Stability and strength are two of the most important indicators that determine the performance characteristics of a structure.

1. Monolithic;
2. Made.

Monolithic structures are easier to manufacture and more convenient to use. They are characterized by a horizontal surface, while prefabricated ones have a sloped surface. But, in both versions, the monolithic pillar is located higher in relation to the glass.

Column-mounted glasses are made from high-quality materials with the inclusion of reinforced reinforced frames. Such structures have excellent stability and have an impressive service life.

What does the structure consist of?

In its structural state, the structure contains the following components:

When all of the listed elements are assembled into one structure, a prefabricated glass-type foundation is obtained from. Its distinctive feature is the sole, which can have a different area, but usually does not exceed 55 square meters. m.

Advantages and disadvantages of glass bases

What special advantages do these glass bases have?

The disadvantages of using this type of base
The need to use special heavy equipment may include:

• how to deliver products,
• and for their placement and installation.

Currently, various reinforced concrete supports are actively used: the difference lies in their size and weight.

During any construction, it is important to correctly determine the type of necessary elements, which must correspond to the type of planned buildings and the loads from them!

Foundation installation

For the construction of glass structures, it is important to adhere to the prescribed standards. The installation process is not that complicated if you strictly adhere to a certain sequence of work.

Steps to build a foundation

Properly installed glass (or higher quality), which is necessary for high bearing capacity and proper strength of future support pillars;

During the construction of the structure, a water absorption level of no higher than five percent must be ensured;

All structures are installed only after they have acquired the necessary strength;

Mandatory reinforcement of columns with special steel reinforcement is necessary;

The thickness of the mortar around metal rods must be at least 3 cm;

Cracks after drying with a size of no more than 1/10 of one mm are allowed;

During the installation process, after the support columns are installed, all existing special mounting loops should be removed.

The foundation is the basis of any building, regardless of what it is needed for. This could be a residential building - one-story or multi-level, an industrial facility, a warehouse-type building, a commercial building or the most ordinary outbuilding. Different types of foundations are used in construction. Most often, tape or slab is used. Such a base, completely filled and solid, is applicable on any soil. But for the construction of industrial buildings, you can use a glass-type foundation.

Characteristics of the glass base

This type of building foundation is qualitatively different from the commonly used foundation strip or monolithic slab. This is a point-based, non-solid foundation that takes on part of the load created by the building and distributes it in individual places where the pressure will be greatest.

For the construction of large but low-rise buildings, mainly for industrial purposes, glass-type column foundations are used. These are prefabricated concrete structures located in pre-designed locations in the form of “steps”. If the support of the tape is the sole, then a reinforced concrete product is used for the glass. The shape of such a foundation actually resembles trapezoidal steps, which become increasingly narrower towards the top of the structure.

Where is glass foundation used?

For individual construction of low-rise residential buildings, as well as complex construction of multi-level new buildings, only strip or monolithic foundations are used. In this case, you cannot use a point glass base. It should be used for the construction of the following buildings:

• industrial facilities - bridges over water bodies, structures for crossings and crossings over railway tracks;
• social infrastructure premises - underground garages and car parks;
• machine rooms at thermal and power plants;
• warehouse hangars for storing finished products or raw materials;
• sports and shopping complexes of a single-level type with a low weight structure.

Most often, the columnar foundation is a glass-type reinforced concrete foundation. Its main difference is that usually the customers of the structures are government agencies, municipal authorities or large industrial enterprises. This implies full compliance of the grounds with the stated technical requirements and GOSTs. To characterize the material used in construction, as well as the place where the glass base can be located, a specially developed series of foundations of a certain version, approved and tested by design institutes, is used. The series clearly states all the standards and requirements that the foundation must comply with.

Composition of glass foundation

Its constituent elements are the following prefabricated parts:

• a base plate that should be installed on a crushed stone-sand cushion located at the bottom of a dug pit;
• the column sill, it is the one that has the shape of a glass;
• a column that serves as a supporting element of a frame structure;
• concrete pillar needed to support support beams under framed walls.

Glass type principle

The design of a glass-type foundation completely depends on the area of ​​application of the future structure, its weight, and dimensions. It is permissible to erect this foundation for multi-story construction if the soil under the foundation is stable, not heaving and not loose. “Glass” is used on strong, motionless soil with deep groundwater.

