1. Identify the main theme of “The Night Before Christmas.”

The main theme of the fairy tale is Gogol's thoughts about good and evil, where good will defeat evil, and evil looks funny and absurd. Celebrating Christmas by people from the village, the victory of good over evil.

2. Which characters make you sympathize and which ones make you laugh? Why?

The blacksmith Vakula evokes my sympathy, since Oksana gave him an impossible task: to take the royal worms from the princess who lived in St. Petersburg. After all, he was poor and it was impossible to get a gift for his beloved. Damn made me laugh. After all, it was he who came up with the idea to steal the moon for Christmas. For the village people it was a "tragedy". “Just like that night all the young people went home and sang carols. For this they received various goodies. The devil took Vakula to St. Petersburg.

3. What is the comedy of the situation in which Solokha’s guests find themselves? What other episodes did you find funny?

The comedy of the situation: Solokha is a very respected lady, pretty, a “young woman” without a husband, Vakula’s mother, and no one except the devil knows what she does at night and that she is just a witch.

Evening, winter, Solokha is at home, the devil comes, she is very kind to him, but suddenly there is a knock on the door! Solokha hides the devil in a bag so as not to lose her reputation.

The beginning of a new story, Pan Head has arrived. Solokha runs to set the table and sweep away the presence of the devil, with whom she has a long-standing relationship. All is ready. The head just raises the glass and knocks on the door! Don’t ruin my honor and Pan reaches into the bag.

On the threshold of the Dyak, no one came to him and he is looking for Pan's Head. But Solokha is not laughing. Her head is in a bag and the clerk can affect her reputation!

There was a knock on the door and again a guest) Chub came to Solokha, tender feelings brought him. Solokha spreads herself in front of Chub, but the door slams again! The forelock is in the bag, and the disappointed Vakula, Solokha’s son, returned home. He is angry at the whole world and is not inclined to talk! There is a knock on the door and Solokha runs into the garden. Meanwhile, Vakula sees bags on the floor in the upper room. All his thoughts are about Oksana and he thoughtlessly throws ALL the bags out onto the street, and everyone there is caroling).

Respected people in the village, while in sacks, jump down the street until girls pick them up. Vakula, in anger, threw out all the bags, giving a peep to everyone - this is the comedy of the situation. But Solokha is an honest lady, her reputation is beyond suspicion.

The devil creates many funny situations; he is a loser, so his actions are funny.

4. Do you think Gogol’s laughter in “The Night Before Christmas” is evil, good-natured, malicious, bitter? Give reasons for your assessment.

I think that the laughter is rather good-natured, because he mocks the devil and others, putting them in a sack, and the son of this witch accidentally carried the devil away and mocked him well.

5. Which events in the story would you classify as everyday, and which as fantastic? Is it always possible to draw a line between them?

The magical night before Christmas, everyone believes in miracles and it is impossible to draw the line, this is the beauty of Christmas, the expectation of a miracle. It all depends on us and our dreams; by drawing a line, we will destroy the magic of a dream that should come true if you believe in it.

“The story “The Night Before Christmas” is the night itself, this is reality, and what happens is a fairy tale, magic. The devil with Solokha, who stole the Moon and stars is fantasy, folk festivities and caroling are reality. Bags with Solokha’s visitors are truthfulness , and the devil in the bag is fiction. The flight on the devil to St. Petersburg is fiction, and to whom Vakula was flying is reality, Empress Catherine II and Prince Potemkin, historical figures. The Cossacks are history, and Vakula together with them is fiction . Pan Patsyuk is reality, and his connection with evil spirits is fiction. Solokha, a lady of marriageable age, that she is a witch is a fantasy, but what such ladies are willing to do to get married is reality.

6. Why did “the devil vow to take revenge on the blacksmith”?

Because Vakula painted an icon (fresco) in the church, which depicts how the righteous very strongly persecute the devil.

7. What customs and traditions of the Slavs are recreated in the story “The Night Before Christmas”?

The custom of caroling and praising Christ has been recreated. 11Before Christmas, boys and girls dress up and go home in cheerful groups to sing carols.

8. Determine what is common and different in the characters of the “fairy-tale” characters in the story and the folk characters familiar to you from folk tales. Draw a conclusion.

General: the fight against evil differences: in Gogol the devil lives and the witch and other evil spirits live together in the village. Where are people. L is usually far from people.

9. Name the folk tale techniques that are found in the story “The Night Before Christmas”.

Epithets, comparison, personification, victory of good over evil, the presence of fictional characters, the journey of the main character, a task for the main character, the use of color in the author’s speech.

10. Is the test Oksana invented for Vakula similar to the test of a hero in folk tales? Justify your answer.

Yes, they are similar. Gogol relied heavily on folklore. In folk tales, the hero must bring something unusual from afar, or defeat someone. Oksana gave him the task of bringing the tsarina’s shoes, which was almost impossible.

