guru]
the era of enlightenment began from the first!


Answer from chromosomes[guru]
there was no zero year! because obviously zero is a mathematical convention. There is a 1st year. e. , and before him the 1st year BC. e.
PS: okay, I’ll put it in your language: RAM, before our era, years are considered in reverse side: 2nd year CE e. , 1st year AD e, 1st year BC. e. , 2nd year BC uh. I don’t know how you even dumber to simplify the RAM


Answer from European[guru]
it is customary to consider from the birth of Christ, and so, of course, much earlier


Answer from David Shabashov[newbie]
I do not know exactly after what year AD began. e, but I know for sure that 8112 BC. e. was


Answer from DANILKA QUEEN[newbie]
from 20-21


Answer from Larisa zhirnova[active]
Since 0001 our era


Answer from qwerty qwert[newbie]
People who lived before our era lived countdown?))


Answer from Boris Baratov[active]
The use of AD in chronology became widespread after the use of Bede the Venerable, starting from 731. Gradually all countries Western Europe switched to this calendar. The last in the West, August 22, 1422, on new calendar crossed over by Portugal (from the Spanish era).
In Russia, the last day of the Constantinople era was December 31, 7208 from the creation of the world; by decree of Peter I, the next day was already officially considered according to the new chronology from the "Christmas" - January 1, 1700.


Answer from Anna Kovaleva[active]
our era appeared--124 AD. e to 97 AD. uh


Answer from Vovchik[newbie]
The chronology from the Nativity of Christ was introduced in 525 by the abbot of one of the Roman monasteries Dionysius the Small


Answer from Yatiana Mikheeva[newbie]
our era began in 1193


Answer from Viktor Vysotsky[newbie]
7525 thousand years ago, the counting of years began. Jesus Christ was born as I calculated by my own mathematics in 5508. but in 7208 Peter 1 and blah blah blah in short said that the bill would be from the Nativity of Christ. therefore, the year 7208 turned into 1700 and this is in Russia. other countries, as I read history, began counting years from the Nativity of Christ much earlier! but from what end of this era I do not know. roofing felts from Christmas or from the first year. Certainly more interesting from the first year. so you start to believe in people more .. otherwise if everything is closer to Christmas, then it’s bonal ... and the farther from Christmas, the more pleasant it is that the people in those years were so smart and did such things .. that after 7525 years we are on TV with them enjoy watching! How did they make history?


Answer from Valery Pronichev[newbie]
the last year BC was 3761 this year was taken as 0 then 1 went on


Answer from Vitalik kartuz[newbie]
Hmm, there are so many pseudo smart people who do not understand what they want, but still answer obviously and uselessly while insulting and making others look stupid.
Dude, I understand you, the birth of Christ is the first and only reason for the beginning of a new countdown of the era for this new era interrupted 10,000 years old (this is not exact figure we will never know for sure)

The beginning of the modern Christian chronology was laid in the Early Middle Ages. Until the first half of the 6th century, the era of Diocletian was widely used. The counting of years was conducted from 284, when he was proclaimed the Roman emperor. Despite the fact that Diocletian was one of the organizers of the persecution of Christians, this chronology system was also used by the clergy to calculate the dates for the celebration of Easter. Later it was called the "era of the martyrs" and is still used by the Monophysites in North Africa.

In 525, the Roman abbot Dionysius the Small, who, on behalf of Pope John I, compiled the Easter tables, decided to abandon the system of chronology based on the date of the beginning of the reign of the persecutor of Christians. He proposed a chronology from the Nativity of Christ. Dionysius, based on the Gospel of Luke, proceeded from the fact that Jesus was about 30 years old by the time he began to preach. His crucifixion took place on the eve of the Jewish Passover under the emperor Tiberius. Using the already existing method for calculating Easter, the abbot calculated that the Resurrection of Christ falls on March 25, 31 from his birth.

Many researchers believe that Dionysius the Small made a mistake in his calculations. Thus, the date of the birth of Christ was shifted several years ahead. This opinion was shared by the first persons of the Catholic Church. In the summer of 1996, in one of his messages, Pope John Paul II confirmed that the historical date of the Nativity of Christ is unknown and in fact he was born 5-7 years before our era. Benedict XVI also considered Christian chronology based on incorrect calculations. In 2009, in the first part of Jesus of Nazareth, he wrote that Dionysius the Lesser "miscalculated by several years." The birth of Christ, according to the pope, took place 3-4 years earlier than the date set.