Benefits of using a glass base

1. The structures are made from heavy reinforced concrete, but the total mass of the finished structure presses on the soil with minimal load due to its point location on the ground.
2. Installation is relatively quick, since all elements are prefabricated and have mounting loops. The use of special construction equipment is required to lift heavy parts, but installation time is still minimal.
3. Prefabricated foundations claim to have a long service life, which can reach one hundred years if construction technology is followed.
4. Water absorption is very low because the contact area with the soil is small. The entire structure is located on a monolithic slab, which does not allow moisture to negatively affect the base.
5. The reliability of a glass foundation is determined by the competent and uniform distribution of transverse and longitudinal loads.
6. Since the structure is prefabricated, it is easy to move if necessary.
7. Reasonable price. If you need to build a building of a very large area, then the costs of constructing a strip-type foundation will be enormous. The tape is continuous and runs along the entire perimeter of the structure. And the use of a columnar base can significantly reduce costs.

Step-by-step guide to building glasses

Preparing to lay the foundation

Installation of columnar foundations requires the mandatory use of construction equipment - excavators, cranes, winches.

1. A preparatory process aimed at thoroughly cleaning the surface under the foundation. It should be smooth. A pit of a given size is being dug. The laying level of a monolithic slab should not be less than one meter, as when sealing the sole of a strip base.
2. Compacting the trench using crushed stone and sand. Thanks to this, you can get a fairly smooth and uniform surface.
3. The columnar foundation should be erected using construction measuring tools, constantly monitoring the horizontal and vertical positions of the prefabricated structures. You need to use a level and a level.
4. Mandatory breakdown and marking of the prepared bed of axes on which each individual glass will be located using pegs.
5. Glasses that have already been delivered to the construction site should be cleared of possible debris. Using a crane, the elements are grabbed by the mounting loops and delivered to the monolithic support. You should center the position of the glass and slowly place it in the prepared place. The coincidence of the marks is checked.
6. Creating a kind of grid using a thread between the actually located elements.
7. Precast concrete foundations require constant inspection with a surveying tool. After each installation of the glass, measurements must be taken.
8. The excavated soil is poured back into the pit to the top of the block. After this, the support beams are installed on glasses or on special posts. The dimensions of the pit depend entirely on the type of building and its area. Sometimes it is necessary to dig up a large amount of earth if large-scale construction is planned.

Under the columns of industrial buildings, steel, reinforced concrete or wooden wedges are used, located around the element, two on each side. Their use is mandatory. They support the column during the concreting process. Later, the wooden wedges are removed, but the steel ones are left untouched for greater strength of the reinforcement.

The installation of glass-type foundations is focused on the constant leveling of the surfaces of prefabricated elements. The slightest displacement cannot be allowed, since the entire structure is a frame made of heavy concrete. When working, all design calculations must be observed. Those products that do not comply with GOST standards cannot be used. It may not be safe.

All work related to design, carrying out the necessary measurements, and soil analysis using special geodetic equipment should be carried out in strict compliance with the standards and requirements that apply to a columnar foundation. Most often, reinforced concrete prefabricated parts are used for the foundation. Their strength and composition are calculated at the manufacturer. The work is carried out by technical specialists, so the products simply must meet the stated design requirements.

Some features of a glass-type columnar foundation

To make the products very durable, reinforcing metal rods are used in the manufacture of glasses, monolithic slabs and columns. This securely holds the elements together. In addition, reinforcement also occurs during the installation of columns. When they are concreted into the bottom of a glass, the steel rods are not removed when pouring the concrete, but are left inside the glass for greater strength of the finished structure.

The construction of a glass foundation is very different from the installation of a strip foundation. For the columnar type, prefabricated parts are used, manufactured directly at the factory, therefore formwork for the work is necessary when securing the nest-forming glass. It is sheathed with metal sheets and filled with concrete to the design mark. The column is installed directly at the bottom of the glass and a fairly reliable lock is formed.

