Storm sewage (also called rainwater and stormwater) is designed to collect, drain from the roofs of houses, land, road surfaces of water that appears as a result of precipitation. Storm drainage (not to be confused with deep ground drainage, designed to lower the groundwater level!) Is especially relevant for areas located in lowlands, for flood areas, for areas that receive significant amounts of precipitation. After all, large water can lead to flooding of the territory, erode the base of the foundation, flood the basement and swamp the soil. Rain sewerage is designed to protect the house, the site from such troubles.

Storm sewer- this is a system of special trays, pipes, sand traps, plugs, siphons, storm water inlets (or storm wells) and other elements, depending on its type. The storm sewer scheme will include different elements in one case or another. The main purpose of the system is to collect surface water into a single stream and send it to the sewer.

Important! It is impossible to drain water from storm sewers into a deep ground drainage system! They are often mounted parallel to each other at the same angle, but they are two different systems. Storm drainage is above ground.

Classification according to the method of removal of precipitation

1. Open type (surface drainage) - rainwater is discharged by a system of open gutters (channels, trays) outside the site. Trays for storm sewers are often recessed, fixed with cement mortar or installed in paths, blind areas and other elements. Special gratings for storm sewers (removable) are installed on the gutters from above. The open type system is most often used in private small areas, in small settlements with low population density.

An open-type storm sewer looks good as an element of landscape design

2. Closed type (deep drainage) - water is collected by special built-in trays, sand traps. Then, through pipes, it enters storm water inlets (storm wells), and then it is sent to the sewer network along an inclined line or with the help of pumping equipment.

After passing through the sewer collector, it enters the thalwegs, treatment facilities, and artificial reservoirs. This system is used in cities, large settlements, and sometimes in private areas.

Storm sewers of a closed type will be completely hidden from view

3. Mixed type - consists of underground pipes and street trays. In this design, stormwater drainage is carried out by gravity, except in cases of unfavorable terrain conditions. The route of the storm network is laid along the shortest distance to the point of discharge into the sewer or reservoir. Non-pressure reinforced concrete pipes are used. This option is suitable for the purpose of reducing construction costs.

Types of drainage by type of drainage system

1. Point storm drainage. It is carried out using local drainage systems (rain wells) in order to collect water from any one point area, for example, from the roof of a cottage. They are mounted under drainpipes or watering taps. They have a removable grille, are equipped with a filter basket that traps debris brought by water. They are connected to underground sewer pipes, which carry the flow of storm water into a collector well.

Point drainage - an element of the drainage system

2. Linear storm drainage is carried out in order to collect precipitation from a large area. Designed to solve the problem of water disposal in a complex way.

Linear drainage is designed for drainage of wastewater from a large area

Used: linear drainage systems (gutters, trays, channels) and sand traps - containers that trap sand and small debris. Inside the sand trap there is a basket in which debris accumulates. Storm drain cleaning begins with emptying these baskets.

Storm sewer design

Stormwater and stormwater treatment facilities are included in all development projects of large settlements, industrial areas. But many owners of private property will have to take care of the construction of such a structure on their own: turn to specialists, or make storm drainage with their own hands. There is nothing fundamentally difficult in this, especially if there is a sewerage system in the settlement, and the stormwater must be connected to it.

Sometimes it is enough to dig a gutter or just put a barrel under the drainpipes. But if there is no sewerage in a flood-prone area, you will have to dig trenches, create a rain sewer of a closed or mixed type. In any case, this is preceded by an accurate calculation, a lot of preparatory work.

SNiP and necessary documentation

The design of a storm drain must be carried out in accordance with the normative act SNiP 2.04.03 - 85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures”. Before this, the following working documentation must be drawn up:

— general data and working drawings;
- plan of the sewer network;
— network profile in longitudinal section;
- a statement of the planned scope of work.

Parameters required for design and calculations

1. Landscape and geological features of the territory
2. Architectural specifics of structures
3. Average rainfall
4. Locations of engineering communications
5. Areas of runoff

Installation of a precipitation disposal system

Storm sewer assembly (click to enlarge)

1. First, mark the territory
2. Prepare drainage pipes (usually PVC with a diameter of approximately 110 mm), which will be connected with a double sleeve.
3. They dig trenches and carefully compact the soil, make a sand cushion (or from crushed stone) about 8 cm thick, and then lay pipes. The slope of the storm sewer towards the spillway should be 1-2 cm / meter. The earth is covered back and thrombused in layers.