11. Mark those fragments in the text that talk about Oksana’s beauty. Prepare a story about her.

Having read the story “The Night Before Christmas” with many fabulous events and funny adventures, I would like to single out a beautiful girl named Oksana from the main characters of the work. This capricious, flighty and carefree girl was the daughter of the noble Cossack Chub. She dressed very elegantly in expensive clothes, knew that young boys and girlfriends from her village were talking about her, and was a very important conceit. Most of all, she loved to admire herself in the mirror, changing her outfits. They approached her, but no one could achieve her love. One blacksmith, Vakula, whom she constantly laughed at, was waiting for her to pay attention to him and fall in love with him. The girl very often looked at the reflection of the mirror with a great sense of self-satisfaction. One day, just before Christmas, this girl sends the blacksmith Vakula to the empress herself, so that he will fulfill her next whim and bring her slippers that the empress herself wears.

A little later in the story, we see that Oksana can experience sincere feelings of love and compassion. The girl greets the blacksmith with great joy when he returns with the slippers, and agrees to marry him. It combines such different feelings and character traits as narcissism, sadness, arrogance and embarrassment. We can conclude that Oksana can be not only a spoiled beauty who has only outfits on her mind, but also a person capable of the most sincere human feelings.

12. Write down key words that will help tell about the character of the blacksmith Vakula.

Vakula is handsome, strong, kind, full of inexhaustible energy and youthful enthusiasm. He has a pure heart, integrity of nature and beauty of feelings. He is faithful to his duty, his promises, and has perseverance in achieving his goals. The obstacles that arise on his way do not stop him, but, on the contrary, force him to show greater resourcefulness and initiative, courage and determination.

13. Why does Vakula turn out to be stronger than the devil? What is the significance of the fact that Vakula is a believer? Support your answer with examples from the text.

Vakula is a very devout and religious person, as well as an excellent painter. After all, it was he who painted a picture in the church that humiliated the devil, which is why the unclean one disliked the blacksmith. From that very day, the evil one swore to harm him. Which he did with success, but for the time being. But the blacksmith does not sin in any way, and even when he comes to Pot-bellied Molasses, Vakula refuses the modest one, which offends the devil. And finally, before flying to St. Petersburg, the blacksmith subjugates the devil by applying a cross, thus becoming stronger than him. Therefore, of course, Vakula’s piety gives him power over the unclean.

14. What does Vakula experience when he sees the decoration of the palace? Write down the key words to answer this question.

When he sees the decoration of the palace, Vakula experiences delight and admiration. “What a staircase!”, “Such decorations”

15. The word of the Cossacks to the queen and Vakula’s request are placed side by side. What effect does Gogol achieve in this scene?

Gogol shows the queen’s generosity and closeness to the people, as well as Vakula’s sincerity, his spontaneity, and captivating simplicity.

16. Prepare for an expressive reading of any fragment of the story. Listen to the beginning of the piece in the electronic application. Do you think the reader was able to correctly convey the mood and create the desired picture in the audience’s imagination?

Yes, the reader managed to correctly convey the mood and create the desired picture in the listeners’ imagination.

17. Prepare an artistic retelling of the episode depicted in the illustration by M.S. Rodionova (p. 180). How are the characters' personalities revealed in this scene?

18. Consider the reproduction of the painting by K.A. Trutovsky “Carols in Little Russia” (color plate). What signs of folk life were recreated by the artist? How is the holiday atmosphere conveyed?

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announcement:

N.V. Gogol’s story “The Night Before Christmas” is one of the peaks of the author’s early work. Saturated with rich Ukrainian flavor, this story is not only filled with sparkling humor, but also whimsically combines humorous aspects with Christmas mysticism.

composition:

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol’s story “The Night Before Christmas” is one of the author’s best early works devoted to Ukrainian themes. Brought up in a picturesque village near Poltava, Nikolai Vasilyevich absorbed the riches of Ukrainian folklore from childhood; mystical stories and incomparable Ukrainian humor were cleverly intertwined in his mind. In his story, part of the series of works “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka,” the writer paints a colorful portrait of a Ukrainian village celebrating Christmas. This snowy time has always been rich in people's memory not only with cheerful celebrations and amusements, but also with hidden sides, when dark forces make themselves felt.

The main character of the story is the blacksmith Vakula, who not only forges iron, but is also known for his artistic talents. While painting the church, Vakula depicted a very ugly and evil devil, defeated after the Last Judgment. This greatly angered the devil flying over Dikanka these days, and from now on Vakula became an evil enemy for him. At the same time, shaming the devil, Vakula is not afraid to challenge him, fight him and subsequently subjugate him. In the history of the relationship between Vakula and the devil, the comic chance of their acquaintance is intertwined with a fatal predisposition. Most accurately, this state is captured by the cunning Pot-bellied Patsyuk, who hints to Vakula about “the devil behind his shoulders.” In the folklore of many countries, including Ukraine, blacksmiths have traditionally been considered people who know how to establish contact with “evil spirits.” Vakula’s predisposition to becoming acquainted with the devil is also determined by the fact that his mother is the witch Solokha, who flew across the sky with the devil and plucked stars from the sky.