For the construction of industrial facilities, you can use not only prefabricated, but also monolithic columnar glass-type foundations. It is a more powerful stepped structure that can withstand a very large load and significant weight of the structure. The steps and their height depend entirely on the dimensions of the proposed building. Columns are tied to coordinate axes. Monolithic structures have some advantage because they are able to more “relieve” the pressure on the base.

Concreting all elements is a necessary condition for the careful construction of the building. The prefabricated parts themselves are made of heavy concrete; the use of reliable reinforcing mesh is mandatory. Concrete is taken of high quality, usually a grade no lower than M200B2 is used, so that the structure can withstand the pressure of the building under construction. Concrete structures can be used in construction only after they have gained high strength.

The foundation beam is an integral element of the foundation. It is located on columns resting on the pillars. The load-bearing walls of the building must be located on these beams. You can also install beams on column consoles. The connection between the glass-type foundation and the foundation beam must be strong. This is achieved by concreting and high-quality metal reinforcement of the finished structure.

Installation of column elements

The columns, transported in advance to the construction site, must be laid out so that the equipment can easily and without unnecessary movements reach them and install these elements. Columns are measured to determine where to place slinging and lifting.

Correct installation of columns includes a system for applying marks. The crane moves along the row and can install two columns at once in one parking lot. The alignment of the columns and the base must be ideal so that the beams do not subsequently shift.

Install support beams. New markings are carried out and the design values ​​​​of the location of the columns are checked. After this, the mounting elements are cleaned, the beams are secured with ropes, lifted and slowly suspended over the column, lowering the beam all the way very carefully and in accordance with the risks.

The beams are first bolted, the alignment of the entire structure is checked again, and only after that the columns are carefully strengthened in the console.

Glass-type foundations for columns are sometimes even used for the construction of cottages, the large terrace of which goes, for example, directly to the water. It's very convenient and beautiful. The use of glass bases is quite widespread, but in individual construction it has some limitations.

Glass-type foundation: characteristics, scope and main installation features

You've probably heard about many types of foundations for buildings. This article examines a glass-type foundation.

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

Reinforced concrete foundations

prefabricated frame columns

cross-species use

for multi-storey buildings

Specifications

GOST 24476-80

STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE of the USSR

Moscow

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

By Decree of the USSR State Committee for Construction Affairs dated December 18, 1980 No. 202, the introduction date was established

* Reissue (August 1988). With Change No. 1, approved in January 1987 (IUS 5-87),

from 01.01.82

This standard applies to prefabricated reinforced concrete foundations of glass type, made from heavy concrete and intended for use in multi-storey frame-panel public buildings, industrial and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises, designed from structures of series 1.020-1/83, 1.020.1-2с and erected in non-seismic and seismic areas, in soils and groundwater with non-aggressive, weakly and moderately aggressive degrees of impact on reinforced concrete structures.

This standard does not apply to foundations intended for use in buildings erected on subsiding and permafrost soils and in undermined areas.

1. Types, main parameters and sizes

1.1. Foundations are divided into the following types:

1F - foundations for columns with a cross section of dimensions 300´ 300 mm;

2F - the same, for columns with a cross section measuring 400´ 400 mm.

1.2. The shape and dimensions of the foundations, as well as their material consumption indicators, must correspond to those indicated in the drawing and table.

Foundations of standard sizes Foundations of standard sizes

1F12.8; 2F12.9 1F15.8; 1F15.9; 1F18.8;

1F18.9; 1F21.8; 1F21.9;

2F15.9; 2F18.9; 2F18.11;

2F21.9; 2F21.11

1 - mounting loop

	Foundation dimensions, mm							Concrete grade	Consumption of materials		Foundation weight
Foundation brand								by compressive strength	Concrete, m 3	Steel, kg	ment (reference), t

1.1.1.2. (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

1.3. The bearing capacity of foundations, depending on the existing forces, is taken according to working drawings.

1.4. Foundations are made with mounting loops.

The manufacture of foundations without mounting loops and the use of gripping devices for their lifting and installation is permitted by agreement between the manufacturer, consumer and the design organization - the author of the project.

1.5. Foundations should be marked with marks in accordance with GOST 23009-78.

The foundation brand consists of one or two alphanumeric groups separated by a dash.

The first group contains the designation of the type of foundation, the length (width) of the base and the height of the foundation in decimeters (the height value is rounded to the nearest whole number).