The chronology system developed by Dionysius the Small began to be used two centuries after its creation. In 726, the English Benedictine monk Bede the Venerable in his work “De sex aetatibus mundi” (On the six ages of the world) first used the chronology from the Nativity of Christ to describe historical events. Soon the new chronology spread widely in Europe.

Already in 742, dating from the Nativity of Christ first appeared in an official document - one of the capitularies of the Frankish majordom of Carloman. This was probably his independent initiative, not connected with the works of Bede the Venerable. During the reign of Emperor Charles I the Great, the counting of years "from the incarnation of our Lord" was widely used in official documents of the Frankish court. In the 9th - 10th centuries, the new chronology became firmly established in European royal decrees and historical chronicles, the Christian era began to be used in the acts of the papal office.

But in some states other chronological systems were preserved for a long time. The countries of the Iberian Peninsula used the Spanish era. The countdown of years in it was conducted from January 1, 38 BC. e., when the region became part of the "Roman world" (Pax Romana). Most of the Iberian states gradually abandoned the Spanish era in the 12th–14th centuries. It lasted the longest in Portugal. Only in August 1422, King Juan I introduced the Christian chronology in the country. In Russia, until the end of the 17th century, the Byzantine countdown from the creation of the world was used. The state switched to a new chronology after the decree of Peter I of December 20, 1699. Greece was the last of the European regions to apply the Christian era. The new chronology was established in the country in 1821 after the start of the war for independence from Ottoman Empire.

Tridensky Cathedral in the 16th century introduced a new chronology, and the first (if not the only) monument to the new millennium on the new year was the bell tower of Ivan the Great in 1600, built by the then most authoritative monarch in Europe - Tsar Boris

To answer

You obviously messed something up. The Romans counted from the legendary foundation of Rome (753 BC), Most other civilizations from the creation of the world, only they had a different starting point, the Jews dated it to 3761 BC. e., Alexandrian chronology considered this date May 25, 5493 BC. e. The Byzantine calendar considered Starting point September 1, 5509 BC e., he actually was adopted as a basis by Emperor Basil II in 988. Yes, the year began on September 1 in Byzantium around the year 462, but this was officially recognized in 537. The rest of the calendar, with the exception of the names of the months, coincided with the Julian calendar (adopted under Julius Caesar). The Byzantine calendar lasted until the fall of the empire in 1453. Gregorian calendar, which replaced him, was introduced under Pope Gregory XIII on October 15, 1582.

To answer

Oksana, so I do not deny the use of the Ab Urbe condita reckoning by the Romans. But the fact that the era of Diocletian was used by the inhabitants of the empire for a long time and was used even for some time after its fall is a fact. If you don't believe me, read more here.

I did not set myself the task of telling about all the existing systems of reckoning, since the question was a little about something else. It concerned only the beginning of dating from the Nativity of Christ. And Dionysius the Small calculated this time focusing precisely on the era of Diocletian, and not on the foundation of Rome or any other system.

All other calendars are well covered in this question.

To answer

Comment

You have to start with what primitive people represented time chaotically, i.e. sets of unrelated time intervals, the boundaries of which were natural events (thunderstorms / hurricanes, etc.). IN ancient world the borders of the reign of the kings (Egypt) acted as an era, or the account was kept according to EPONIM (Greece, Rome, Assyria) - this executive, which is used to count years. (For example: "in the year when such and such was the archon .."). Archons in Greece, Consuls in Rome, Limmu in Assyria.
In the ancient world, time was cyclical - a spiral.
The linear era (universal) familiar to us appeared with the development of Christianity (so that all Christian communities celebrate holidays at the same time).
In 525. AD the era from the birth of Christ appeared. It was proposed by the monk Dionysius the Small. Prior to this, Easter was calculated on the basis of the era of martyrs (that is, the era of Diocletian (cruel persecutor of Christians), the date when he began to rule on August 16, 284). However, Dionysius made a mistake in the calculations - Jesus Christ was born 5-6 years later than the date that Dionysius calculated. From the 10th century, the Vatican switched to the reckoning from the RH.

