Separator (expander) for continuous blowing of the boiler DN300. Continuous blowing separators Continuous blowing separators operating principle

Separator continuous blowing cyclone type is designed to separate the boiler blowdown water into steam and water formed from the blowdown water of steam boilers when its pressure is reduced from intra-boiler pressure to the pressure in the separator and for the purpose of subsequent use of the heat of water and steam. Separation occurs due to the action of centrifugal forces caused by the tangential input of water into the separator. After this, steam with a high degree of dryness is supplied to the consumer.

Continuous separator purging SNP-0,15-1,4

Continuous blowing separators SNP can be used in condensate collection systems in order to reduce the consumption of steam consumed and heat losses from the discharged steam-condensate mixture.

In addition to the tangential supply of condensate (blowdown water), the blowdown separators are equipped with vertical louvered drop eliminators for drying the secondary boiling steam.

Main parameters and technical characteristics

Name	Unit change	SNP-0.15-0.06 (Du-300)	SNP-0.15-0.8 (Du-300)	SNP-0.15-1.4 (Du-300)	SP-0.28-0.45 (Du-450)	SP-0.7-0.6 (Du-600)	SP-1.4-0.8 (Du-800)	SP-1.5-0.8 (Du-800)	SP-5.5-1.4 (Du-800)
Working pressure	MPa	0,06	0,8	1,4	0,45	0,6	0,8	0,8	1,4
Temperature	o C	113	174,5	194	170	170	170	175	127
Test pressure	MPa	0,16	1,0	1,75	1,0	1,0	1,0	1,1	0,2
Steam capacity	t/h	1	1	1	0,7	2,75	5,26	12,5	70,0
Capacity	m 3	0,15	0,15	0,15	0,28	0,7	1,4	1,5	5,5
Dry weight without components	kg	175	175	245	470	756	1114	1200	1878
Weight of components	kg	85	85	90	110	120	128	128	150

Design and principle of operation

The continuous blowing separator is a vertical cylindrical vessel(see Fig. 1) with elliptical bottoms, supply pipes placed oppositely, steam and drain pipes, a level indicator for visual control, a spring safety valve, and a float-type condensate drain that automatically maintains the water level. The swirling of the flow is carried out due to the organized supply of the steam-water mixture to the inner wall of the separator with the installation of internal guide devices. Typically, the blowdown water consumption for the separator ranges from 1% to 5% of the boiler output.

Separation into steam and water occurs in the middle part of the separator. The steam, while maintaining rotational motion, is directed into the steam space and discharged through a pipe located on the upper bottom. Water flows down inner surface separator into the water volume and is discharged through a pipe located in the lower part of the housing. A fitting is provided on the lower bottom for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for periodically cleaning the lower part of the water volume from sludge and contaminants.

Rice. 1. Drawing of a continuous blowing separator

Rice. 2. Piping diagram of the continuous blowing separator

On the cylindrical part of the body of the continuous blowdown separator, two supports are welded for installing the separator and nozzles for the tangential supply of the steam-water mixture of boiler blowdown water to the separator. In the upper bottom of the separator there is a pipe with a flange for the outlet of separated steam, and in the lower bottom there is a fitting with a valve for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for the possibility of periodically removing sludge and contaminants from the lower part of the water volume.

The lower cylindrical part of the housing has a float-type condensate drain and a level indicator. Using the level indicator, the water level is visually monitored. The float steam trap is designed for automatic maintenance constant water level in the separator.

The steam is directed into the steam space, and the separated water flows down the inner wall of the separator into the water volume.

Installation procedure

Installation of the purge separator is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation developed by specialized design organizations and the requirements of the installation instructions.

To prevent a possible increase in pressure, a spring safety valve is provided on the separator body.

The continuous blowing separator is installed in a vertical position on pre-assembled support beams. Next, instrumentation, safety devices, a float condensate trap are installed and piping is performed.

The installation of the SNP purge separator must provide the possibility of inspecting, repairing and cleaning it both internally and externally. outside, must eliminate the danger of it tipping over. Hanging of the separator on the connecting pipelines is not allowed.

During installation, for ease of maintenance of the separator, platforms and stairs can be installed, which should not interfere with the strength, stability and possibility of free inspection and cleaning of the outer surface.

After installing and securing the continuous blowing separator, piping and equipping it with fittings, it is necessary to perform a hydraulic (pneumatic) test. After the hydraulic test, the separator and pipelines are washed, the functionality of the fittings, float steam trap, and safety valve is checked, after which the separator is put into operation.

Maintenance and Operation

The condition for normal and reliable operation of a continuous blowdown separator is to ensure continuous removal of steam and water from the separator and maintain the pressure in the separator within the established limits. This is achieved if the float steam trap and safety valve are in good condition.

The continuous blowdown separator must be constantly monitored service personnel. The proper condition of the float steam trap should be properly monitored:

check the sight glass, which must be installed behind the condensate drain, once per shift;
Monitor steam pressure at least 3 times per shift;
At least 3 times per shift, monitor the availability of normal level condensation in the housing along the water indicator glass;
Purge the level indicator at least once per shift, depending on the quality of the purge water.