Important! The depth of the storm sewer is determined by the strength of the pipes, which are divided into load classes: A 15; B 125; C250; D400; E 600; F 900. The less durable pipes are used, the less soil layer on top.

4. Rainwater wells are mounted.

Note! Under the downpipe, the storm drain is mounted vertically.

Storm sewer wells serve as a place where all storm water from the site enters, and then into the sewer. The role of the well is not only to collect water, but also to provide access to the storm system for cleaning it.

5. All elements of the system are connected to each other and a test run of water is made.

Here are the main steps. It is important to understand, understand what type of rainwater drainage system you need, and then get to work.

There are many reasons why a house has to be built on a site with high groundwater. But the consequence is always the same - if you do not equip protection against flooding, then every spring water will arrive at the site, erode the soil, foundation and basement of the house.

A properly installed drainage system and storm sewer will help solve the problem. If the level of groundwater is known even at the stage of buying a site, then it is most advantageous to plan the arrangement of drainage and storm water along with the construction of the house itself. In such cases, you can save money and make stormwater and drainage in one trench.

By conducting storm and drainage sewers even at the construction stage, you can get rid of many problems in the future. Source pro-remont.org

Why do we need drainage and storm sewers

The main task of the "stormwater" (i.e. storm system) is to collect, using interconnected gutters and pipes, water from the roof - rain or melt. The storm drain consists of two parts - external (gutters under the roof) and underground (receivers and pipes that drain water from the house). Water from the roof and blind area enters the part that is in the ground, and then it is removed from the site.

Drainage sewage is needed in order to collect excess water from the ground, i.e. drain it. The main task of drainage is to prevent an increase in the level of groundwater, to prevent flooding of the site.

Since both systems provide for the removal of water into special storage tanks, the combined scheme of drainage and stormwater drainage looks very attractive in terms of functionality and economy. The collected water can be used for technical purposes, such as irrigation.

It is important!"In the same trench" does not mean that the same pipes are used for stormwater and drainage. Such a scheme is strictly prohibited for the reason that during seasonal increases in the amount of precipitation, the storm drain systematically overflows. If the same pipe works as a drainage pipe, then at best the drainage will temporarily stop functioning.

Drainage and storm sewers: varieties of these systems and their features

The systems have a completely different structure, of similar elements only pipes and wells. At the same time, they differ not only in structure, but also in the method of installation.

Drainage sewerage (closed type)

It is located only underground, respectively, refers to the closed type of sewer systems. The only elements that are partially located above the surface are wells.

Source domstroim.org

There are several factors that determine whether a site needs a drainage system or not. It is done in such cases:

if the aquifer is located high enough on the site;

the soil is clayey or loamy;

in the area where the site is located, floods often occur;

a deep foundation is being built;

The site is located in a lowland.

If one of these conditions is met, then most likely without drainage there will be problems with flooding or high humidity of the basement and foundation.

The drainage system consists of the following elements:

Drains(drainage pipes for sewerage, made of geotextile and perforated, through which water enters the drainage).

Sand traps(do not allow pipes to become clogged with frequent ingress of silt and sand).

System drainage system. Leads water cleared of silt and sand directly into drainage wells.

Multiple types wells.

After the wells, where the water is purified, it enters the common reservoir, and then it is either used for personal needs or discharged into the sewage system.

Materials from which drains are made:

Plastic. Durable, not very expensive, very strong and resistant to low temperatures.

It looks like a plastic drainage intermediate well Source kostroma.moydom.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of design and installation of water supply and sewerage. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

asbestos cement. Cheap, but very short-lived - after a few years, growths may appear on asbestos-cement pipes.

Ceramics. Before the advent of plastic, ceramic was the best option.

Standards pipes:

marking SN 2-4 (depth up to 3 meters);

marking SN 6 and what goes higher for depths up to 5 meters.

Video description

An example of the arrangement of the drainage system is shown in the video:

Storm sewer device (open type)

"Shower" consists of two parts - upper and lower. The system includes:

gutters, into which water enters from the roof, and which lead it further;

funnels and vertical pipes. Water enters the funnels and further, through vertical pipes, it enters the lower part of the "storm drain";

clamps to strengthen pipes when they are connected;

tees and elbows, which connect horizontal and vertical pipes to each other, a funnel can also be attached there;

wells.