The second group contains a designation of the bearing capacity of the foundation, and for foundations intended for operation in an aggressive environment, it additionally contains an indicator of concrete permeability, denoted by the letter:

N - normal permeability;

P - reduced permeability.

Example of a symbol(brands) of foundation type 1F with a base of dimensions 1800´ 1800 mm, height 750 mm, first load-bearing capacity, intended for use in non-aggressive environments:

1F18.8 - 1

The same, type 2F with sole size 1500´ 1500 mm, height 900 mm, second load-bearing capacity, made of low-permeability concrete:

2F15.9 - 2P.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2. Technical requirements

2.1. Foundations should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard and technological documentation approved in the prescribed manner, according to working drawings of series 1.020-1/83 and 1.020.1-2c.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.2. Foundations should be manufactured in steel forms that meet the requirements of GOST 25781-83.

It is allowed to manufacture foundations in non-metallic forms that ensure compliance with the requirements of this standard for the quality and accuracy of foundation manufacturing.

2.3. Concrete

2.3.1. The actual strength of concrete (at design age and tempering) must correspond to the required one, assigned according to GOST 18105-86, depending on the standardized strength of concrete indicated in the table and on the indicator of the actual uniformity of concrete strength.

2.3.2. Delivery of foundations to the consumer should be made after the concrete reaches the required tempering strength.

The value of the standardized tempering strength of foundation concrete should be taken equal to 70% of the concrete grade in terms of compressive strength. When delivering foundations in the cold season, the value of the standardized tempering strength of concrete can be increased, but not more than 90% of the compressive strength grade. The value of the standardized tempering strength of concrete must correspond to that specified in the design documentation for a specific building and in the order for the manufacture of foundations in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015.0-83.

The supply of foundations with a tempering strength of concrete lower than the strength corresponding to its grade in terms of compressive strength is carried out provided that the manufacturer guarantees that the concrete foundation achieves the required strength at the design age, determined by the results of testing control samples made from a concrete mixture of the working composition and stored in conditions according to GOST 18105-86.

2.3.3. The frost resistance of concrete foundations must correspond to the frost resistance grade established by the working drawings of the project of a specific building in accordance with the requirements of chapter SNiP 2.03.01-84, depending on the climatic conditions of the construction area and specified in the order for the manufacture of foundations.

2.3.4. Concrete, as well as materials for preparing concrete foundations used in conditions of exposure to an aggressive environment, must meet the requirements established by the building design in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.03.11-85 and specified in the order for the manufacture of foundations.

2.3.1-2.3.4 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.3.5. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

2.3.6. The materials used for preparing concrete must meet the requirements of state standards or duly approved technical specifications and ensure compliance with the technical requirements for concrete established by this standard.

2.4. Reinforcing products

2.4.1. The shape and dimensions of the reinforcement products and their position in the foundations must correspond to those indicated in the working drawings.

2.4.2. For reinforcement of foundations, hot-rolled reinforcing steel of class A- should be used III according to GOST 5781-82 or thermomechanically strengthened reinforcing steel of class At- IIIC according to GOST 10884-81.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

2.4.3. For the manufacture of foundation mounting loops, smooth hot-rolled rod reinforcement of class A- should be used. I grades VStZps2 and VStZsp2 or periodic profile class Ac- II grade 10 GT according to GOST 5781-82.

Steel grade VStZps2 is not allowed to be used for mounting loops intended for lifting and installing foundations at temperatures below minus 40° WITH.

2.4.4. Welded reinforcement products must comply with the requirements of GOST 10922-75.

2.4.5. Welded connections of reinforcing mesh should be carried out by contact welding. All intersections of rods are subject to welding.

2.5. Precision manufacturing of foundations

2.5.1. Deviations of the actual dimensions of the foundations from the nominal ones given in the working drawings should not exceed, mm:

length (width) …………………………±16

in height……………………………± 10

Deviations from the nominal dimensions of the column cup and foundation protrusions should not exceed ± 5 mm.

2.5.2. The deviation from the flatness of the base of the foundations should not exceed ± 5 mm.

2.5.3. Deviations from the nominal thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement should not exceed + 10; - 5 mm.