Challenging the devil, Vakula eventually defeats him, forces the “devilishness” to work for himself and fulfill his cherished dream - to get the real slippers of the empress in “Petersburg” for his beloved Oksana. The treacherous and proud Oksana makes Vakula suffer, forces him to enter into an alliance with the “evil spirits”.

After his disappearance, Vakula seems to die for the village residents, who claim that the blacksmith either went crazy or hanged himself. Suddenly, the blacksmith, who flew on the devil to St. Petersburg, “resurrects” again, appearing with the slippers obtained from the queen herself. The blacksmith’s “new birth” is capable of melting any ice: the rich Chub remains pleased with his gifts, and his daughter Oksana also does not refuse Vakula to marry him. Severely frightened by the sudden disappearance of the blacksmith, rumors of his insanity and suicide, Oksana understands how important it is to appreciate loved ones. Now she is ready to marry Vakula just like that, and not at all because he managed to get such beautiful little slippers for her.

Even more essays on the topic: “The Night Before Christmas”:

“The Night Before Christmas” by N.V. Gogol is a funny and magical story. However, besides jokes and pre-holiday pranks, fantasy and Ukrainian folklore, true love works wonders here.

Seventeen-year-old Oksana, the daughter of the rich Cossack Chub, is famous throughout the area for her extraordinary beauty. However, this girl knows her worth very well. She is proud, flirtatious, a little capricious - in general, an ordinary beauty. The young blacksmith Vakula, who fell in love with her, is not like that. He is simple and honest, gentle and caring. What feats he is ready to perform for the sake of the mutual feeling of “wonderful, beloved Oksana”! But the frivolous girl only laughs at the blacksmith and jokes: if you bring me the royal booties, I will marry you.

How can poor Vakula get to the queen if St. Petersburg is thousands of kilometers from Dikanka?! And here magic comes to the aid of love: Vakula comes across the devil himself, who decides to laugh at the blacksmith on Christmas night. No matter how it is! The dexterous, strong, brave and resourceful Vakula saddled the evil one and drove him to the capital, to the royal palace. This is how the young blacksmith obtained Oksana’s dream, although it would seem that before that he had completely lost hope in the girl’s favor.

And while Vakula was traveling, no less miraculous transformations occurred with Oksana. Having heard rumors about the death of the blacksmith from hopeless love, she probably thought about the strength of his feelings, and then began to scold herself for being so harsh with the boy. Worried more and more, Oksana realized that she was madly in love with the blacksmith. She doesn’t even need the slippers anymore, as long as he can be found. And then Vakula turned around - he came to woo, bringing his beloved as a gift of amazingly beautiful little slippers, granted to him by the queen herself.

This is how love helped the most extraordinary miracles happen, which are only possible on the magical night before Christmas.

Source: www.allsoch.ru

The great writer N.V. Gogol owns a huge number of works, including The Night Before Christmas. Fiction and humor are intertwined in it and make the reader smile.

The beginning of the work is the meanness committed by the devil, who looks like a German, a pig, and a provincial attorney at the same time. The night before Christmas begins and the devil, seeing the majestic month in the sky, decides to steal it, which he succeeds in doing. Then the devil conceives another meanness - to pit the village blacksmith against the Cossack Chub, whose daughter the Cossack is courting.

At this time, the blacksmith goes to visit Chub’s daughter Oksana, knowing that her father has been invited to visit. But Chub, getting lost in the darkness, ends up with Solokha, the Blacksmith’s mother, who, despite her forty years, knew how to charm the most sedate Cossacks... And Solokha’s guest is the devil. Chub arrives and begins to court Solokha, but there is a knock on the door and Solokha hides Chub in a bag where the devil is already sitting.

There is another knock on the door - the clerk comes in. There is another knock - and the clerk ends up in the same bag where Chub is. A blacksmith enters the hut and, seeing strange bags, takes them to the forge. On the way, he thinks about his sad fate, about the fact that the proud and wayward Oksana agrees to be his wife only if he brings her the tsarina’s slippers.

Suddenly, Oksana herself and her friends meet on his way. The blacksmith tells her that she will not see him again. In reality, he goes to the Cossack Patsyuk, who knows all the devils. From Patsyuk the blacksmith learns that the devil is behind his back and is catching the devil. Vakula is afraid of the devil that he will begin to baptize him, and the devil, in fear, agrees to help Vakula get the royal slips.