The system is assembled as a constructor, it is necessary to draw up a drawing of the system, carefully fasten the parts and get a ready-made storm sewer.

Most often for gutters are used such materials:

galvanized iron;

• plastic (PVC).

What the storm drain will be made of is selected depending on the device of the house, its architecture and the material from which the roof is made. It is possible to supplement the gutters with nets and an anti-icing cable so that ice does not clog the water outlet in spring.

Arrangement of an anti-icing system on the roof of a house Source rmnt.ru

For the manufacture of intermediate and main wells, the following materials are used:

PVC(expensive, but very effective option);

brick and stone(durable, but should be properly assembled);

Reinforced concrete rings(difficult to install);

Their design is exactly the same as that of a closed drainage.

Combination of storm and drainage sewers

The entire system is installed in one trench. The scheme of drainage and storm sewers on the site is quite simple. Through the nodal tee, water from the outside and from the inside (precipitation and groundwater) will enter the drainage well.

Drainage pipes run throughout the site, collect water and then it is discharged into wells, where it is pumped out of the site by a pump. In the “storm drain”, water is collected and discharged into a collector drain, after which, through the well mentioned above, it enters the main pipe system, which exists independently from the drainage, but in one trench (perforation is not needed for the storm system). Through the system of main pipes, water enters the bypass well, in which, as well as in the drainage, it is pumped out by a pump.

Usually the main well is located at the lowest point of the site and water has to be pumped out of it with a pump. Source dp32.ru

The connection of the storm and drainage systems is very advantageous, all that is required is a wide trench, all that is needed is to designate a place for a diversion line in which the water from both systems will go in different ways so that they are not overloaded.

Through the nodal tee, water from the outside and from the inside (precipitation and groundwater) will enter the drainage well.

The principle of operation of drainage and storm sewers

Storm sewerage: point drainage system. Point elements are needed to collect precipitation, whether it be rain, melted snow, melted hail. Water can be sent through the gutters to the drainage system, and then sent to special ditches with gratings, through which water will be removed from the site. It is very important when the building is located on a slope, since when choosing the right angle, it will not be necessary to build additional gutters, but to drain water directly into the ditches.

With linear drainage, water is discharged through gutters, funnels into a special main system consisting of pipes that are suitable for drainage and storm sewers. Further along this main system, the effluents enter the collector, and then, depending on the project, the water may go into the reservoir, or maybe beyond the site.

Source dp32.ru

With deep drainage, water from rising groundwater is gradually, in separate parts, discharged into the well, and from there it is pumped out and discharged. Such a system has 3 types:

Horizontal;

Vertical;

Wall mounted. If there is a basement or basement in the house, it is required to divert groundwater from them. Wall drainage copes most effectively - a moisture collector is arranged near the walls, and the wall itself is carefully waterproofed.

Care and instructions for use

Both systems require regular inspection and cleaning of silt, sand, clay and other debris. Seasonal inspections are required - in late autumn, when the rainy season ends, and at the end of winter, to make sure that the culvert is not affected. Despite various filters, sand traps and nets for debris, dirt still gets inside. They are everywhere: in pipes, gutters and wells. If left untreated, the system will simply clog up and stop functioning.

Timely cleaning of the pipes of the drainage and storm water disposal system in the country will avoid many problems. Source dp32.ru

To clean the pipe, it is enough to turn on the pump at maximum power and drive ordinary water from the hose through the pipes, it will collect all the dirt and bring it to the well. Water can be poured into the gutters and it will also collect all the dirt and then go through the vertical pipes. The stronger the pressure, the more dirt and debris will go away.

Already in the pump, all the water is pumped out with an even more powerful pump or sludge pump, when all the water runs out, it will be necessary to clean the walls. Most often, flushing ends with this, but if the system has not been looked after for a long time, it happens that you have to manually clean the walls and bottom of the well with a scraper. Therefore, regular cleaning is essential to keep both systems running stably.

Rules for installing a dual system

Competent installation of the combined system must be carried out according to a pre-created project, which indicates the nuances regarding the connection to the site and the synchronization of the operation of the wells, so that both drainage and “storm water” work properly both in normal mode and during overload.