In general, the main chronological question of mankind is how to correlate time units expressed as an integer.
There are several basic units of time counting:
1. solar day (24 hours)
2. synodal month (approximately 29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 3 seconds - from new moon to new moon)
3. tropical year (365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds) the period from the day of the summer solstice to the next same day.
On the basis of these units of counting time, people began to divide time into segments - calendars appeared - solar (ancient Egyptian) and lunar (Ancient Babylon, Ancient Greece). It is believed that the first such calendars appeared at the turn of 4-3 thousand BC.

The seven-cycle calendar is a relic of the ancient Babylonian calendar, which was considered sacred. In it, every day was under the auspices of a god or goddess, who in turn was associated with certain celestial bodies. This method migrated to Europe, and in 325 a seven-day week was announced to all Christian communities.

24 hours in a day also came to us from the Babylonian calendar, in which the day was divided into 12 parts according to the signs of the zodiac (the night was not divided), such a division came in Ancient Egypt where the night was divided, thereby doubling the zodiac.

IN Ancient Rome the calendar appeared in the 7th century BC. Originally counted 10 lunar months = 304 days. Numa Pompilius carried out a calendar reform by adding 2 lunar months= 355 days. in the 5th century BC the second calendar reform was carried out, a year later they began to add the thirteenth month of MARCEDONIA, which was inserted between February 22 and 23, it was equal to 20 days. Thus, approximately 365 days were obtained. However, every 4 years, the calendar and astrological New Year diverged by a day. The duration of marcedonia was determined by the priests in ancient Rome. New Year was on March 1st.
The months were named:
martos (from Mars)
aprelis (on behalf of the goddess Apra - one of the names of the goddess Aphrodite), maynos (Maya goddess of beauty)
Junius (Juno - goddess of fertility)
quintilis (fifth)
sexteles (6)
septembrius(7)
octobrius(8)
novembrius(9)
Junoarius (Janos - god of secrets)
februarius (February - the god of the dead, an unlucky month, because even number days - 28).
There was no concept of a week. They counted according to the Kalends - the first day of the month.

Julius Caesar stopped all this and a new JULIAN calendar was created in his kingdom - 46 AD: the New Year was moved to January 1 (when the distribution of positions of authority took place), abolished marcedony, 1 day BISEXTUS began to be inserted into this place once every 4 years (twice the sixth) = leap year. Wed The length of the year was 365 days 6 hours. Quintilis was renamed Julius (January).
In 365, the Julian calendar became mandatory for all Christians. But for 11 minutes it was more than a tropical year, for 128 years a day ran, and by the 16th century 10 days ran.

in 1582 - Gregory XIII the Pope convened a commission (the calendar is the prerogative of the church, because time is the place of God), it was decided on October 5, 1582 to count October 15.

The Gregorian calendar is closer to the tropical year (a few seconds difference), one day in such a calendar accumulates every 3200 years.

If we talk about the history of chronology in Russia, then little is known about the Slavic calendar. Initially, time was tracked seasonally, i.e. simultaneously with agricultural work, the boundaries did not coincide (for example, spring from 23.03 to 22.06). Changes came with the advent of Christianity. Since the end of the 10th century, there have been two New Years - March and September. I will not go into the details of this, I will only say that throughout Russia there was no clear chronology. In 1492, the March calendar was canceled. This is due to the fact that from the creation of the world (5508), 1492 was considered the year 7000, in theory the end of the world should have been, this idea took hold of the Christians so much that they did not even calculate the calendar - Paschalia (years after Easter) after this year.
In the time of Peter the Great, it was discovered that the calendar did not coincide with the Western one. On December 19, 7208 (1699) from the creation of the world, Peter issued a decree on the transition to the era from the RH.

At the end of the 18th century, all European countries adopted the Gregorian calendar, in Russia it was still Julian. Throughout the 19th century, there were many disputes - whether Russia should switch to the Gregorian calendar, and on January 24, 1918, a Decree was adopted on the transition of Russia to the Gregorian calendar, after January 31, 1918, consider not February 1, but February 14. Actually what we have now.