At the same time, the beautiful Oksana is saddened by Vakula’s words. Now our heroine understands that she herself loves Vakula... The bags lying on the road were thrown by the blacksmith; farmers find it. They untie it and the evil Chub and the clerk fall out.

And what happens to our blacksmith? Having ridden the devil, he flies to St. Petersburg. Here he meets his fellow countrymen - the Cossacks, who are going to the palace on business. Vakula, with the help of the devil, persuades them, and they take him with them. In the palace, he asks the queen to give her little slippers, and, to everyone’s surprise, she agrees. Then the blacksmith returns to the farm. He goes to Oksana’s house, proposes to her and serves her little slippers. Oksana is very happy and says that she loves the blacksmith anyway.

At the conclusion of this work, N.V. Gogol reports on the further happy fate of the heroes; as a result of which the reader learns that the newlyweds were happy, and the blacksmith, in addition, repented in church for communicating with the devil.

Source: www.allsoch.ru

I recently read N.V. Gogol’s fairy tale “The Night Before Christmas.” Various magical events occur in this work.

Firstly, the story contains fairy-tale characters. This is the devil who stole the month, the witch Solokha, cutting through the sky on her broom, and Patsyuk, who knew how to very quickly cure people of various ailments and ate dumplings in a very strange way.

Secondly, in the story there is a fabulous request from Oksana to Vakula. She wanted to have little slippers, like those of the queen herself. The reward for this would be that Oksana would marry Vakula. I think that Oksana was sure that Vakula would never be able to get these slippers.

There are also funny moments in the story. Men often came to visit Solokha, Vakula’s mother. And none of them suspected that there were several of them. And then this story happened. Solokha flew in with the Devil, but then the Head knocked on the door. The witch Solokha immediately hid the Devil in a bag lying on the floor. The clerk came for the Head, and Chub for the clerk, and in the end they all ended up in bags, and two people were sitting in one bag at once.

At first, the blacksmith Vakula wanted to drown himself because of his unrequited love for Oksana, but he ended up with the bag in which the Devil lay. The devil was very happy to be freed from the bag and wanted to use Vakula for his own purposes. The blacksmith Vakula forced him to fly to St. Petersburg to the queen herself. Vakula saddled the Devil, and they flew off. There the Devil turned into a horse. Vakula saw the Cossacks and decided to go with them to the queen. And the Devil shrunk and climbed into his pocket. Thanks to his quick wits and courage, Vakula got the slippers.

Like all fairy tales, this tale has a happy ending. Vakula flew home and married Oksana. They lived happily ever after. And then Vakula endured church repentance, painted the left choir of the church for free, and painted a devil inside for the church. And this devil was so terrible that people came to church and spat at his image.

The magical moments in the story are not accidental. After all, everything happened on Christmas night, on which absolutely anything can happen.

Topic: N.V. Gogol “The Night Before Christmas”

Night of miracles and justice

Section: works of N.V. Gogol.

The place of the lesson in the section is the first. (Second lesson – The power of laughter. (Comic in N.V. Gogol’s story “The Night Before Christmas”)

Goals:

Educational - expand students’ knowledge about N.V. Gogol, introduce them to the history of the creation of the work, and begin to get acquainted with the story.

Developmental- development of communication skills: ability to work in a group.

Educational– fostering faith in the best ideals of humanity: biblical commandments, love, selflessness, fortitude, spiritual purity.

Advance homework:

1. Group - prepare a story about Vakul, Solokh, Oksana, the devil, Patsyuk . (the whole class is divided into 5 groups accordingly)

2. Individual– a message about the history of the creation of “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”

Decor: , fragments from the film “The Night Before Christmas”

Plan.

1.The teacher's word.

2. Student messages.

4. Homework.

1. The teacher's word. Slide 1

Hello guys. Today we have to plunge into the magical world of a fairy tale created by the wonderful writer N.V. Gogol.

I invite you to travel back in time and find yourself in Little Russia, in Dikanka on the night before Christmas, see how people live here, find out what miracles happen on this magical night. So, before us is Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol’s story “The Night Before Christmas”.

- What do we know about the story as a genre of literature?Slide 2

A story is one of the genres of epic works. The story is larger in length than a short story, but smaller than a novel. It contains more events and characters than a short story. Most often, this is the story of a person’s life, told either from the author’s point of view or from the character’s point of view.

In the collection “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” N.V. Gogol combined several stories in which the real life of Little Russia in the 19th century, fantasy and fairy tales were miraculously intertwined.

2. Student’s message about the history of the creation of “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” (material can be selected by the teacher) Slide 3

- What new things did you learn from listening to the messages?

Rudy Panko, inviting guests to Dikanka, knows that they will meet with the fabulous, the wonderful. This meeting will also happen on the pages of the story “The Night Before Christmas”.

The peculiarity of the story is that it is fantastic.