During installation, the following nuances must be taken into account:

The arrangement of the drainage system is quite an expensive pleasure. If something goes wrong and after a few years the drainage stops working, then it will cost no less to restore it than to carry out a new one, especially considering that the landscape design will have to be “picked open”. As a result, the arrangement of drainage should be handled by professionals.

During the flood period, each of the systems will be overloaded. Since they collect moisture from different sources, drains must be laid separately for each system. You can do this in the same trench, but at different depths. A public well can be used to collect water.

When digging trenches for drains, you should definitely take into account that the bottom of the pit will be covered with rubble and sand. This means that if it is necessary to place a drain at a certain depth, the hole must be dug deeper to the thickness of the layers of sand and gravel.

The pit for the well of the drainage system must be deep enough Source besplatka.ua

Usually, water is collected in a reservoir (pit or reservoir), from where it is used for technical needs or pumped into water bodies or simply away from the site. If perforated pipes are used for drainage, then the outlet pipes are always solid. When combining them in one trench vertically, perforated ones are laid from below, and ordinary ones from above.

If the main pipes and drains are combined horizontally in the trench, then they are laid in parallel, at a small distance from each other (so that if the main pipe is damaged, water from there does not enter the drainage system and does not overload it).

Video description

About the installation of the storm system and drainage in the following video:

Conclusion

A combined drainage and storm sewer system is not only an effective way to get rid of flooding of the site, but also a fairly advantageous offer, as it will simplify the system and save on the purchase of many additional elements. It turns out that the integrity of the foundation will be preserved and money will be saved on waterproofing and arranging both sewers separately.

So that there is no flood on the site after each rain, so that the foundation does not get wet and does not collapse, it is necessary to ensure the removal of precipitation. For this, rainwater is needed. We can see it in cities - this is a system of water intake devices and canals. Storm sewerage in a private house is smaller, but its essence is the same. This is not to say that it is easy to do, but you can do it yourself, especially if you have already done something on the site with your own hands.

What is a private house storm sewer system and what is it like

In regions with a high amount of precipitation, it is necessary to divert rain and melt water somewhere. If this is not done, the paths are gradually destroyed, the earth in the yard becomes limp, and then dries out for a long time. If you still do not make a blind area around the house, rainwater will wash and gradually destroy the foundation. In general, storm sewers in a private house are the key to the longevity of your home, order and neat appearance on your site. This type of engineering systems is also called stormwater or rainwater drainage.

The composition of the system is as follows:

Where to put water

Most of the questions arise with what to do with the rapidly pouring precipitation. Firstly, a storm sewer in a private house can become a supplier of water for irrigation. To do this, all the pipes of the system are reduced to a large container or several containers, and from there, using a pump, they can be pumped into the irrigation system.

Secondly, if there is nothing to water or nowhere to put such a volume of liquid, it is possible to divert storm water into a centralized sewer, a gutter located near a reservoir. If these opportunities cannot be realized, they arrange a system for discharging water into the ground. These are perforated plastic pipes buried below ground level.

Types and their features

Storm sewers in a private house can be of three types:

In each case, you have to design your own scheme - there is no single recipe. Each has its own site with its features: the absorbency of the soil, relief, building, layout.

What exactly needs to be done is to divert water away from the house. This can be done as in the photo above - by installing gutters in the path and draining water onto the lawn. But this is just one of many options. The second place where it is desirable to divert water is a vast paved area. As a rule, large puddles form here, which are difficult to deal with. You can solve the problem by making one or more water collection points - put point storm water inlets and divert water according to one of the recipes.

Combined or separate

Often in a private house it is necessary to do three drainage systems at once:

• drainage;
• storm.

Often they run parallel or are located close to each other. Naturally, there is a desire to save money and combine storm water with some other. In particular, to use an existing well. It must be said right away that it is better not to do this. Why? During a rainstorm, water comes at a very high speed. On average - from 10 cubic meters per hour (maybe more). At this rate of water flow, the well fills up very quickly. Sometimes it overflows.

If the discharge goes into the sewer well, water begins to flow into the sewer pipes. It will not rise above the ground level, but you will not be able to lower anything - everything will be in the plumbing. After the water level drops, debris remains inside. It interferes with the normal operation of the sewer, you have to clean it. Not the most pleasant thing to do.