The safety valve must be forcibly undermined at least once per shift, followed by monitoring of the return of the valve to its original position and the absence of steam leaks. Periodic inspection of the separator should be carried out both for preventive purposes and to identify the causes of problems that have arisen.

Inspection and cleaning of the blowdown separator housing should be carried out at least once every 2-3 years when the separator is shut down for routine and major repairs.

Continuous blowing separators must undergo technical inspection after installation, before putting into operation, periodically during operation and, if necessary, extraordinary inspection.

In case of long-term repairs, as well as insufficient density of the shut-off valves, the equipment being repaired should be switched off. The thickness of the plugs must correspond to the parameters of the working environment.

When loosening bolts on flange connections, care must be taken to ensure that steam and water inside the purge separator and piping do not cause burns to people.

Cyclone type, designed to separate the steam-water mixture when blowing steam boilers into steam and water due to the action of centrifugal forces caused by the tangential input of water into the separator.

Continuous blowing separator Du-300: 1 - inlet of the purge steam-water mixture Du-150; 2 - steam output Du-80; 3 - drainage Du-15; 4 - output of separated water Du-40.

Design and principle of operation

Continuous blowing separator Du-300 is a vertical cylindrical vessel with flat or elliptical bottoms, a flattened inlet pipe or a circular pipe, steam and water outlet pipes and a float regulator that automatically maintains the water level. The flow is swirled through the organized supply of a steam-water mixture to the inner wall of the separator or through the installation of internal guide devices. Typically, the blowdown water consumption for the separator ranges from 1% to 5% of the boiler output.

Separation into steam and water occurs in the middle part of the separator. The steam, while maintaining rotational motion, is directed into the steam space and discharged through a pipe located on the upper bottom. Water flows down the inner surface of the separator into the water volume and is discharged through a pipe located in the lower part of the housing. A fitting is provided on the lower bottom for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for periodically cleaning the lower part of the water volume from sludge and contaminants.

On the cylindrical part of the body, two supports are welded for installing the separator and a nozzle for the tangential supply of the steam-water mixture of boiler purge water to the separator. In the upper bottom of the separator there is a pipe with a flange for the outlet of separated steam, and in the lower bottom there is a fitting with a valve for draining water from the separator when it is turned off and for the possibility of periodically removing sludge and contaminants from the lower part of the water volume.

In the lower cylindrical part of the housing there is a float regulator for the water level in the separator and a level indicator. Using the level indicator, the water level is visually monitored. The float level controller is designed to automatically maintain a constant water level in the separator.

The continuous blowdown separator is designed to separate the steam-water mixture formed from the blowdown medium of steam generators when its pressure is reduced from intra-boiler pressure to the pressure in the separator into steam and water and is installed in continuous blowdown circuits.

Technical characteristics of continuous blowing separators

Capacity, m³	Working pressure, MPa	Temperature, °C	Steam capacity, t/h	Steam-water mixture consumption, t/h
0,15	0,06	113	1	7
0,28	0,7	170	0,7	3,5
0,7	0,7	170	2,75	13,75
1,4	0,7	170	5,26	26,3

Inclusion of separators in a steam boiler house circuit

1 - Steam boiler; 2 — separator (expander) for periodic purging; 3 — separator (expander) of continuous blowing; 4 — water heat exchanger; 5 - tank; 6 — chemical water treatment filters; 7 — atmospheric deaerator; 8 — steam-water heat exchanger; 9 — condensate expander (separator); 10 — condensate tank; 11 - supply raw water

Design and principle of operation of a continuous blowing separator

The separator is a vertical cylindrical vessel of a welded structure and consists of a body with a lower elliptical bottom welded to it; The upper elliptical bottom is connected to the body using a flange connector.

In the middle part of the body, 2 or 4 supports are welded for installing the separator in a suspended state on support beams.

In the lower part of the body there is a receiving device, consisting of two concentrically installed shells and two tangentially welded pipes into the body, designed for receiving tangentially supplied purge water.

In the upper part of the housing, a separating device is bolted to the ring, consisting of a set of specially bent blades and designed for separating small drops of water from steam.

A constant level of separated water is automatically maintained by a float level regulator built into the DN 150 fitting in the lower part of the housing.

For visual monitoring of the level of separated water, the separator is equipped water indicating device, consisting of water indicator glass and valve type taps.

To monitor the working pressure in the steam space of the separator (for separators DN 450; 600; 800), there is a pressure gauge indicating a measurement limit of up to 1.6 MPa (16 kgf/cm2) with a 3-way purge valve and a drain valve.

Lifting lugs are welded to the separator on the upper bottom for transportation in vertical and horizontal positions.

Cutting off steam pressure in the housing above the permissible level (7.5 kgf/cm2) is ensured by a full-lift flanged safety valve DN 50 Ru 16 kgf/cm2, equipped with a replaceable spring type I, operating at a pressure in the range of 7-13 kgf/cm2. Valve operation is adjusted to a pressure of 7.5 kgf/cm2. Top part The valve is closed by a cap, which contains an adjusting screw for setting the spring to a given pressure.