- What is fantasy?Slide 4

/Fantastic– a world of incredible, wonderful ideas and images born of the imagination./

- Name the elements of fiction in the work.

In the story, fantasy is based on belief in God and the devil's power (devils and witches).

3. Work on content. Slide 5

Guys, if the title of the story did not indicate the time of action, the night before Christmas, could you guess it? By what signs?

(The action takes place in winter, nature is full of solemn anticipation of the holiday, the heroes of the story walk around the village with carols.)

- What is special about Christmas night?Slide 6

/This is the most mysterious and beautiful night.

According to popular beliefs, at midnight the gates of heaven open and the son of God descends to earth. If someone prays for something good at midnight, then everything will come true.

This evening in Rus' they read a prayer and told children about the birth of Jesus Christ. They celebrated and caroled all night./

-What kind of night do we see?(Reading the description of the night.)

- Why do you think it is not the full moon, but precisely the month that illuminates Dikanka before Christmas?

/The month is a symbol of young, emerging life, a symbol of renewal and hope, which is always associated with the wonderful holiday of Christmas./

- What mood does the description of the month create?

/Joyful, solemn./

It is not surprising that dark forces are trying to steal it. Which characters' images create a fairy-tale-fantastic atmosphere? Slide 7

/Damn, Solokha, Patsyuk./

- What do we know about the devil?

In “The Night Before Christmas,” as in many folk tales, the motif of ridiculing the devil arises. Gogol's devil groans, clutches his heart, kisses Solokha's hand. He is depicted as a petty thief, putting the stolen item into his pocket.

The blacksmith's mother, Solokha, is an outwardly lively and cunning village widow.

- Let's see what they do that night. Let's look into Solokha's house.

(View a fragment from the film “The Night Before Christmas”)

- Is Gogol’s devil scary?(No, he looks like a mummer.)

- Is Solokha a witch? What features of her prove this? How is she different from the classic fairy tale witch?

/ She is apparently crafty, smart and lucky. Solokha is neat; after returning from the flight, she cleans up the house./

- Why did her guests come to Solokha? What did they dream about? And Solokha?

/Each of them dreams of spending a pleasant time with Solokha, and she is not averse to benefiting from this./

The night before Christmas is special: the night before the greatest Christian holiday - the birth of Jesus Christ, but at the same time evil forces - the devil, the witch - are most active, trying to force people to break Christian commandments.

- Which of them do you know?Slide 8

There are 10 of them in total.

Don't make yourself an idol.

Don't take the Lord's name in vain.

Remember that the Sabbath is to be dedicated to God.

Honor your father and mother.

Dont kill.

Don't commit adultery.

Don't steal.

Do not bring false accusations against your neighbor.

Do not covet your neighbor's good.

10.Have no other gods.

- What commandments do Solokha and her guests violate?

- Why weren’t their wishes fulfilled? Why are they being punished?

/They violated Christian commandments and, leaving their wives, came to Solokha.

All of Solokha’s fans end up in bags, and the blacksmith takes them out of the hut. Now they have become “carol goodness.”/

- How is the humorous effect achieved?

The characters are portrayed in a funny way.

In the image of Solokha, the magical and the everyday are closely connected. Both the behavior and habits of the witch are purely feminine. Solokha’s supernatural actions have also been domesticated.

Portraying in “The Night Before Christmas” with undisguised humor and slyness a rather nice company of evil spirits, Gogol at the same time makes them direct participants in the eternal struggle between the light and dark principles, good and evil, unfolding on the pages of the story.

-Who in the story enters into this struggle?Slide 9

- What do you know about him?

(Speeches by representatives of the group preparing the analysis of this image)

- Why did the devil steal the month?

/He stole a month in order to harm Vakula./

- Why was the devil angry with Vakula?

/The relationship between the devil and Vakula did not work out long before Christmas. The reason for this was the picture “painted” on the wall of the church. When Vakula painted a picture that he didn’t like so much, no matter how hard he tried to interfere with the painter, none of his nasty things could confuse Vakula’s soul. So strong was his faith in God, so pure was his soul./

- What makes this soul open to evil?

/Unrequited love for Oksana. For the devil, this becomes the last hope, since he has one night left to settle scores./

- What do we know about Oksana?Slide 10

(Speeches by representatives of the group preparing the analysis of this image)

- What is attractive about Oksana and what is unpleasant?

- Why does the blacksmith Vakula love her?

Talk about the vicissitudes of love. They love not for something, they often do not understand why love arises. But love illuminates and sanctifies a person’s life.

/Vakula is madly in love with Oksana and is ready to do anything for her/

- Does Vakula understand that Oksana doesn’t love him? Is he trying to forget her? Why doesn't this work?

/“I am as dear to her as a rusty horseshoe.”/

- What condition does Oksana set for Vakula?

/He needs to bring her the Tsarina’s little shoes, and then she will become his wife./

- What action does Vakula decide to take?