Simultaneous laying of all systems on the site - the main thing is not to get confused

If the discharge goes to a drainage well, the situation is even worse. During a rainstorm, water enters the system under high pressure. It fills the pipes, then pours out under the foundation, washing it away. You can imagine the consequences. There are still not so obvious things. For example, silting of drainage pipes. It is impossible to clean them, you have to change them. And this is a big expense and a lot of work.

So from all that has been said, we can conclude. The first is that storm sewers in a private house should have their own well. The second - it is desirable that it be large. This is if you are not lucky to have a pond, lake or river nearby.

Stormwater components and their types

All elements of storm sewers in a private house must be connected to the system. Here's what it might be:

• Well. It must be large. How much depends on the amount of rainfall, the size of the roof and the area from which water is collected. Most often it is made of concrete rings. It is distinguished from the water one only by the need to make the bottom. For this, you can put the bottom ring down (there are factory ones), or you can fill the stove yourself. Another option is plastic wells for rainwater drainage. They are buried to the required depth, anchored (chained) to flooded concrete pads - so as not to “float”. The solution is good because there is no need to worry about the tightness of the seams - such vessels are completely sealed.

  

• A hatch over a storm well. It is best to take a ring and a separate hatch (plastic, rubber or metal - your choice). In this case, you can dig in the rings so that the upper edge of the installed cover is 15-20 cm below the ground level. Under the installation of the hatch, you will have to lay out a brick or pour a neck out of concrete, but the lawn planted on top will feel good and will not differ in color from the rest of the planting. If you take a ready-made cover with a hatch, you can pour only 4-5 cm of soil. On such a layer of soil, the lawn will differ in color and density, paying attention to what is under it.

  

• Point storm water inlets. These are relatively small containers that are installed in places where precipitation accumulates. They are placed under drainpipes, at the lowest points of the site. Storm water inlets can be made of plastic or concrete. Concrete is used for deep storm drains. They are put one on one, achieving the required height. Although today there are already built-in plastic storm water inlets.

  

• Linear storm water inlets or drainage channels. These are plastic or concrete gutters. These devices are installed in places of the greatest amount of precipitation - along the roof overhangs, if a drainage system is not made, along the footpaths. Can be installed under gutters as gutters. This option is good if you have not laid pipes to drain water. In this case, the receivers are placed outside the blind area, and the second end of the tray is connected to it. This is a way to make a storm sewer without destroying the blind area.

  

• Sand traps. Special devices in which sand is deposited. They usually put plastic cases - they are inexpensive, but reliable. They are installed at some distance from each other on long sections of the pipeline. Sand and other heavy inclusions are deposited in them. These devices need to be cleaned periodically, but this is much more convenient than cleaning the entire system.

  

• Lattices. In order for water to drain better, the holes in the grate should be large. They are:
  
• Pipes. For storm sewers, it is best to install polyethylene pipes for outdoor use (red). Their smooth walls do not allow precipitation to accumulate, and they also have a greater conductive capacity than pipes of the same diameter from other materials. Cast iron and asbestos pipes are also used. A little about the diameter of the pipes for storm water. It depends on the amount of precipitation, the branching of the system. But the smallest diameter is 150 mm, and better - more. The pipes are laid with a slope of at least 3% (3 cm per meter) towards the storm water inlets, and then towards the well.

  

• revision wells. These are small plastic or concrete wells, which are placed on an extended section of the pipeline, at the points of branching of the system. Through them, if necessary, clean the pipes.

  

  In long sections, revision points are needed - to clear possible blockages in pipes

Storm sewers in a private house do not always contain all these devices, but a system of any configuration and complexity can be built from them.

Construction order

In general, you first need to create a project. If there is no possibility or desire to use the services of professionals, draw it to scale (on a piece of paper or in one of the programs). So you can pretty accurately determine what you need and how much. Having purchased the necessary materials, you can start work.

First install the drainage system. Then begins the installation of storm sewers. It makes sense to carry out this work simultaneously with the laying of drainage and sewer systems, as well as to carry out preparation work for laying paths and blind areas. All of these jobs require soil removal, so why not do it all at once?

Installation of a storm water inlet - pour concrete and “load” with something heavy so that it does not squeeze out

If other systems are already ready or they are simply not needed, trenches can be dug. They should be 10-15 cm more than the required depth. Crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the trenches, and pipes are laid in it, and devices are installed. Crushed stone will neutralize the heaving forces: it always remains mobile, so that under loads it simply moves from place to place. As you know, the load devices installed in it almost do not feel.

