Labor protection during the production of stone works. Presentation on the topic "safety precautions for masonry" Safety precautions for masonry work in brief

Safety precautions during excavation work

During excavation work, along with general ones, special safety requirements must be observed. Near underground communications, excavation must be done manually or power tool only under the supervision of a foreman. In cases where communications such as gas pipelines and electrical cables are operational, the presence of gas or energy workers is required during excavation work.

If work is detected at the site of production that is not indicated in the communications documentation, the work should be stopped immediately until official permission is received from the relevant organizations.

Limit values ​​for the depth of pits and trenches in dry soils and near existing structures should not exceed the values ​​​​given in regulatory documents.

While the excavator is operating, people should not be at a distance less than its operating zone plus 5 m. Loading of soil into vehicles is carried out from its rear and side sides.

Manufacturing safety stone works

One of the main conditions for safe work is proper organization mason's workplace and his work.

Before starting work, the mason must: inspect workplace, make sure that masonry materials are placed correctly, that tools, equipment, and fixtures are in good working order, and check the stability of installed scaffolding or scaffolding.

The mason must work in gloves that protect the skin of his hands.

Scaffolding and scaffolding are installed on clean, leveled surfaces. All other elements of the scaffolding must be designed for strength, and the scaffolding as a whole must be designed for stability. Scaffolding racks are attached along their entire height to strong parts of the building or structure. If it is impossible to attach scaffolding to the structures being erected, their stability is ensured in another way (for example, by installing a strut and guy wires). Places and methods of fastening must be indicated in the work plan (work plan). It is prohibited to attach scaffolding to parapets, cornices, balconies and other protruding parts of buildings and structures.

Scaffolding and scaffolding must not be overloaded with materials in excess of the design load established for the given scaffolding or scaffolding design. Avoid accumulation of materials in one place. Every day after work is completed, the scaffolding and scaffolding are cleared of debris. A gap is created between the working flooring and the wall of the building under construction, but its value should not exceed 5 cm.

Every day before the start of the shift, the foreman in charge of the relevant work area and the foreman of the special forces must check the condition of the scaffolding and scaffolding. Masonry of more than two floors is prohibited if there are no interfloor ceilings.

The laying of any tier of walls is carried out in such a way that its level after each movement of the scaffolding is 15 cm above the working floor (the mason should not work with a dangerous slope).

During the work process, special attention must be paid to ensuring the stability of structures (at the stage of their unfinished construction). Laying out the walls of the next floor is allowed only after the installation of the floor structures. The maximum height for the construction of a free-standing stone wall without temporary fastening should not exceed the values ​​​​established by SNiP depending on the thickness of the wall, volumetric mass masonry and the magnitude of wind pressure or wind speed.

Laying walls at the level of prefabricated ceilings reinforced concrete slabs, performed from the scaffolding of the underlying floor. In cases where during the masonry process wooden and window openings are not filled ready-made blocks, inventory fences are installed in the openings. Wall materials, tools or construction garbage should not be left on the walls during breaks in work.

Cornices protruding from the plane of the wall by more than 30 cm should be installed from external scaffolding or from inventory scaffolding, the width of the flooring, which should overlap the overhang of the cornice by 60 cm. In this case, the materials are placed on internal flooring, and the masons work while on the exhaust scaffolding.

When laying walls from internal scaffolding around the entire perimeter of the building, external inventory protective canopies are installed in the form wooden flooring(or mesh from synthetic materials) on brackets. The first row of canopies is installed at a height of no more than 6 m from the ground and left until the walls are laid to their full height; The second row of canopies is placed at a height of 6-7 m above the first, and then along the course of the laying it is rearranged every 6-7 m.

Without protective canopies, you can lay the walls of buildings no more than 7 m high, but at the same time, a fence is installed on the ground around the perimeter of the building at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the wall.