Vakula understands that love cannot be bought with little money, so he decides to commit suicide. In Orthodoxy, suicide is a terrible sin. God gave man life, and man cannot take this life away from himself. This means that the blacksmith’s feeling is so strong that he, sincerely believing in God, is ready not only to take his own life because of Oksana, but to commit a more terrible sin - to doom his soul to eternal torment in hell, which awaits suicides.

- Knowing this, Vakula continues to seek salvation. What is he doing?

/Goes to the local healer Patsyuk./

- What do we know about him?Slide 11

(Speeches by representatives of the group preparing the analysis of this image)

- Why did Vakula feel like he was “getting sinful” when he saw Patsyuk eating dumplings?

/Patsyuk does not observe fasting, which is obligatory for good Christians at this time./

- Why was the devil so happy that Vakula was ready to destroy his soul?Slide 12

/The blacksmith was the most pious man in the village, and he also painted a picture where the devil had a hard time./

Christmas night brings not only miracles, but also justice. This is the time when everyone gets what they deserve.

- How does Vakula force the devil to take himself to St. Petersburg?

/He is helped by courage, ingenuity and determination, but the blacksmith’s main strength is his sincere and deep love./

- Vakula ended up in the palace. What does he pay attention to?

/His gaze stops at the painting depicting the Most Pure Virgin and Child./

- Why?

/This image is Vakula’s reward for defeating the devil; for preserving his soul, he is sent the contemplation of the beauty of the Most Pure Virgin with the Divine Child.

Looking at the picture, Vakula experiences delight and tenderness, freeing his sick soul from filth. And he easily gets the Tsarina’s little shoes. Everything comes easily to a person if his desire is sincere and pure from bad thoughts./

- What is happening in Dikanka at this time? Various rumors are flying around the village.

View fragment “Conversation on the street”

- How do we see rural gossips in this scene?

/They are grumpy and mischievous, they like to gossip on occasion. They passionately prove what they don’t know. It turns out that all of Dikanka knows what every farmer, succumbing to sin, considers a secret./

- How did Oksana’s attitude towards Vakula change when she realized that she had lost him?

- How did Oksana behave in church this morning?Slide 13

/ “Only Oksana stood as if not herself: she prayed and did not pray. So many different feelings crowded into her heart, but her face expressed only strong embarrassment; tears trembled in my eyes"/

Vakula returns to Dikanka with the little shoes, asks Chub for forgiveness and “thanks” the devil. How he does it?

/Vakula showed that he recognizes Chub’s seniority and his power over himself and asks for his mercy. The devil gets full for his deceit./

- Why didn’t the devil manage to get Vakula’s soul?

/The blacksmith is helped to cope with temptation by faith, courage, resourcefulness and sincere love for Oksana./

- How does the story end? Do you think the Christmas story could have ended differently?Slide 14

In The Night Before Christmas, evil is defeated. The main character Vakula defeated evil spirits. The evil in the story is not outwardly and physically scary, but funny and absurd.

It turns out that on Christmas night miracles actually happen and the most cherished wishes come true, but they come true for those who deserve it, because Christmas night is not only a night of miracles, but also a night of justice.

Homework .

Reread the scenes that you found funny and retell them.

Answer the question: What is humor in a work of art?

The first works of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol were reminiscent of folk beliefs and fairy tales. Therefore, the cycle “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” included stories imbued with folklore motifs and folk signs. One of these works is considered to be the fairy tale “The Night Before

Merry Christmas." According to popular belief, on this night the devil can do some nasty things to people for the last time, which is what the hero of the story does: the devil steals the month, which causes many funny and not so funny adventures.

The devil's real enemy is the blacksmith Vakula, who portrayed the devil's offspring in an obscene form, for which the devil not only disliked Vakula, but also vowed to take revenge on him at the first opportunity. The opportunity will soon present itself, but most likely the devil will suffer again.

The story is distinguished by a special fairy-tale dual world. For example, the devil himself in some scenes resembles a completely ordinary provincial lawyer, who

He can even be nice to Solokha, who is not only the mother of the blacksmith Vakula and an attractive woman, but also a witch. As the action develops, oddly enough, one does not interfere with the other. Solokha manages to arrange a date with several of her fans at once, which is why she is forced to hide them in coal sacks one by one.

Vakul’s son, considering that on the eve of the holiday it is not good for bags of “all sorts of rubbish” to lie in the house. takes them out into the street, keeping for himself only the one in which the “tool” supposedly lies. in fact, there is a devil sitting there.

Vakula himself is in love with the daughter of the Cossack Chub, the beautiful Oksana. Many boys suffered from unrequited feelings for her, but then looked for less spoiled girls. Only Vakula did not give up hope of achieving reciprocity from the capricious young lady. The plot of all subsequent events is precisely her whim - the desire to have slippers “that the queen wears.” Only under this condition is she ready to become the blacksmith’s wife.