When installing storm water inlets, they are concreted. Formwork is placed around, poured with a layer of concrete of 15-20 cm. It must be calculated so that the finish coating that you are going to lay normally “lies”.

Water that accumulates after precipitation and is not diverted from the building and the land in a timely manner leads to the destruction of the foundation and structures, the appearance of dampness inside the building, and in winter, ice appears around the house. If a piece of land has high groundwater, then there is a risk of waterlogging of the local area. Basement and basement rooms fall under the strongest blow, in which, without draining the liquid, it is constantly wet, the walls are covered with mold and fungus. You can resist such misfortunes with the help of storm water. Storm sewage is a complex engineering structure for the accumulation and removal of wastewater.

— drastically reduce the number of puddles in the yard and get rid of ice;

- reduce the risks of destruction of sidewalks, blind area and building foundations;

- eliminate the likelihood of dampness on the first and basement floors;

- almost completely eliminate the ingress of moisture into the basement;

- exclude the process of waterlogging of the soil or soil erosion;

- does not worry about maintaining the aesthetic appeal of the local area and the building itself.

And most importantly, the storm system helps prevent oversaturation of the soil with moisture.

Types of stormwater:

Spot. The principle of sewerage is an organized network of storm water inlets and connecting pipes. Protective gratings and special sand traps, peculiar filters are necessarily installed on the storm water inlets.

Linear. Such a sewer is a network of channels that allows you to collect and transport water flows, sloping towards the collector. If the required slope on the landscape cannot be achieved, then slopes are set for pumping water.

Storm sewers have another classification:

- Open type, it is considered the simplest, both in terms of installation work and design. The cost of installing such a storm drain is minimal. The principle of operation is also the simplest - open gutters and channels collect and divert surface runoff;

- Closed type. System with storm water inlets and with a closed or underground piping system;

- Mixed type. The storm system is a combination of an open and a closed system. It is rational to use such a system on large land plots.

Storm systems are divided according to the type of drainage:

- Withdrawal to the side. Such a system involves the construction of a foundation blind area for the accumulation of rainfall;

- Pull down. In this case, water is discharged pointwise and the system necessarily has a grate to contain dirt.

The principle of any stormwater system is the collection, direction and distribution of incoming water into the system. Even the most elementary storm system has many elements:

- pipes that may be on the surface of the soil may be buried in the ground, covered with concrete or asphalt, paving slabs;

- catchment trays and channels, storm water inlets, the efficiency of the entire system may depend on their rational distribution along the perimeter of the land plot;

- manholes designed to monitor the performance of the entire system;

- distributing and filtering elements, that is, sand traps.

Each element is important for storm sewers, and the failure of even the smallest part can completely nullify the throughput of the entire system.

Water tank

The water tank is intended primarily for collecting liquid and further transportation to the place of discharge. To date, containers are made of polymer concrete, conventional concrete and polymer materials.

Tanks made of ordinary concrete have a high degree of reliability, are cheap, but are heavy. The production process of containers is based on vibrocompression, which determines their durability.

Polymer concrete tanks will last even longer than conventional concrete structures. However, the cost of such containers is high.

Polymer containers are the most popular. They are easy and quick to install and are low cost. Containers made of polymers are very light and almost never clog due to the flat surface.

hatches

All hatches for storm sewers are classified according to the type of material from which they are made:

• Cast iron. Such hatches are distinguished by a long service life, at least 80 years. The cast-iron manhole can withstand a load of 90 tons and tolerates sudden temperature changes well.

Cast iron has two main disadvantages:

- high cost of products from it;

- a lot of weight.

Pig-iron hatches are issued for the main needs, for installation on highways. Heavy hatches for high traffic roads. Medium weight mounted in residential areas and light, designed for lawns and pedestrian areas. In the private sector, cast-iron hatches are installed exclusively on the roadway, in other places it is not advisable to spend money on cast-iron products.

• Plastic. Plastic hatches have, perhaps, one drawback - they are unable to withstand heavy loads. Otherwise, plastic has some advantages:

— the possibility of operation for 50 years;

- light weight;

- high resistance to aggressive environment;

- resistance to temperature changes;

- a wide range of colors, which allows you to install the hatch on any landscape;

- a huge range of various forms;

- the ability to independently install a plastic hatch.

