Municipal educational institution

Ryazanovskaya average comprehensive school

PROJECT WORK

MANUFACTURING PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT WITH YOUR OWN HANDS

Completed

8th grade students

Gusyatnikov Ivan,

Kanashuk Stanislav,

Physics teacher

Samorukova I.G.

RP Ryazanovsky, 2019

Introduction.

Main part.

1. Purpose of the device;

   tools and materials;

   Manufacturing of the device;

   General view of the device;

   Features of the device demonstration.

Conclusion.

Bibliography.

INTRODUCTION

In order to carry out the necessary experiment, instruments are needed. But if they are not in the office laboratory, then some equipment for the demonstration experiment can be made with your own hands. We decided to give some things a second life. The work presents installations for use in physics lessons in grade 8 on the topic “Pressure of Liquids”

TARGET:

make instruments, physics installations for demonstration physical phenomena with your own hands, explain the operating principle of each device and demonstrate their operation.

HYPOTHESIS:

Use the made device, installation in physics to demonstrate physical phenomena with your own hands in lessons when demonstrating and explaining the topic.

TASKS:

Make devices that arouse great interest among students.

Make instruments that are not available in the laboratory.

Make devices that cause difficulty in understanding theoretical material in physics.

PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The significance of this work lies in the fact that Lately, when the material and technical base in schools has weakened significantly, experiments using these installations help to form some concepts in the study of physics; devices are made from waste material.

MAIN PART.

1. DEVICE For demonstration of Pascal's law.

1.1. TOOLS AND MATERIALS . Plastic bottle, awl, water.

1.2. MANUFACTURING THE DEVICE . Make holes with an awl from the bottom of the vessel at a distance of 10-15 cm in different places.

1.3. PROGRESS OF THE EXPERIMENT. Partially fill the bottle with water. Press with your hands on top part bottles. Observe the phenomenon.

1.4. RESULT . Observe water flowing out of the holes in the form of identical streams.

1.5. CONCLUSION. The pressure exerted on the fluid is transmitted without change to every point of the fluid.

2. DEVICE for demonstrationdependence of liquid pressure on the height of the liquid column.

2.1. TOOLS AND MATERIALS. Plastic bottle, drill, water, felt-tip pen tubes, plasticine.

2.2. MANUFACTURING THE DEVICE . Take plastic bottle capacity 1.5-2 liters.In a plastic bottle different heights make several holes (d≈ 5 mm). Place the tubes from the helium pen into the holes.

2.3. PROGRESS OF THE EXPERIMENT. Fill the bottle with water (pre-close the holes with tape). Open the holes. Observe the phenomenon.

2.4. RESULT . Water flows further from the hole located below.

2.5. CONCLUSION. The pressure of the liquid on the bottom and walls of the vessel depends on the height of the liquid column (the higher the height, the greater the liquid pressurep= gh).

3. DEVICE - communicating vessels.

3.1. TOOLS AND MATERIALS.The lower parts of two plastic bottles of different sections, tubes from felt-tip pens, a drill, water.

3.2. MANUFACTURING THE DEVICE . Cut off the bottom parts of plastic bottles, 15-20 cm high. Connect the parts together with rubber tubes.

3.3. PROGRESS OF THE EXPERIMENT. Pour water into one of the resulting vessels. Observe the behavior of the surface of the water in the vessels.

3.4. RESULT . The water levels in the vessels will be at the same level.

3.5. CONCLUSION. In communicating vessels of any shape, the surfaces of a homogeneous liquid are installed at the same level.

4. DEVICE to demonstrate pressure in a liquid or gas.

4.1. TOOLS AND MATERIALS.Plastic bottle, balloon, knife, water.

4.2. MANUFACTURING THE DEVICE . Take a plastic bottle, cut off the bottom and top. You will get a cylinder. Tie a balloon to the bottom.

4.3. PROGRESS OF THE EXPERIMENT. Pour water into the device you have made. Place the completed device in a container of water. Observe a physical phenomenon

4.4. RESULT . There is pressure inside the liquid.

4.5. CONCLUSION. At the same level, it is the same in all directions. With depth, pressure increases.

CONCLUSION

As a result of our work, we:

conducted experiments to prove the existence atmospheric pressure;

created homemade devices, demonstrating the dependence of liquid pressure on the height of the liquid column, Pascal's law.