Dejected Vakula goes for advice to another mysterious figure - Pot-bellied Patsyuk: it is Patsyuk, who is able to eat dumplings with sour cream without hands, and with the help of magic, tells the unsuspecting blacksmith the best way to get to St. Petersburg to the queen - riding on the devil, who I was just waiting for the opportunity to saddle the hated blacksmith.

Gogol's story combines a description of everyday events and fairy-tale fiction. You can easily find episodes in which the action of the story turns into a fairy tale. Solokha’s flights on a broomstick, meetings with the devil, Vakula’s sublunary journey to St. Petersburg for slippers - all this is woven into the description of the night of the Ukrainian village so naturally that the foreignness of the fairy-tale elements is practically not felt.

And the combination of the incompatible - fairy tales and reality - makes the reader smile, giving the whole story a humorous sound. Residents of Dikanka appear as funny townsfolk, lovers of food and hunters of earthly pleasures. Sometimes they are naive to the point of stupidity, lazy, absurd, ready for scandals, deceitful and hypocritical, even cowardly, hiding their true actions and desires behind words.

However, the author writes about this with humor - not indignant, not indignant, but smiling, laughing, as if at quite ordinary and eternal human shortcomings. For example, when Chub and the head get out of the bag, they don’t even know what to talk about with each other, because their situation turned out to be too funny and absurd.

Only the main principle of the fairy tale is preserved: in the end, good certainly wins. For example, Vakula’s mother Solokha, a well-known witch in Dikanka, does not want to marry her son, not because she has something against her future daughter-in-law, but because she herself dreams of marrying the widow Chub and taking over his entire household. But it is Vakula who receives the consent of both Oksana and her father, having achieved the recognition of the wayward beauty, who fully appreciated the devotion and love of the blacksmith.

The devil, who has sworn to harm the main character, also receives his “reward”. Instead, he finds himself in a trap: threatening him with the sign of the cross, Vakula sits astride the devil and sets off to get the royal shoes. Fortunately for him, Zaporozhye Cossacks find themselves in St. Petersburg, with whom Vakula gets to receive Empress Catherine. The Empress is touched by the sincerity of the young blacksmith and orders him to bring his shoes to Vakula.

In this happy way the ordeal of the protagonist ends: as it should be in fairy tales, he receives a worthy reward for his spiritual wealth. It is important that this happens on Christmas night, when the most cherished wishes of ordinary people can come true. This story allows everyone to maintain faith in a real miracle. That is why the story ends not with a wedding feast, as in fairy tales, but with the appearance of a “child” in the family of Oksana and Vakula.

And although the work is filled with mystical characters and events, they do not cause fear. Fear will appear later - in the stories “Viy” and “The Enchanted Place”.

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The story "The Night Before Christmas" is a work written by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. It is part of a series called “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka.” This work was published in 1832, and its action dates chronologically to the period of the reign of Catherine II, more precisely, the last deputation of the Cossacks that took place in 1775. Events take place in Ukraine, in Dikanka.

Heroes of the work

In the story that Gogol wrote (“The Night Before Christmas”), there are a number of fairy-tale characters as characters: the devil who stole the month, the witch Solokha, who cuts through the sky on her broom. Another vivid image is Patsyuk, who could heal people from various diseases and strangely ate dumplings, which themselves fell into his mouth, dipped in sour cream.

In the story called "The Night Before Christmas" the heroes - ordinary people - interact with fairy-tale characters. Representatives of the human race in the work include the blacksmith Vakula, Oksana, her father Chub, the head, the clerk, the queen and others.

"The Night Before Christmas" begins with the following events. The last day before Christmas has ended, a starry, clear night has arrived. A witch rose through the chimney of one of the houses on a broom and began collecting stars. And at this time the devil stole the month.

He did this because he knew that Chub had been invited to kutya today by the clerk, and his beautiful daughter would remain at home, and at that time the blacksmith would come to her. The devil took revenge on this blacksmith. Chub's daughter's lover was also a good artist. He once painted a picture in which, on the day of the Last Judgment, St. Peter casts out an evil spirit from hell. The devil interfered with the work in every possible way, but it was finished, and the board was embedded in the wall of the church. From then on, this representative of evil spirits vowed to take revenge on his enemy.

Having stolen the month, he hoped that Chub would not go anywhere in such darkness, and the blacksmith would not dare to come to his daughter in front of his father. Chub, who at that time was leaving his hut with Panas, was wondering what to do: go to the clerk or stay at home. In the end it was decided to go. So the heroes of the work - two godfathers - set off on the road on the night before Christmas. You will find out how this story ends a little later.

Oksana

We continue to describe the summary. "The Night Before Christmas" consists of the following further events. Oksana, Chub's daughter, was considered the first beauty. She was spoiled and capricious. The boys chased her in droves, but then went to others who were not so spoiled. Only the blacksmith did not leave the girl, although her treatment of him was no better than with others.