• Composite and polymer-composite. In this case, the composite hatch can be made from fiberglass, powdered filler, or polyester resin.

Polymer-composite hatches are plastic and sand, with the addition of other materials, and the product is made by pressing, using high temperatures.

The main disadvantage of such hatches is the minimum degree of resistance to loads. Such a design can serve no more than 20 years. But they perfectly tolerate temperatures from -60 to +60, not be afraid of exposure to harmful substances, oil products. Not subject to corrosion.

The cost of composite and composite-polymer hatches is low, but it is better to install them in places where a high load is not expected, on lawns or in park areas.

• Another classification of hatches is by shape. Most manufacturers make square, round and rectangular hatches.

Most often, you can find hatches of a round shape, in this case, the minimum amount of material is spent on the manufacture of the structure, and therefore their cost is low. Round hatches best of all distribute the load over the entire area and are practically not subject to deformation.

The advantage of plastic and composite hatches is that they can not only be installed independently, but also decorated. Stones can be used as decor elements, which, if necessary, can be removed and the storm sewer can be cleaned.

This element of storm sewage is used in the case of installation of the system on paved areas, roofs.

A storm water inlet is a rectangular funnel with outlets to which the entire sewerage system is mounted. This element of the system is made from:

- plastic;

- cast iron;

- polymer concrete;

- polypropylene.

Plastic storm water inlets are very popular in private construction. Cast iron receivers are usually installed in places with high traffic, as they are able to withstand heavy loads.

Plastic storm water inlets are lightweight and easy to install. Can be operated at both high and low temperatures. They are well tolerated by mechanical and chemical influences. Such storm water inlets can be installed even below the freezing level.

As a rule, storm water inlets are produced in the form of a cube, 30x40 cm. All faces have adaptive nozzles so that pipes of any diameter can be mounted.

The second most popular is the cast-iron storm water inlet, although it has a lot of weight.

On sale you can find stainless steel receivers, which are additionally coated with an anti-corrosion layer.

Despite this, plastic and concrete storm water inlets have the longest service life, especially since few people want to steal such a design.

Regardless of the material from which the storm water inlet is made, it must be equipped with filter baskets that will prevent foreign particles from entering the system.

So that the storm water inlet does not have an unpleasant odor, it can be equipped with a special siphon, and the design of the funnel itself should allow it to be freely cleaned of litter.

Lattices

The main purpose of the grate in the storm sewer system is to protect against large debris. It is important where the grate will be used, on a personal plot or in a pedestrian zone, on a highway, that is, according to the type of load. For example, the marking on the grate is DN 100, which means that it is suitable for a gutter with a channel width of 10 cm. Grates of this type are in the range from A15, that is, for sidewalks, squares and pedestrian areas.

Lattices for storm drains can be made from:

- cast iron, which is not subject to corrosion and will last as long as possible, is usually used at industrial facilities, at airports, in the territories of sea and river stations, at terminals;

- gray cast iron for gratings is used for installation in garages, car parks and pedestrian areas, that is, in places where there is an average level of traffic;

– made of stainless steel, hatches are used in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, in swimming pools and baths.

Conclusion

You must be aware that if the storm water inlet is not properly located, water will still accumulate and sewage will not be effective. In order for all the water to drain completely into the water intake, it is necessary to find the lowest points on the site so that the water has the opportunity to drain on its own. The sewer pipe must be clearly located above the storm water inlet, that is, the water must clearly hit “on target”. When carrying out earthworks, it is necessary to adhere to the slope.

The work must be carried out in strict accordance with the norms of SNiP. There are certain requirements for storm sewers - nothing can be built, parked, dumped garbage or planted at a distance of 5 meters from the system. That is, stormwater has a security zone.

Rainwater is sometimes a very valuable natural resource to be scattered left and right. Therefore, modern storm sewers are becoming more complex, and often equipped with special elements designed not only to minimize the negative effects of a storm, but also to efficiently collect water.

Classic storm sewer device

The basis of the storm sewer system is the direction and distribution of water. In a simplified version, storm sewers include the following elements:

• Pipe. Most often laid in the ground and covered with a layer of turf, concrete or a hard surface of asphalt and paving slabs;
• Drainage channels or trays. The most important element of storm sewers, the effective removal of water from the surface of the footpath or platform at the front door depends on the correct location of the water collector;
• Filtering and distribution elements. Their participation in the operation of storm sewers is imperceptible, and most people are not even aware of their existence, but they are critically important for the normal operation of the entire system.