2.6. Quality of foundation surfaces

2.6.1. Requirements for the quality of surfaces and appearance of foundations (including requirements for the permissible opening width of technological cracks) - in accordance with GOST 13015.0-83.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

3. Acceptance

3.1. Rules for acceptance of foundations - in accordance with GOST 13015.1-81 and this standard.

The number of foundations in a batch should be no more than 200.

3.2. Foundations accept:

based on the results of periodic tests - on the frost resistance of concrete, as well as on the water resistance of concrete foundations intended for operation in an environment with an aggressive degree of impact on reinforced concrete structures;

based on the results of acceptance tests - in terms of concrete strength (concrete grade in terms of compressive strength, tempering strength), compliance of reinforcement products with working drawings, strength of welded joints, accuracy of geometric parameters, thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement, width of opening of technological cracks and category concrete surface.

3.3. When accepting foundations in terms of the accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete before the reinforcement, the width of the opening of technological cracks and the category of the concrete surface, one-stage selective control should be used.

3.4. Acceptance of foundations according to indicators verified by inspection: the presence of mounting loops, correct application of markings and signs - should be carried out through continuous control with the rejection of foundations that have defects according to the specified indicators.

Sec. 3 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4. Control and testing methods

4.1. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

4.2. The compressive strength of concrete should be determined according to GOST 10180-78 on a series of samples made from a concrete mixture of the working composition and stored under the conditions established by GOST 18105-86.

The tempering strength of concrete should be determined by non-destructive methods according to GOST 17624-87, GOST 21243-75, GOST 22690.0-77 - GOST 22690.4-77.

4.3. The frost resistance of concrete should be determined according to GOST 10060-87 on a series of samples made from a concrete mixture of the working composition.

4.4. The water resistance of concrete (if necessary) should be determined on a series of samples made from a concrete mixture of the working composition, in accordance with GOST 12730.0-78 and GOST 12730.5-84.

(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

4.5. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

4.6. Methods of control and testing of welded reinforcement products in accordance with GOST 10922-75.

4.7. The thickness of the protective layer and the position of the reinforcement in the concrete of the foundations should be determined by non-destructive methods in accordance with GOST 17625-83 or GOST 22904-78.

In the absence of the necessary equipment, it is allowed to cut down furrows and expose the foundation reinforcement with subsequent sealing of the furrows.

4.8. Dimensions, deviation from flatness, quality of foundation surfaces, position of mounting loops, thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement should be checked in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015-75 and this standard.

4.9. Methods of control and testing of source materials for the manufacture of foundations must comply with those established in the standards or technical specifications for these materials.

5. Labeling, storage and transportation

5.1. Marking of foundations - according to GOST 13015.2-81. Markings and signs should be placed on the side edge of the foundation.

5.2. Requirements for the document on the quality of foundations supplied to the consumer are in accordance with GOST 13015.3-81.

Additionally, the document on the quality of foundations must indicate the grade of concrete for frost resistance, and for foundations intended for use in aggressive environments, the water resistance of concrete (if these indicators are specified in the order for the manufacture of foundations).

5.3. The foundations should be transported and stored in working position in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015.4-84 and this standard.

5.1-5.3 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).

5.4. Foundations should be stored in stacks sorted by brand and batch. The height of the foundation stack should not exceed two rows.

5.5. During storage, each foundation should be laid on wooden stock pads and pads. The thickness of the gaskets must be at least 100 mm, the thickness of the linings - at least 30 mm. Gaskets and linings in a stack must be placed along the same vertical line.

The pads under the bottom row of foundations should be laid on a dense, carefully leveled base.

5.6. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).

5.7. Transportation of foundations should be carried out in one row on wooden supports with reliable fastening that protects them from displacement during transportation.

A glass-type foundation is used to construct a foundation for reinforced concrete or metal columns. This type of foundation is a type of columnar foundation. One of the main advantages that sets it apart from other common structures is its high strength. Basically, the task of this foundation is the same as the functions of the pillow in a strip foundation. That is, it serves as a support for the main structure. These designs (glass and tape) also have a number of differences. The main one is that the prefabricated or monolithic pillar is located higher than the glass. That is, its upper part is not filled with concrete, but is made using a ready-made structure (prefabricated bases). The installation of columns in foundation glasses must be carried out in compliance with a number of rules and regulations, which you can learn about below.