After adjustment, the adjusting screw is locked with a nut, closed with a cap and sealed. Safety valve in a separator DN 300 ( operating pressure 0.06 MPa) is not provided.

The work of the separator is in receiving the steam-water mixture from the boiler, dividing it into steam and water due to expansion and rotational movement of the flow in the receiving device of the separator. A precipitation operation takes place in the receiving device. The steam is finally dried in a separating device.

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Continuous blowing of drum boilers is aimed at maintaining the concentration of salts in the boiler water within acceptable limits and generating steam

proper cleanliness.

To reduce heat losses with continuous blowing, continuous blowing separators (expanders) are used in the thermal circuit of the boiler room. The pressure in the expander is significantly lower than in the boiler drum, so part of the blowdown water in it evaporates due to the heat accumulated in it. The secondary steam generated in the expander is usually sent to the deaerator. The separated water, which has a saturation temperature at the pressure in the continuous blowdown expander, is then used in the thermal circuit of the boiler room.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of the use of heat from blowdown water in the thermal circuit of the boiler room.

The heat of the purge water leaving the continuous purge separator is economically feasible to use when the amount of this water is greater than 0.28 kg/s (or 1000 kg/h). This water is usually passed through a raw water heat exchanger.

Water from the separator, if available, is supplied to the blow-off well, where it is cooled to a temperature of 25...40 0 C, and then discharged into the sewer.

The amount of secondary steam generated from the purge water is determined from the equation heat balance expander

Rice. 5. Scheme of using the heat of continuous blowing: 1 – drum of the boiler unit; 2 – continuous blowing expander; 3 – raw water heater;
4 – purge well; 5 – raw water pump; 6 – discharge into the sewer

Where do we get:

. (5)

- – quantity (flow) of secondary steam released from the blowing water, kg/s;

- – the amount of blowdown water removed from the boilers during blowdown, kg/s, ;

- – the value of continuous blowing as a percentage of the total steam output of the boiler room (taken within the limits
from 2 to 10%));

- – enthalpy of blowdown water, equal to the enthalpy of boiling water in the boiler drum at boiler pressure (see boiler brand), kJ/kg;

- – enthalpy of boiling water at pressure in the continuous blowing expander, kJ/kg;

- – enthalpy of wet saturated steam at pressure in the continuous blowing expander, kJ/kg;

Separators and expanders of continuous and periodic blowdown are designed to separate into steam and water the steam-water mixture formed from the blowdown water of steam boilers, condensate from steam receivers, drainage of steam pipelines when its pressure is reduced to the pressure in the separator (expander), with subsequent use of the heat of water and steam.

Separators and expanders can be used in condensate collection systems to reduce the consumption of steam and heat losses from the discharged steam-condensate mixture.

The expanders have the simplest separating device - a tangential supply of condensate (blow-down water).

In addition to the tangential supply of condensate (blowdown water), the separators are equipped with vertical louvered drop eliminators for drying the secondary boiling steam.

Modifications

This section presents serial separators and expanders:

Separators and expanders are manufactured in accordance with TU 3113-005-68215545-2014.

The plant has the ability to develop and manufacture separators (expanders) according to technical specifications.

Design and principle of operation of a continuous blowing separator

In the middle part of the body, 2 or 4 supports are welded for installing the separator in a suspended state on support beams.

In the lower part of the housing there is a receiving device, consisting of two concentrically installed shells and two tangentially welded pipes into the housing, designed to receive tangentially supplied purge water.

In the upper part of the housing, a separating device is bolted to the ring, consisting of a set of specially bent blades and designed to separate small drops of water from steam.

A constant level of separated water is automatically maintained by a float level regulator built into the DN 150 fitting in the lower part of the housing.

To visually monitor the level of separated water, the separator is equipped with a water-indicating device, consisting of a water-indicating glass and valve-type taps.

To monitor the operating pressure in the steam space of the separator (for separators SP-0.28-0.45; SP-0.7-0.6; SP-1.4-0.8; SP-1.5-0, 8); There is a pressure gauge indicating a measurement limit of up to 1.6 MPa (16 kgf/cm 2) with a 3-way purge valve and a drain valve.

Cutting off steam pressure in the housing above the permissible level (7.5 kgf/cm2) is ensured by a full-lift flanged safety valve DN 50 Ru 16 kgf/cm2, equipped with a replaceable spring type I, operating at a pressure in the range of 7-13 kgf/cm2. Valve operation is adjusted to a pressure of 7.5 kgf/cm 2 . The upper part of the valve is closed by a cap, which contains an adjusting screw for setting the spring to the specified pressure. There is no safety valve in the SP-0.15-0.3 separator (working pressure 0.06 MPa).

The operation of the separator is to receive a steam-water mixture from the boiler, dividing it into steam and water due to the expansion and rotational movement of the flow in the separator receiving device. A precipitation operation takes place in the receiving device. The steam is finally dried in a separating device.