Important! Rainwater drainage not only and not so much helps to effectively drain water, but above all, it protects the soil and foundation from oversaturation with water.

The main elements of storm sewers

All elements of storm sewers are equally important for the effective removal of water from the surface of the site. Failure or abnormal operation of any of the above elements can reduce the capacity of the sewer system to a minimum.

Device for receiving storm water flows

Rain inlets or, more correctly, water inlets and storm sewer trays, gutters that serve to collect water flows on the surface of the earth, are the most vulnerable to mechanical impact from feet, wheels, vehicles, even icicles and freezing ice. Water inlets are most often made in the form of a rectangular or cylindrical box made of plastic or fiberglass fittings.

They are installed directly under the downspout of the downspout and serve to receive the flow of rainwater collected by the gutter system. The inlet is always closed with a metal or fiberglass grate. A hole is made in the side wall where the drain pipeline is connected. In separate designs of the water intake, an additional element is provided for filtering large pieces of debris, tree branches, chips, small pebbles. Sand and small particles of dirt are poorly retained by this element. Often even experts are confused and believe that this is a sand trap for storm sewers.

Stormwater inlets must provide a shock-free intake of streams of water without splashing, even if part of the inlet is covered with leaves or pieces of ice. The condition of part of the foundation and the wall of the house depends on the efficiency of this element of the storm sewer.

In addition to water intakes, rain sewer trays, or gutters, are engaged in collecting water. Most often they are installed along paved walkways. Areas and paths paved with paving slabs are especially sensitive to excess water. Incorrect or inefficient work leads to swelling of the masonry due to frozen water in the sand bed.

Trays for storm sewers are long plastic gutters laid directly on a sand cushion in the ground and covered with a protective lining with holes on top. A prerequisite for laying the trays is to observe the drain slope in the direction of the receiving pipe. In some cases, storm sewer trays stop working efficiently if people step on the installed gutters or vehicles run over. To avoid this, lay out a stone or tile border on the sides of the tray.

The lining can be plastic or slatted, but the latter option is used less frequently due to poor ability to retain large debris and dirt entering the sewer system.

In addition to trough systems, point water inlets are also used in rainwater collection systems. These elements are designed to collect rainwater in a certain area where it is not possible to install gutters or trays. Most often, this is a concrete platform, on the surface of which there are slopes and a grid of profiled grooves for water drainage.

A separate element in rainwater collection systems is a receiving box or tray installed directly in front of the front door to the house. Such a device is used to capture rain and storm water that enters the porch entrance area. By design, the pallet corresponds to the device of the storm water inlet, but differs in size.

Prefabricated, distribution and filter elements

All catchment elements of rainwater collection systems direct flows through pipes to the places of its collection, settling, filtration and, if necessary, its discharge into the central rainwater sewer. The standard today is the use of PVC or polypropylene corrugated pipes. The diameter of the pipeline, depending on the load, can vary from 100 to 200 mm. This version of the pipe has great flexibility, resistance to frost, clogging, perfectly tolerates any subsidence or soil movement without destruction.

In addition to polymer, asbestos-cement pipes are used. They are highly resistant, but their use is currently limited due to the presence of asbestos fiber in their material. Cast iron, steel, ceramic pipes are practically not used because of the high price.

A mandatory element of modern rainwater collection systems is a sand trap that frees water from the smallest particles of sand, dust and dirt. In fact, this design is a large container in which rainwater settles and is separated into sediment and clean water. The design provides for the removal of sediment and contaminants. Less often, vortex sand traps are used, in which grains of sand and the smallest gravel are released from the storm stream during the passage of the annular chamber.

In some cases, in addition to the sand trap, a filter can be installed to separate oil products, oils, heavy organic substances that are insoluble in water. Typically, such elements are a mandatory attribute of storm sewers for gas stations, parking lots, auto repair shops, and are rarely used for domestic purposes.

The distribution well is considered the most expensive and overall element of rainwater collection systems. This device is a barrel-shaped container to which pipelines from water collection devices in a certain area are connected. Depending on the size of the plot, 2-3 distribution wells can be installed in one household. This element is buried in the ground in such a way that the water column in the tank is lower in level than the pipelines connected to it. In this case, the collected water will not flow from the well back into the storm sewer.