We enjoyed studying pressure, making homemade devices, and conducting experiments. But there is a lot of interesting things in the world that you can still learn, so in the future:

We will continue to study this interesting science,

We will produce new devices to demonstrate physical phenomena.

USED ​​BOOKS

1. Teaching equipment for physics in high school. Edited by A.A. Pokrovsky-M.: Education, 1973.

2. Physics. 8th grade: textbook / N.S. Purysheva, N.E. Vazheevskaya. –M.: Bustard, 2015.

DIY Tesla coil. Tesla's resonant transformer is a very impressive invention. Nikola Tesla perfectly understood how spectacular the device was, and constantly demonstrated it in public. Why do you think? That's right: to get additional funding.

You can feel like a great scientist and amaze your friends by making your own mini-reel. You will need: a capacitor, a small light bulb, a wire and a few other simple parts. However, remember that the Tesla resonant transformer produces high voltage high frequency- familiarize yourself with the technical safety rules, otherwise the effect may turn into a defect.

Potato cannon. An air gun that shoots potatoes? Easily! This is not a particularly dangerous project (unless you decide to make a giant and very powerful potato weapon). Potato cannon - great way A fun time for those who love engineering and petty hooliganism. The super weapon is easy to make - you just need an empty aerosol spray bottle and a couple of other spare parts that are easy to find.

High power toy machine gun. Remember children's toy machines - bright, with different functions, bang-bang, oh-oh-oh? The only thing many of the boys lacked was for them to shoot a little further and a little harder. Well, this can be fixed.

Toy machines are made of rubber to make them as safe as possible. Of course, manufacturers have made sure that the pressure in such pistols is minimal and cannot cause harm to anyone. But some craftsmen have still found a way to add power to children's weapons: you just need to get rid of the parts that slow down the process. From which ones and how - says the experimenter from the video.

Drone with your own hands. Many people think of a drone solely as a large unmanned aerial vehicle used in military operations in the Middle East. This is a misconception: drones are becoming an everyday occurrence, in most cases they are small, and making them at home is not that difficult.

Parts for a “home” drone are easy to acquire, and you don’t have to be an engineer to assemble the whole thing – although, of course, you will have to tinker. The average handmade drone consists of a small main part, a few additional parts (can be purchased or found from other devices) and electronic equipment for remote control. Yes, it’s a special pleasure to equip a finished drone with a camera.

Theremin- music magnetic field. This mysterious electro-musical instrument is of interest not only (and not so much?) to musicians, but to mad scientists. You can assemble this unusual device, invented by a Soviet inventor in 1920, at home. Imagine: you simply move your hands (of course, with the languid air of a scientist-musician), and the instrument makes “otherworldly” sounds!

Learning to masterly operate a theremin is not an easy task, but the result is worth it. Sensor, transistor, speaker, resistor, power supply, a couple more parts, and you're good to go! This is what it looks like.

If you don’t feel confident in English, watch a Russian-language video on how to make a theremin from three radios.

Remote controlled robot. Well, who hasn't dreamed of a robot? And even self-assembled! True, a fully autonomous robot will require serious titles and efforts, but a robot with remote control It is quite possible to create it from scrap materials. For example, the robot in the video is made of foam, wood, a small motor and a battery. This “pet”, under your guidance, moves freely around the apartment, overcoming even uneven surfaces. With a little creativity you can make it look like this appearance, whatever you like.

Plasma ball I've probably already attracted your attention. It turns out that you don’t need to spend money on purchasing it, but you can gain confidence in yourself and do it yourself. Yes, at home it will be small, but still one touch to the surface will cause it to discharge with the most beautiful multi-colored “lightning”.

The main ingredients are an induction coil, an incandescent lamp and a capacitor. Be sure to follow safety precautions - this spectacular device operates under voltage.

Solar powered radio- An excellent device for lovers of long hikes. Don't throw away your old radio: just attach it to solar battery, and you will become independent from batteries and other power sources other than the sun.

This is what a radio with a solar battery looks like.