When laying walls from internal scaffolding, permanent canopies measuring at least 2x2 m are installed above the entrance to the staircases. Stair landings and marches, as well as openings in ceilings, are fenced off.

Bricks are lifted onto floors (scaffolding, scaffolding), as a rule, in packages on pallets using cases that prevent bricks from falling out, or with grips if there are devices that protect the package. Empty cases, grippers, and pallets are lowered by crane.

The most common causes of injuries when performing masonry work are: lack of guardrails, falling materials and tools from a height, the use of imperfect and unstable scaffolding, scaffolding, stepladders, work without means personal protection.
When moving and delivering bricks, ceramic stones, blocks of facing tiles to the workplace by cranes, it is necessary to use pallets, containers, grips and other devices that prevent the load from falling during lifting. When supplying bricks to the workplace in packages on pallets, it is necessary to use four-sided and three-sided cases with an inclination towards the enclosed rear wall of approximately 15%.
The solution should be supplied to the workplace in self-unloading buckets (into hoppers or mortar boxes) or special containers (with four loops) using load-lifting cranes.
Masonry of walls is permitted from scaffolding, scaffolding or floors, and the height of each tier of the wall is taken so that the level of the masonry after each movement of the scaffolding means is at least 0.7 m above the level of the working floor or floor. If it is necessary to carry out masonry below this level, the masonry should be carried out using safety belts or special mesh safety fences.
If the wall thickness is more than 0.75 m, it is allowed to carry out masonry from the wall using a safety belt attached to a special safety device. It is not allowed to lay external walls up to 0.75 m thick while standing on the wall. Laying walls of buildings of the next floor without installation load-bearing structures interfloor coverings, as well as platforms and marches in stairwells
not allowed.

When laying walls with a height of more than 7 m, it is necessary to use protective canopies around the perimeter of the building that meet the following requirements:
- the width of the protective canopies must be at least 1.5 m, and they must be installed with a slope towards the wall so that the angle formed between the bottom of the building wall and the surface of the canopy is 110°, and the gap between the building wall and the canopy flooring is not exceeded 50 mm;
- protective visors must withstand evenly distributed snow load, established for a given climatic region, and a concentrated load of at least 1600 N (160 kgf), applied in the middle of the span;
- the first row of protective canopies must have a continuous flooring at a height of no more than 6 m from the ground and remain until the wall laying is completed;
- the second row, made solid or from mesh materials with a cell no more than 50 x 50 mm, should be installed at a height of 6 - 7 m above the first row, and then rearranged every 6 - 7 m along the course of the laying.
Workers involved in installing, cleaning or removing protective visors must wear safety belts. Walking on canopies, using them as scaffolding, or placing materials on them is not permitted.
When laying walls from internal scaffolding, external protective inventory canopies should be installed along the entire perimeter of the building in the form of a flooring on brackets or on consoles produced from window openings, and above the entrances to the staircases - canopies measuring 2 x 2 m in plan. The brackets should be hung on steel hooks, embedded in the masonry of the walls as it is erected and spaced no more than 3 m from each other.
Laying walls from internal scaffolding is permitted if the building height is no more than 7 m, but in this case it is necessary to install a fence around the entire perimeter of the building at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the wall, and over the entrances, in addition, it is necessary to make canopies measuring 2 x 2 m.
The most dangerous job in masonry work is laying cornices. Laying cornices of any profile protruding from the planes of the walls by more than 30 cm can only be done from external scaffolding. When laying brick cornices on outlet structures (reinforced concrete slabs, etc.), they are firmly fixed to anchors. The danger zone in the masonry areas must be fenced off, since the safety canopies are not designed to protect against the fall of reinforced concrete slabs from the eaves.
When installing cornices, it is prohibited to work or stand on the wall itself or below the masonry site. In the process of installing a cornice, it is necessary to carefully monitor the strength of its elements and, first of all, the correct and reliable anchoring of the cornice slabs and the balancing of its brickwork.
It is forbidden to stand or walk on the cornice slab and on the cornice itself, as well as lean beams on it for hanging cradles, since the cornice may collapse when testing the cradles or during operation.
When installing external wall cladding slabs, which is usually done from internal scaffolding simultaneously with masonry, workers must use safety belts.
Temporary fastenings of cornice elements or wall cladding can be removed after the mortar has reached the strength established by the project.
Interrupt masonry, which is produced simultaneously with external cladding, is permitted only after laying out the wall to the level of the top edge of the facing slabs. External seams must be sealed after laying out each row of scaffolding.
If landings and flights in staircases are not constructed or fenced, or there is no interfloor ceiling, or belt flooring is not installed along the beams of these floors, it is prohibited to lay walls to a height of more than two floors.