When Oksana's father went to the clerk, Vakula appeared in his house. He confessed his love to Oksana, but she only mocks him and plays with the blacksmith. Suddenly there was a knock on the door demanding that it be opened. The girl wanted to do this, but Vakula the blacksmith decided that he would open the door himself.

Witch Solokha

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol continues his story (“The Night Before Christmas”). At this time the witch got tired of flying, and she went to her home, and the devil followed her. This witch was Vakula’s mother. Her name was Solokha. The woman was about 40 years old, she was neither good-looking nor ugly, but she knew how to charm the Cossacks so that many came to her, not suspecting that they had rivals. Solokha treated Chub best of all, since he was rich, and she wanted to marry him to get her hands on the fortune. And so that her son would not somehow get ahead of her by marrying Oksana, the witch often quarreled with Vakula Chuba.

Return of Chub

The following further events constitute a summary. "The Night Before Christmas" continues. When the devil was flying after Solokha, he noticed that the girl’s father had finally decided to leave home. Then he began to tear up the snow so that a blizzard began. She forced Chub to return. But since the snowstorm was very strong, the godfathers could not find their hut for a long time. In the end, Chub thought he had found her. The hero knocked on the window, but decided when he heard Vakula’s voice that he had come to the wrong place. Wanting to find out whose house it was and to whom the blacksmith went, Chub pretended to be caroling, but Vakula drove him away, hitting him hard on the back. Chub, beaten, went to Solokha.

Kolyada

The story "The Night Before Christmas" continues. The devil lost a month and rose into the sky again, illuminating everything around him. The girls and boys came out to carol. They also went to Oksana, who, having seen the shoes on one, wanted to have the same ones. Vakula promised to get the best ones, and Oksana swore that she would marry him if he got the queen’s booties.

The devil was kissing Solokha’s hands at the time, but suddenly a voice and a knock of the head were heard. Guests, respected Cossacks, began to come to her house one after another. The devil had to hide in a coal sack. Then the clerk and the head had to, in turn, climb into the bags. Widow Chub, the most welcome of the guests for Solokha, climbed onto the clerk. The last guest, the “heavy-bodied” Cossack Sverbyguz, would not have fit in the bag. Therefore, Solokha decided to take him out into the garden and listen there to why he came.

Patsyuk

Returning home, Vakula saw the bags in the middle of the hut and decided to remove them. He left the house carrying a heavy load. In the cheerful crowd on the street he heard the voice of his beloved. Vakula threw the bags and went to Oksana, but she, reminding him of the slippers, ran away. The blacksmith, in anger, decided to give up his life, but, coming to his senses, he went to the Cossack Patsyuk for advice. Pot-bellied Patsyuk, according to rumors, was on friendly terms with evil spirits. Vakula, in despair, asked how to get to hell in order to enlist his help, but he gave only vague advice. The pious merchant, waking up, ran out of the hut.

Contract with the devil

The devil, sitting in the sack right behind Vakula’s back, could not, naturally, miss this prey. He proposed a deal to the blacksmith. Vakula agreed, but at the same time demanded that the agreement be sealed and, by crossing the devil, deceived him into submissiveness. The devil was now forced to take Vakula to St. Petersburg.

The bags abandoned by the blacksmith were found by walking girls. Having decided to find out what Vakula had caroled, they went to get a sleigh to take the find to Oksana’s hut. A dispute broke out between them over the bag in which Chub was located. Thinking that there was a boar sitting there, the godfather's wife took it away from the weaver and her husband. To the surprise of everyone, in this bag there was, besides Chub, also a clerk, and in the other - a head.

Meeting with the queen

Vakula, having flown to St. Petersburg, met the Cossacks who had previously passed through Dikanka and went to receive the queen along with them. During it, the Cossacks told the empress about their concerns. The queen asked what the Cossacks needed. Then Vakula fell to his knees and asked her for some slippers. The queen, struck by the sincerity of the young merchant, ordered shoes to be brought to Vakula.

The final

The whole village was talking about the blacksmith's death. And Vakula came to Chub with gifts to woo the girl, fooling the devil. The Cossack gave his consent, and Oksana ("The Night Before Christmas") met the blacksmith with joy, ready to marry him even without boots. In Dikanka, they later praised the wonderfully painted house in which the Vakula family lived, as well as the church where the devil was skillfully depicted in hell, at which everyone who passed by spat.

This is where we finish describing the summary. "The Night Before Christmas" ends on this optimistic note. After all, good always defeats evil, including in this work by Gogol. "The Night Before Christmas", the theme of which is the people, their way of life, traditions and customs, proves this. The work is filled with a bright, joyful holiday atmosphere. By reading it, we seem to become participants in it.