The glass foundation is used as a base for concrete columns.

Manufacturing technology and requirements for glass-type foundations

The construction of such structures is carried out using a reinforced reinforcement and concrete scheme. It is thanks to this that glass-type foundations have a longer service life.

Such foundations are not intended for use in individual construction.

The construction of such structures is carried out during the construction of bridges and industrial facilities.

Glass-type foundations cannot be installed on heaving and subsiding soils. The installation technology involves the installation of reinforced concrete or metal columns, the installation of which is carried out in a special glass, after which fixation is performed.

Foundation blocks must comply with a number of requirements and standards set forth in the relevant GOST, namely:

1. The concrete from which the foundation blocks are made must correspond to grade 200 and have a water resistance characteristic of B2.
2. Finished blocks can be transported to sites only after the material (concrete) has gained the required strength.
3. Reinforcement when constructing a glass-type foundation is mandatory. The minimum thickness of the layer around the reinforcement bars is 30 mm.
4. Exposed rods in finished products are regarded as defective; the use of such blocks is strictly prohibited.
5. The technology prohibits the use of concrete products with cracks larger than 0.1 mm;
6. When carrying out construction work, it is necessary to carefully remove the mounting loops on the product; driving them into the structure is strictly prohibited.

Return to contents

In what cases is it advisable to install such a foundation?

Most often, glass-type foundations are installed in the following cases:

a) pillars,
b) slabs.

1. During the construction of various industrial buildings, in particular when installing columns.
2. In power plants and the nuclear industry when installing racks for basement condensation rooms in the engine room.

Among the main advantages of glass-type foundations are the following:

1. Factory-produced blocks are of higher quality compared to products manufactured directly on the construction site.
2. Such reinforced concrete products are characterized by all the necessary properties and qualities, which are impossible to do without during the construction of industrial buildings and other facilities.
3. The installation technology is relatively simple.
4. Saving time and effort when performing installation work.

Dimensions of the finished monolithic reinforced concrete glass-type foundation.

As for the disadvantages characteristic of glass-type foundations, among them we can highlight the need to use special heavy equipment, the relatively high cost, as well as the need to transport individual elements from the manufacturing plant.

Installation of such foundations is carried out using the following tools:

1. Welding machine.
2. Bulgarians.
3. Roulettes.
4. Hammer.
5. Level.
6. Construction level.

Return to contents

Features and procedure for installing a glass-type foundation

Scheme of glass bases.

Glass-type installations for columns are carried out under the mandatory supervision of authorized specialists, ensuring strict compliance with all requirements established by state standards. In the process of arranging such foundations, reinforced concrete products go through several very important stages.

Before installation begins, the surface is prepared. It needs to be carefully leveled, because... In the future, reinforced concrete beams will be installed, the displacement of which is extremely undesirable, and even impossible.

After this, the installation of recesses (pits) is carried out. Do not forget that after the recesses are ready, they must be compacted with gravel. Next, you can begin tamping and laying the foundation. At this stage, the soil is additionally compacted and blocks are installed.

The entire process of installing structures is accompanied by a number of manipulations aimed at adjusting the surface, namely achieving its evenness. The axial position and horizontal accuracy of all elements of the system are controlled using surveying instruments. After the glasses are installed, you need to ensure their reliable protection from possible contamination.

It is necessary to recall once again that the main purpose for which glass-type installation is carried out is to uniformly distribute the loads coming from the building over the entire surface of the earth. In view of this, the installation of such a foundation can be carried out exclusively on soil characterized by high bearing capacity and resistance to heaving and subsidence.

When performing, you must carefully adhere to all recommended indicators of frost resistance and compressive strength. And only in this case will you be guaranteed the highest quality of the foundation, as well as the absence of deformation changes and cracks in the walls.

Although the production of foundation cups is quite complex, requiring formwork and reinforcement, as a result, the use of such products simplifies installation and significantly reduces the financial costs of constructing a foundation.

There are several options for this type of foundation available on the market. They differ in size, weight and, accordingly, cost.