Segway today it is incredibly popular, but is considered an expensive toy. You can save a lot by spending just a few hundred dollars instead of a thousand, adding to them own strength and time, and make a Segway yourself. This is not an easy task, but it is quite possible! Interestingly, today Segways are used not only for entertainment - in the United States they are used by postal workers, golfers and, most strikingly, experienced Steadicam operators.

You can get acquainted with the detailed almost hour-long instructions - however, it is in English.

If you doubt that you have understood everything correctly, below are the instructions in Russian - to get a general idea.

Non-Newtonian fluid allows you to do a lot of fun experiments. It's absolutely safe and exciting. A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose viscosity depends on the nature of the external influence. It can be made by mixing water with starch (one to two). Do you think it's easy? Not so. The “tricks” of a non-Newtonian fluid begin already in the process of its creation. Further more.

If you take a handful of it, it will look like polyurethane foam. If you start throwing it up, it will move like it’s alive. Relax your hand and it will begin to flow. Squeeze it into a fist and it will become hard. It “dances” if you bring it to powerful speakers, but you can also dance on it if you stir enough for this. In general, it’s better to see it once!

a- Roma Davydov Head: physics teacher - Khovrich Lyubov Vladimirovna Novouspenka – 2008

Goal: Make a device, a physics installation to demonstrate physical phenomena with your own hands. Explain the operating principle of this device. Demonstrate the operation of this device.

HYPOTHESIS: Use the made device, installation in physics to demonstrate physical phenomena with your own hands in the lesson. If this device is not available in the physical laboratory, this device will be able to replace the missing installation when demonstrating and explaining the topic.

Objectives: Make devices that arouse great interest among students. Make devices that are not available in the laboratory. make devices that cause difficulty in understanding theoretical material in physics.

EXPERIMENT 1: Forced oscillations. With uniform rotation of the handle, we see that the action of a periodically changed force will be transmitted to the load through the spring. Changing with a frequency equal to the frequency of rotation of the handle, this force will force the load to perform forced vibrations. Resonance is the phenomenon of a sharp increase in the amplitude of forced vibrations.

Forced vibrations

EXPERIENCE 2: Jet propulsion. We will install a funnel in a ring on a tripod and attach a tube with a tip to it. We pour water into the funnel, and when the water begins to flow out from the end, the tube will bend in the opposite direction. This is reactive movement. Reactive motion is the movement of a body that occurs when some part of it is separated from it at any speed.

Jet propulsion

EXPERIMENT 3: Sound waves. Let's clamp a metal ruler in a vice. But it is worth noting that if most of the ruler acts as a vice, then, having caused it to oscillate, we will not hear the waves generated by it. But if we shorten the protruding part of the ruler and thereby increase the frequency of its oscillations, then we will hear the generated Elastic waves, propagating in the air, as well as inside liquid and solid bodies, but are not visible. However, under certain conditions they can be heard.

Sound waves.

Experiment 4: Coin in a bottle Coin in a bottle. Want to see the law of inertia in action? Prepare a half-liter milk bottle, a cardboard ring 25 mm wide and 0 100 mm wide and a two-kopeck coin. Place the ring on the neck of the bottle, and place a coin on top exactly opposite the hole in the neck of the bottle (Fig. 8). After inserting a ruler into the ring, hit the ring with it. If you do this abruptly, the ring will fly off and the coin will fall into the bottle. The ring moved so quickly that its movement did not have time to be transferred to the coin, and according to the law of inertia, it remained in place. And having lost its support, the coin fell down. If the ring is moved to the side more slowly, the coin will “feel” this movement. The trajectory of its fall will change, and it will not fall into the neck of the bottle.