If you have read this long post - know that you have become a little smarter and more patient :)

Not right away. The chronology from the Nativity of Christ, and with it the concept of "our era" appeared about one and a half thousand years ago, when Pope John I instructed the learned monk of Scythian origin Dionysius the Small to compile tables for calculating the day of Easter. IN early Middle Ages in Europe, years were counted from the beginning of the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian (284 AD). Instead of the date of the accession of this pagan and persecutor of Christians, Dionysius the Small took the estimated year of the birth of Jesus Christ as a starting point. He calculated it, guided by the text of the New Testament. (Today it is believed that the monk was wrong by four years, and our 2017 should be 2013.). In the 8th century, a new dating became widespread thanks to the Anglo-Saxon chronicler Bede the Venerable, who relied on the system of Dionysius in his essay On the Six Ages of the World. From the same Bede came the custom of dating events that occurred before the birth of Christ (“before our era”), counting backwards. Gradually, all of Europe began to measure time from the birth of Christ. Russia switched to a new account of "the best for the sake of agreement with the peoples of Europe in contracts and treatises" in 1699 by decree of Peter I.

Such an interesting and informative science for every person as history cannot be taught without knowing why to study history. By what criteria is the chronology of the life of mankind carried out? After all, history describes not only the events that took place, for example, 100 years ago, but also those that took place thousands and tens of thousands of years ago.

Historical chronology

BC, our era

All time in history is divided into two eras: the time that was before our era, and our era, which lasts to the present day. The year of the birth of Jesus Christ is considered the end of the old and the beginning of a new era in history.

Years in the period before the beginning of our era are reversed chronological order. This is due to the fact that there is no exact historical data on when exactly life appeared on the planet. Only thanks to historical artifacts, scientists can draw conclusions about how many years ago this or that event took place.

Prehistoric and historical era

History includes the prehistoric and historical era. The prehistoric era begins with the appearance of human life and ends with the appearance of writing. The prehistoric era is divided into a number of time periods, the classification of which is based on archaeological fossils.

The materials from which Ancient people made tools and how long they used them is the basis for recreating the time frames and names of periods of the prehistoric era.

The historical epoch consists of the period of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, Modern times and Modern times. In different states, these periods occurred in different time, so we are not able to determine the exact time frame.

First calendars

In the process of evolutionary development, a person has a need to systematize time. Ancient farmers needed to know the best time to sow seeds, nomadic livestock breeders needed to know when it was best to move to another territory in order to provide food for their livestock.

So the first calendars began to appear, based on observations of nature and celestial bodies. At different peoples There were different calendars. For example, the Romans kept counting from the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the Egyptians - from the beginning of the reign of each new dynasty of pharaohs. Many religions have created their own calendars: in Islam, the chronology begins with the year of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad.

In 45 BC. Gaius Julius Caesar introduced the new Egyptian calendar, in which the year began on the first of January and had a duration of twelve months. The calendar is called Julian. This calendar set the length of the year as accurately as possible - 365 days, and 366 days in leap year. From 1492, the Julian calendar was introduced in Russia.

The modern calendar was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. He was able to eliminate some of the inaccuracies that had accumulated since I Ecumenical Council and amounted to 10 days at that time.

The difference between the Julian and Gregorian calendar increases by about a day per century, and today is 13 days.

Reckoning: what is it? The chronology is a system of counting time (in days, weeks, months, years), which began with a certain event. The chronology could differ among different peoples, confessions. This can be explained by the fact that different events were taken as the starting point. However, today one chronology system is officially established all over the world, which is used in all countries and on all continents.

The chronology in Russia

The chronology in Russia was carried out according to the calendar adopted by Byzantium. As you know, after the adoption of Christianity in the tenth century AD, the year of the creation of the world was chosen as a starting point. To be more precise, this day is the day when the first man, Adam, was created. It happened on the first of March 5508 AD. And in Russia for a long time they considered the beginning of spring the beginning of the year.

Reform of Peter the Great

The old chronology "from the creation of the world" was changed by Emperor Peter the Great to the chronology from the Nativity of Christ. this was done from the first of January 1700 (or 7208 "from the foundation of the world"). Why did they change the calendar? It is believed that Peter the Great did this for convenience, to synchronize time with Europe. European countries have long lived according to the system "from the Nativity of Christ." And since the emperor did a lot of business with the Europeans, this step was quite appropriate. After all, the difference in years in Europe and in Russian Empire at that time was 5508 years!