Modern glass foundations are made from reinforced concrete; they are one of the types of columnar structures, but are more stable. These are not just ordinary pillars, but large reinforced concrete “shoes” that are installed in prepared holes on a compacted surface. Among the features, it should be noted that installing this type of foundation is recommended for small frame houses, but this can only be done on very stable soil, since the foundation will distribute the load from the structure. In modern construction, this design is not used so often.

Glass is one of the varieties of columnar structures, but they are more stable.

Peculiarities

When constructing such foundations, they must be laid out in strict accordance with technology. They are most often used for frame houses. The areas of application of this type of foundation for a house are:

Monolithic columnar foundation of glass type: 1 – slab (with one or two ledges), 2 – sub-column, 3 – 3-prefabricated reinforced concrete column, 4 – glass, 5 – horizontal grooves on the column for better fixing it in the glass, 6 – concrete preparation , hс – depth of the glass, hф – height, a, b – dimensions of the sole, ak, bк – dimensions of the column.

• for small industrial buildings;
• if necessary, the construction of racks for condensation rooms, basements and basements;
• for residential individual houses of frame type. These are ideal for small wooden buildings with up to three floors.

The advantages of such glass bases are:

• columns are produced in industrial conditions, which guarantees their proper quality, stability, and durability;
• The installation of such supports is much simpler than for other types, which allows you to reduce installation time and resources with correctly selected sizes.

There are also disadvantages, including the need to use heavy equipment to deliver columns and place them on the site. Today, reinforced concrete supports are used, which differ not only in size, but also in weight. When building a house, it is worth choosing the right elements that fully correspond to the planned loads from the building structures.

Installation work

During construction, glass structures require that builders strictly adhere to all standards. The installation itself is not very difficult if the proper sequence of work is followed:

Installation diagram: 1 - crawler crane, 2 - position of foundation blocks before lifting, 3 - block at the design level, 4 - four-leg sling.

• proper preparation of the soil surface for work. During installation, the soil must first be marked and carefully leveled. Since reinforced concrete beams will be installed, which must not be moved under any circumstances, the soil surface should be carefully leveled. If a suitable site cannot be found, then adding soil and compacting it tightly is allowed;
• After preparing the soil, you can start digging holes, which should be located in pre-marked areas. After the holes have been dug, the bottom must be compacted with gravel;
• After compaction it is necessary to place blocks. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the surface and all installed elements are strictly horizontal. To do this, you can use a building level or level. After all the elements under the glass foundations have been placed, it is necessary to carefully protect them from any contamination.

Glass foundations ensure proper distribution of the load from the entire structure over the ground surface.

The soil must be resistant to heaving, deformation, and subsidence.

All technical requirements during construction must be regulated by special GOST 23972/80.

This is what ensures the absence of subsidence of the house and the appearance of cracks on its walls, that is, it creates reliability and a longer service life. But during installation, it is necessary to immediately take measures to ensure frost resistance and compressive strength. All technical requirements during construction must be regulated by special GOST 23972/80. These include the following rules:

• concrete grades no lower than M200 B2 can be used, as this has a significant impact on the strength and load-bearing capacity of future support columns;
• all structures can be erected only after they have gained sufficient strength;
• when constructing a structure, it is necessary to ensure that the level of water absorption is no more than 5%;
• Reinforcement of columns with metal reinforcement is mandatory;
• the thickness of the mortar layer around the reinforcing elements should be from 3 cm, no less;
• if cracks occur during drying, their maximum thickness can be up to 1/10 mm;
• During installation, it is necessary to remove all special mounting loops after the support columns have been installed.

Cost calculation

Types of glass type: a - high, b - with a pillar, 1 - column, 2 - popliteal, 3 - joint of a column with a pillar.

The construction of a foundation cup requires the purchase of not only reinforcement, but also formwork. To reduce the cost of the work carried out, it is necessary to choose the right columns for the future structure. Today, manufacturers offer various materials, the cost of which varies depending on their characteristics. Calculating the budget for the entire foundation is quite simple; you just need to select the appropriate columns and determine their number (foundations for buildings of different sizes may have different numbers of such columns). The total cost should take into account formwork, cement mortar, delivery of materials and digging. The columns themselves, which are perfect for a glass foundation, have the following cost.