Coin in a bottle

Experiment 5: Floating Ball When you blow, a stream of air lifts the ball above the tube. But the air pressure inside the jet is less than the pressure of the “quiet” air surrounding the jet. Therefore, the ball is located in a kind of air funnel, the walls of which are formed by the surrounding air. By smoothly reducing the speed of the jet from the upper hole, it is not difficult to “plant” the ball in its original place. For this experiment you will need an L-shaped tube, for example glass, and a light foam ball. Close the top hole of the tube with a ball (Fig. 9) and blow into the side hole. Contrary to expectation, the ball will not fly away from the tube, but will begin to hover above it. Why is this happening?

floating ball

Experiment 6: Body movement in a “dead loop” Using the “dead loop” device, you can demonstrate a number of experiments on dynamics material point around the circumference. The demonstration is carried out in the following order: 1. The ball is rolled down the rails from the highest point of the inclined rails, where it is held by an electromagnet, which is powered by 24V. The ball steadily describes a loop and flies out at a certain speed from the other end of the device2. The ball is rolled from the lowest height, when the ball just describes a loop without falling off top point her3. From an even lower height, when the ball, not reaching the top of the loop, breaks away from it and falls, describing a parabola in the air inside the loop.

Body movement in a "dead loop"

Experiment 7: Hot air and cold air Stretch a balloon onto the neck of an ordinary half-liter bottle (Fig. 10). Place the bottle in a saucepan with hot water. The air inside the bottle will begin to heat up. The molecules of the gases that make up it will move faster and faster as the temperature rises. They will bombard the walls of the bottle and ball more strongly. The air pressure inside the bottle will begin to increase and the balloon will begin to inflate. After some time, transfer the bottle to a saucepan with cold water. The air in the bottle will begin to cool, the movement of molecules will slow down, and the pressure will drop. The ball will wrinkle as if the air has been pumped out of it. This is how you can verify the dependence of air pressure on the ambient temperature

The air is hot and the air is cold

Experiment 8: Stretching a solid body Taking the foam block by the ends, stretch it. The increase in distances between molecules is clearly visible. It is also possible to simulate the occurrence of inter-molecular attractive forces in this case.

Tension of a rigid body

Experiment 9: Compression of a solid body Compress a foam block along its major axis. To do this, place it on a stand, cover the top with a ruler and apply pressure with your hand. A decrease in the distance between the molecules and the emergence of repulsive forces between them are observed.

Compression of a solid

Experiment 4: Double cone rolling upward. This experiment serves to demonstrate experience confirming that a freely moving object is always positioned in such a way that the center of gravity occupies the lowest possible position for it. Before demonstration, the planks are placed at a certain angle. To do this, the double cone is placed with its ends into the cutouts made in the upper edge of the planks. Then the cone is moved down to the beginning of the planks and released. The cone will move upward until its ends fall into the cutouts. In fact, the center of gravity of the cone, lying on its axis, will shift downward, which is what we see.

Double cone rolling upward

Student interest in a lesson with physics experience

Conclusion: It is interesting to observe the experiment conducted by the teacher. Carrying it out yourself is doubly interesting. And conducting an experiment with a device made and designed with your own hands arouses great interest among the whole class. In such experiments it is easy to establish a relationship and draw a conclusion about how this installation works.

Do you love physics? You love experiment? The world of physics is waiting for you!
What could be more interesting than experiments in physics? And, of course, the simpler the better!
These exciting experiences will help you see extraordinary phenomena light and sound, electricity and magnetism Everything necessary for the experiments is easy to find at home, and the experiments themselves simple and safe.
Your eyes are burning, your hands are itching!
Go ahead, explorers!

Robert Wood - a genius of experimentation.........
- Up or down? Rotating chain. Fingers of salt......... - The Moon and diffraction. What color is the fog? Newton's rings......... - A top in front of the TV. Magic propeller. Ping-pong in the bath......... - Spherical aquarium - lens. Artificial mirage. Soap glasses......... - Eternal salt fountain. Fountain in a test tube. Rotating spiral......... - Condensation in a jar. Where is the water vapor? Water engine........ - Popping egg. An overturned glass. Swirl in a cup. Heavy newspaper.........
- IO-IO toy. Salt pendulum. Paper dancers. Electric dance.........
- The mystery of ice cream. Which water will freeze faster? It's frosty, but the ice is melting! .......... - Let's make a rainbow. A mirror that doesn't confuse. Microscope made from a drop of water.........
- The snow creaks. What will happen to the icicles? Snow flowers......... - Interaction of sinking objects. Ball is touchable.........
- Who is faster? Jet balloon. Air carousel......... - Bubbles from a funnel. Green hedgehog. Without opening the bottles......... - Spark plug motor. Bump or hole? A moving rocket. Divergent rings.........
- Multi-colored balls. Sea resident. Balancing egg.........
- Electric motor in 10 seconds. Gramophone..........
- Boil, cool......... - Waltzing dolls. Flame on paper. Robinson's feather.........
- Faraday experiment. Segner wheel. Nutcrackers......... - Dancer in the mirror. Silver plated egg. Trick with matches......... - Oersted's experience. Roller coaster. Don't drop it! ..........