The Old Russian chronology, thus, differed from the modern one in the reference point of time. And the chronology before the Nativity of Christ was called the chronology "from the creation of the world."

How it all began

When did the reckoning begin? There is evidence that in 325 AD the first council of Christian bishops took place. It was they who decided that the reckoning should be conducted from the creation of the world. The reason for this countdown was the need to know when to celebrate Easter. The date of the creation of the world was proposed based on considerations and reasoning about the life of Jesus Christ.

After the council of bishops, the Roman Empire adopted this chronology. And after a couple of hundred years, it was proposed to switch to the reckoning from the Nativity of Christ. This idea was expressed by Dionysius the Lesser, a Roman monk, in 532. It is not known exactly when Jesus was born, but it happened around the second or fourth year of our era. It was from this year that the countdown of time, which is now called from the Nativity of Christ, began. This point separates the new era (ours) from the past (respectively, the designations AD and BC).

But the world has long passed to new version countdown. This took about half a millennium, and for Russia - more than a thousand years. The transition was gradual, so often the year “from the creation of the world” was also indicated in brackets of the date.

Aryan chronology and Slavic chronology

The chronology of the Aryans was conducted from the creation of the world, that is, it was different from what existed in the world. But the Aryans did not believe that the world was created precisely in 5508 BC. In their opinion, the starting point was the year when peace was concluded between the Slavic-Aryans and the Arims (ancient Chinese tribes). Another name for this reckoning is the Creation of the World in the Star Temple. After the victory over the Chinese, a symbol appeared - a rider on a white horse, killing a dragon. The latter in this case symbolized China, which was defeated.

The Old Slavic chronology was carried out according to the Daariysky Krugolet Chislobog. You can read more about this calendar in the corresponding article. After the reform of Peter the Great, they began to say that "he stole 5508 years from the Slavs." In general, the emperor's innovation did not find positive feedback from the Slavs, they resisted him for a long time. But the chronology of the ancient Slavs and their calendar were banned. To date, they are used only by the Old Believers, Ynglings.

The chronology according to the Slavic calendar had its own interesting features:

  • The Slavs had only three seasons: spring, autumn, winter. By the way, the whole year among the ancient Slavs was called "summer".
  • There were nine months.
  • There were forty or forty-one days in the month.

Thus, the chronology of the ancient Slavs, who were pagans, went against the generally accepted Christian one. Indeed, many Slavs, even having adopted the Christian faith, continued to remain pagans. They were true to their worldviews and did not accept the reckoning "from the Nativity of Christ."

The chronology has become a reflection of religion, which has occupied and continues to occupy a dominant position in the state, in society, in the world. Christianity today is practiced by more than thirty percent of the world's population. It is not surprising that the birth of Christ was chosen as its beginning. It has also become convenient to distinguish between the past era and the new one. Peter, having changed the system of chronology in Russia, made it possible to coordinate all the activities of the country with the rest of the world. It is hard to imagine that today there would be an abyss between countries of more than five and a half thousand years! Also, a positive aspect of the chronology common to all is the convenience in studying history and other sciences.

Calculation errors. History is fake.

What event began the countdown "BC" and "our era"?