Safety precautions during excavation work

Safety measures

Before the start of excavation work at the locations of existing underground communications, measures must be developed and agreed upon with the organizations operating these communications. safe conditions labor, and their location on the ground is indicated:

Work in the zone of existing communications should be carried out under the supervision of a foreman or foreman, and in the security zone of live cables and gas pipelines under the supervision of representatives of these farms;

If explosive materials are discovered, stop excavation work until permission is received from the relevant authorities;

When working in areas with possible soil contamination (landfill, cemeteries, cattle burial grounds), obtain permission from the State Sanitation Service;

When performing work in populated areas where there is movement of people, pits and trenches must be fenced protective fence, which are at night;

Places where people pass through trenches should be equipped with transition bridges illuminated at night;

Soil removed from a pit or trench should be placed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the edge of the excavation;

It is prohibited to mine the soil by digging;

Digging pits and trenches with vertical walls without fastenings it is allowed to a depth of no more than:

1 m – in bulk, sandy, coarse soils;

1.25 m – in sandy loam;

1.50 m – in loams and clays.

Digging pits and trenches with a slope without fastenings in non-rocky soils above the level groundwater allowed with excavation depth and slope steepness in accordance with Table 4 (SNiP-4-80);

The steepness of the slopes of excavations with a depth of more than 5 m must be established by the design;

When installing fasteners, top part they should protrude above the edge of the excavation by no less than 15 cm. The fasteners should be installed in the direction from top to bottom as the excavation is developed to a depth of no more than 0.5 m. Disassembly should be done from bottom to top as far as backfill recesses;

Before allowing workers into pits and trenches more than 1.3 m deep, the stability of slopes or wall fastenings must be checked.

1. When moving and feeding bricks, ceramic stones and small blocks to the workplace by lifting mechanisms, pallets, containers and load-handling devices should be used to prevent the load from falling when lifting and moving the load at height.

2. The level of the masonry after each movement of scaffolding must be at least 0.7 m above the level of the working floor or ceiling.

3. When laying walls with a height of more than 7 m, it is necessary to use protective canopies around the perimeter of the building that meet the following requirements:



The width of the protective canopies must be at least 1.5 m and must be installed with a slope to the wall of 110 degrees, and the gap between the building wall and the surface of the canopy should not exceed 50 mm.

Protective visors must withstand evenly distributed snow load.

The first row of protective canopies must have a continuous flooring at a height of no more than 6 m from the ground and remain in place until the wall masonry is completed.

4. Workers involved in installing, cleaning or removing protective visors must wear safety belts. Walking on canopies, using them as scaffolding, or storing materials on them is not allowed.

→ Stone work


Safety precautions during masonry work


Fulfill brickwork The mason should only stand on scaffolding or scaffolding, without standing on the wall.

You can work on a wall (stand on the inner mile) if the thickness of the wall is three bricks or more; In this case, it is imperative to use safety belts and tie to stable structures.

Scaffolding and scaffolding must be installed on clean, level surfaces. Special attention attention should be paid to supporting the racks of the tubular scaffolding on the ground. To distribute pressure evenly, wooden pads are placed under the posts perpendicular to the wall being built (one pad under two posts).