Body weight. Weightlessness.
Experiments with weightlessness. Weightless water. How to reduce your weight.........

Elastic force
- Jumping grasshopper. Jumping ring. Elastic coins..........
Friction
- Reel-crawler..........
- Drowned thimble. Obedient ball. We measure friction. Funny monkey. Vortex rings.........
- Rolling and sliding. Rest friction. The acrobat is doing a cartwheel. Brake in the egg.........
Inertia and inertia
- Take out the coin. Experiments with bricks. Wardrobe experience. Experience with matches. Inertia of the coin. Hammer experience. Circus experience with a jar. Experiment with a ball.........
- Experiments with checkers. Domino experience. Experiment with an egg. Ball in a glass. Mysterious skating rink.........
- Experiments with coins. Water hammer. Outsmarting inertia.........
- Experience with boxes. Experience with checkers. Coin experience. Catapult. Inertia of an apple.........
- Experiments with rotational inertia. Experiment with a ball.........

Mechanics. Laws of mechanics
- Newton's first law. Newton's third law. Action and reaction. Law of conservation of momentum. Quantity of movement.........

Jet propulsion
- Jet shower. Experiments with jet spinners: air spinner, jet balloon, ether spinner, Segner wheel.........
- Rocket from balloon. Multistage rocket. Pulse ship. Jet boat.........

Free fall
-Which is faster.........

Circular movement
- Centrifugal force. Easier on turns. Experience with the ring.........

Rotation
- Gyroscopic toys. Clark's top. Greig's top. Lopatin's flying top. Gyroscopic machine.........
- Gyroscopes and tops. Experiments with a gyroscope. Experience with a top. Wheel experience. Coin experience. Riding a bike without hands. Boomerang experience.........
- Experiments with invisible axes. Experience with paper clips. Rotating a matchbox. Slalom on paper.........
- Rotation changes shape. Cool or damp. Dancing egg. How to put a match.........
- When the water does not pour out. A bit of a circus. Experiment with a coin and a ball. When the water pours out. Umbrella and separator..........

Statics. Equilibrium. Center of gravity
- Vanka-stand up. Mysterious nesting doll.........
- Center of gravity. Equilibrium. Center of gravity height and mechanical stability. Base area and balance. Obedient and naughty egg..........
- Center of gravity of a person. Balance of forks. Fun swing. A diligent sawyer. Sparrow on a branch.........
- Center of gravity. Pencil competition. Experience with unstable balance. Human balance. Stable pencil. Knife at the top. Experience with a ladle. Experience with a saucepan lid.........

Structure of matter
- Fluid model. What gases does air consist of? Highest density of water. Density tower. Four floors.........
- Plasticity of ice. A nut that has come out. Properties of non-Newtonian fluid. Growing crystals. Properties of water and eggshell..........

Thermal expansion
- Expansion of a solid. Lapped plugs. Needle extension. Thermal scales. Separating glasses. Rusty screw. The board is in pieces. Ball expansion. Coin expansion.........
- Expansion of gas and liquid. Heating the air. Sounding coin. Water pipe and mushrooms. Heating water. Warming up the snow. Dry from the water. The glass is creeping.........

Surface tension of a liquid. Wetting
- Plateau experience. Darling's experience. Wetting and non-wetting. Floating razor.........
- Attraction of traffic jams. Sticking to water. A miniature Plateau experience. Bubble..........
- Live fish. Paperclip experience. Experiments with detergents. Colored streams. Rotating spiral.........

Capillary phenomena
- Experience with a blotter. Experiment with pipettes. Experience with matches. Capillary pump.........

Bubble
- Hydrogen soap bubbles. Scientific preparation. Bubble in a jar. Colored rings. Two in one..........