  1. Era (from lat. aera is a separate number, the original figure),
    in chronology, the initial moment of the chronology system, marked by some real or legendary event, as well as the chronology system itself. Christian, or new, E. (our era) is the number of years from the generally accepted date in the Christian religion associated with the birth of Christ. In ancient chronology, different peoples used various E., timed to coincide with some event (real or mythical) or the beginning of a dynasty of rulers. For example, the era of Nabonassar in Babylon 747 BC. e.; In ancient Rome, E. existed from the founding of Rome (ab urbe condita), the beginning of which is taken to be 753 BC. e., in Muslim E. (Hijri), the years are counted from the year in which, according to legend, Muhammad (Mahomet) fled from Mecca to Medina, 622 AD. e. Some E. were confined to some point in time, artificially chosen on the basis of astronomical considerations, often combined with religious ones; such, for example, are world E. from the accepted moment of the creation of the world: among the Jews 3761 BC. e., in Orthodox Church 5508 BC e. The Kaliyuga, or Iron Age, of the Indians of 3102 BC belongs to the same e. e. At the end of the 16th century the so-called Julian era was introduced (see Julian period), which is convenient for astronomical and chronological calculations. The beginning of this E. 4713 BC. e.
  2. Our era - the countdown is on the rise. Who and when began the countdown in descending BC. There are many religions. And who and when - no one can answer.
  3. From event: Christmas
  4. More interested in the "sunset" of the vulgar era. When the end came, because no one knows the exact date of I.Kh. and everyone interprets it in his own way !!!
  5. Maybe! Unfortunately, there are not only stupid students, but also "teachers" ...
  6. usually counted according to the Julian calendar
  7. And yet. From Christmas. The teacher might have known.
    Yes, not the whole world is Christian. Therefore, China has its own calendar, the Buddhists have their own.
    But the Gregorian calendar is accepted throughout the Western world and it counts from the Nativity of Christ. This is the so-called. new era. And what happened before is a countdown from the same moment and is called BC.
    Tell it to your teacher. poor kids.
  8. Damn, I know that the end of our era began after the birth of Christ (just don’t confuse it with the fact that the chubrik was born and geniuses-inventors immediately fell from the sky) like after the collapse of the Roman Empire
    like
  9. Countdown start

    The zero year is not used in either secular or religious notations, so it was introduced by Beda the Venerable at the beginning of the 8th century (zero was not common in culture at that time). However, year zero is used in Astronomical year numbering and in ISO 8601.

    According to the majority of scholars, when calculating the year of the Nativity of Christ by the Roman hegumen Dionysius the Small in the 6th century, a small mistake was made (several years) 12.
    Record distribution

    The use of AD in chronology became widespread after the use of Bede the Venerable, starting from 731. Gradually, all Western European countries switched to this calendar. The last in the West, on August 22, 1422, Portugal (from the Spanish era) switched to the new calendar.

    In Russia, the last day of the Constantinople era was December 31, 7208 from the creation of the world; by decree of Peter I, the next day was already officially considered according to the new chronology from the Nativity of Christ on January 1, 1700.
    Conflict between secular and religious records

    There are a number of arguments for and against the use of secular notation (BC and CE) instead of religious notation (BC and AD).
    Arguments in support of the secular record

    The arguments in favor of the secular notation mostly boil down to its religious neutrality and convenience for cross-cultural use.

    The simplicity of the transition is also pointed out: no shift of years is required and, for example, 33 BC becomes 33 BC. e.

    It is also noted that the religious record is misleading regarding the year of Christ's birth. historical facts too vague to accurately establish this date.
    Arguments in support of the religious record

    Supporters of the religious notation believe that the replacement with a secular notation is historically incorrect, because even if a person does not share Christian beliefs, the calendar notation itself has Christian roots. In addition, many works already published use the entry from R. H..

    Also, supporters of such a record point to other calendar concepts borrowed from other religions (January Janus, March Mars, etc.).
    Arguments in support of both types of recording

    The date of the beginning of our era is shifted from the date of the Nativity of Christ by a constant value of the true shift, unknown modern science. The approximate value of the true shift according to various calculations is from 1 to 12 years. Thus, the dates are 33 A.D. and 33 A.D. e. these are two different dates, the true shift between which is constant but unknown. Due to the lack of a reliable value of the true shift and the rigid binding of the dates of recent events to the modern calendar from the beginning of AD. e. It is more convenient to count the dates of many events from the beginning of AD. e., but the dates of some events, especially the beginning of Christian times, are more convenient to count from the Nativity of Christ.

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    see also

    From the founding of the city
    Up to the present, a system for recording dates relating to the past
    Constantinople era
    Juche calendar
    Chronology
    New Age (New Religious Movement) English translation possible. New Age as a new era; chronological concept of a new era in English English. common era.

    Notes

    Doggett, L.E., (1992), Calendars in Seidelmann, P.K., The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac, Sausalito CA: University Science Books, p. 579.
    Bromiley Geoffrey W. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1

  10. the world may not be all Christians, but it is established that from the birth of Christ. After all, Christians came up with this countdown
  11. so what notable event happened on 01/01/01???