Flooring on scaffolding and scaffolding must be level and free of cracks. They should be made from inventory boards, sewn with strips. The gap between the wall of the building under construction and the working flooring of the scaffolding should not exceed 5 cm. This gap is needed so that, by lowering the plumb line below the scaffolding, it is possible to check the verticality of the masonry being built.

The condition of all scaffolding and scaffolding structures, including the condition of connections, decking and fences, must be systematically monitored. The condition of scaffolding and scaffolding must be checked daily before the start of the shift by the foreman in charge of the relevant area of ​​work at a given site and the foreman.

The laying of any tier of walls is carried out so that its level after each mixing is 15 cm above the working floor.

Simultaneously with the laying of walls, ready-made window blocks. In cases where door and window openings are not filled with ready-made blocks during the masonry process, the openings must be covered with inventory barriers.

The laying of cornices protruding from the plane of the wall by more than 30 cm, in the absence of external scaffolding, must be done from the inventory of exhaust hanging scaffolding.

When laying walls from internal scaffolding, it is necessary to install external inventory protective canopies along the entire perimeter of the building in the form of a flooring on brackets hung on steel hooks, which are embedded in the masonry as it is erected.

When installing canopies, the following requirements must be observed: install the first row of canopies at a height of no more than 6 m from the ground and leave it until the walls are laid to their full height; install the second row of canopies at a height of 6-7 m above the first row, and then rearrange them every 6-7 m along the course of the laying. Protective canopies must have a width of at least 1.5 m and external corner elevation 20° to the horizon.

Without installing protective canopies, it is possible to lay the walls of buildings no more than 7 m high, but at the same time, fences must be installed on the ground along the perimeter of the buildings at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the wall.

During the construction of foundations and basement walls, it is necessary to check the quality of fastening of the walls of trenches and pits, and for the convenience of work, it is advisable to leave free space about 0.5 m wide between the lower edge of the trench or pit and the outer plane of the foundation or wall. Workers must descend into a pit or trench using stepladders protected by railings. You cannot lower a stone down a chute while simultaneously receiving it from the chute; you also cannot throw a stone into a pit or a trench from the edge.

The height of each tier of masonry is set so that the level of the masonry after each movement is at least two rows of stone above the level of the scaffolding or ceiling. Masonry should be carried out only from interfloor ceilings and intar scaffolds. It is forbidden to erect walls while standing on Scaffolding and scaffolding for masonry must satisfy environmental conditions and safety requirements. When constructing masonry in hazardous areas, masons must use safety belts, using them to secure themselves to stable parts of the building or structure. Walls with a height of more than two floors should be laid with the obligatory installation of floors or temporary flooring of appropriate strength and rigidity, as well as flights of stairs and areas with fencing. Stones in the form of packages placed on pallets with cases that prevent them from falling out should be transported to the workplace using lifting mechanisms. All devices used for lifting materials must be equipped with devices that prevent their spontaneous opening and material falling out. Empty pallets, containers, boxes, cases, etc. must not be dropped from floors, scaffolds and scaffolds. They can only be lowered using lifting mechanisms.

When laying walls from the inside of a building or structure from the outside, protective inventory canopies are installed along their entire perimeter in the form of a 1.5 m wide flooring, laid on brackets at an angle of 20° to the horizontal surface and designed to withstand a concentrated load of 1600 N applied in the middle of the span between the brackets .

WITH outside canopies are equipped with side boards. The brackets are hung on steel hooks, embedded in the masonry as it is erected, at a distance of no more than 3 m from each other.

During construction stone walls with a height of no more than 7 m, instead of installing canopies, it is allowed to install a fence on the ground along the perimeter of a building or structure at a distance of at least 1.5 m from the wall. In this case, canopies with a plan size of at least 2X2 m are installed over the entrances to the building or structure.

It is prohibited to leave materials, garbage, or tools on the walls during the process.


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