Energy
- Transformation of energy. Bent strip and ball. Tongs and sugar. Photo exposure meter and photo effect.........
- Conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy. Propeller experience. Bogatyr in a thimble..........

Thermal conductivity
- Experiment with an iron nail. Experience with wood. Experience with glass. Experiment with spoons. Coin experience. Thermal conductivity of porous bodies. Thermal conductivity of gas.........

Heat
-Which is colder. Heating without fire. Absorption of heat. Radiation of heat. Evaporative cooling. Experiment with an extinguished candle. Experiments with the outer part of the flame..........

Radiation. Energy transfer
- Transfer of energy by radiation. Experiments with solar energy.........

Convection
- Weight is a heat regulator. Experience with stearin. Creating traction. Experience with scales. Experience with a turntable. Pinwheel on a pin..........

Aggregate states.
- Experiments with soap bubbles in the cold. Crystallization
- Frost on the thermometer. Evaporation from the iron. We regulate the boiling process. Instant crystallization. growing crystals. Making ice. Cutting ice. Rain in the kitchen.........
- Water freezes water. Ice castings. We create a cloud. Let's make a cloud. We boil the snow. Ice bait. How to get hot ice.........
- Growing crystals. Salt crystals. Golden crystals. Large and small. Peligo's experience. Experience-focus. Metal crystals.........
- Growing crystals. Copper crystals. Fairytale beads. Halite patterns. Homemade frost.........
- Paper pan. Dry ice experiment. Experience with socks.........

Gas laws
- Experience on the Boyle-Mariotte law. Experiment on Charles's law. Let's check the Clayperon equation. Let's check Gay-Lusac's law. Ball trick. Once again about the Boyle-Mariotte law..........

Engines
- Steam engine. The experience of Claude and Bouchereau.........
- Water turbine. Steam turbine. Wind turbine. Water wheel. Hydro turbine. Windmill toys.........

Pressure
- Pressure of a solid body. Punching a coin with a needle. Cutting through ice.........
- Siphon - Tantalus vase..........
- Fountains. The simplest fountain. Three fountains. Fountain in a bottle. Fountain on the table.........
- Atmosphere pressure. Bottle experience. Egg in a decanter. Can sticking. Experience with glasses. Experience with a can. Experiments with a plunger. Flattening the can. Experiment with test tubes.........
- Vacuum pump made from blotting paper. Air pressure. Instead of the Magdeburg hemispheres. A diving bell glass. Carthusian diver. Punished curiosity.........
- Experiments with coins. Experiment with an egg. Experience with a newspaper. School gum suction cup. How to empty a glass.........
- Pumps. Spray..........
- Experiments with glasses. The mysterious property of radishes. Experience with a bottle.........
- Naughty plug. What is pneumatics? Experiment with a heated glass. How to lift a glass with your palm.........
- Cold boiling water. How much does water weigh in a glass? Determine lung volume. Resistant funnel. How to pierce a balloon without it bursting..........
- Hygrometer. Hygroscope. Barometer from a cone......... - Barometer. Aneroid barometer - do it yourself. Balloon barometer. The simplest barometer......... - Barometer from a light bulb.......... - Air barometer. Water barometer. Hygrometer..........

Communicating vessels
- Experience with the painting.........

Archimedes' law. Buoyancy force. Floating bodies
- Three balls. The simplest submarine. Grape experiment. Does iron float.........
- Ship's draft. Does the egg float? Cork in a bottle. Water candlestick. Sinks or floats. Especially for drowning people. Experience with matches. Amazing egg. Does the plate sink? The mystery of the scales.........
- Float in a bottle. Obedient fish. Pipette in a bottle - Cartesian diver..........
- Ocean level. Boat on the ground. Will the fish drown? Stick scales.........
- Archimedes' Law. Live toy fish. Bottle level.........

Bernoulli's law
- Experience with a funnel. Experiment with water jet. Ball experiment. Experience with scales. Rolling cylinders. stubborn leaves.........
- Bendable sheet. Why doesn't he fall? Why does the candle go out? Why doesn't the candle go out? The air flow is to blame.........

Simple mechanisms
- Block. Pulley hoist.........
- Lever of the second type. Pulley hoist.........
- Lever arm. Gate. Lever scales.........

Oscillations
- Pendulum and bicycle. Pendulum and Earth. A fun duel. Unusual pendulum..........
- Torsion pendulum. Experiments with a swinging top. Rotating pendulum.........
- Experiment with the Foucault pendulum. Addition of vibrations. Experiment with Lissajous figures. Resonance of pendulums. Hippopotamus and bird.........
- Fun swing. Oscillations and resonance.........
- Fluctuations. Forced vibrations. Resonance. Seize the moment.........

Sound
- Gramophone - do it yourself..........
- Physics musical instruments. String. Magic bow. Ratchet. Singing glasses. Bottlephone. From bottle to organ.........
- Doppler effect. Sound lens. Chladni's experiments.........
- Sound waves. Propagation of sound.........
- Sounding glass. Flute made from straw. The sound of a string. Reflection of sound.........
- Phone made from a matchbox. Telephone exchange.........
- Singing combs. Spoon ringing. Singing glass.........
- Singing water. Shy wire.........
- Sound oscilloscope..........
- Ancient sound recording. Cosmic voices.........
- Hear the heartbeat. Glasses for ears. Shock wave or firecracker..........
- Sing with me. Resonance. Sound through the bone.........
- Tuning fork. A storm in a teacup. Louder sound.........
- My strings. Changing the pitch of the sound. Ding Ding. Crystal clear.........
- We make the ball squeak. Kazoo. Singing bottles. Choral singing..........
- Intercom. Gong. Crowing glass.........
- Let's blow out the sound. Stringed instrument. Small hole. Blues on bagpipes..........
- Sounds of nature. Singing straw. Maestro, march.........
- A speck of sound. What's in the bag? Sound on the surface. Day of disobedience.........
- Sound waves. Visual sound. Sound helps you see.........

Electrostatics
- Electrification. Electric panty. Electricity is repellent. Dance of soap bubbles. Electricity on combs. The needle is a lightning rod. Electrification of the thread.........
- Bouncing balls. Interaction of charges. Sticky ball.........
- Experience with a neon light bulb. Flying bird. Flying butterfly. An animated world.........
- Electric spoon. St. Elmo's Fire. Electrification of water. Flying cotton wool. Electrification of a soap bubble. Loaded frying pan.........
- Electrification of the flower. Experiments on human electrification. Lightning on the table.........
- Electroscope. Electric Theater. Electric cat. Electricity attracts.........
- Electroscope. Bubble. Fruit battery. Fighting gravity. Battery of galvanic cells. Connect the coils.........
- Turn the arrow. Balancing on the edge. Repelling nuts. Turn on the light.........
- Amazing tapes. Radio signal. Static separator. Jumping grains. Static rain.........
- Film wrapper. Magic figurines. Influence of air humidity. Revived door knob. Sparkling clothes.........
- Charging from a distance. Rolling ring. Crackling and clicking sounds. Magic wand..........
- Everything can be charged. Positive charge. Attraction of bodies. Static glue. Charged plastic. Ghost leg.........

Artificial tornado. One of N. E. Zhukovsky’s books describes the following installation for producing an artificial tornado. At a distance of 3 m above the vat of water, a hollow pulley with a diameter of 1 m, having several radial partitions, is placed (Fig. 119). When the pulley rotates quickly, a spinning waterspout rises from the vat to meet it. Explain the phenomenon. What is the reason for the formation of a tornado in nature?

“Universal barometer” by M. V. Lomonosov (Fig. 87). The device consists of a barometric tube filled with mercury, having a ball A at the top. The tube is connected by a capillary B to another ball containing dry air. The device is used to measure minute changes in atmospheric pressure. Understand how this device works.

Device N. A. Lyubimov. Moscow University professor N.A. Lyubimov was the first scientist to experimentally study the phenomenon of weightlessness. One of his devices (Fig. 66) was a panel l with loops, which could fall along the guide vertical wires. On the panel l a vessel with water is strengthened 2. Inside the vessel, with the help of a rod passing through the lid of the vessel, is placed big traffic jam 3. Water tends to push out the plug, and the latter, stretching the rod. press 4, keep the index arrow on right side screen. Will the needle maintain its position relative to the vessel if the device falls?