This article will talk about well-known, interesting, necessary and useful key combinations on the keyboard, which many people probably do not know. However, if you get used to using them, you can save a lot of time as a result. And since time is money, and computers are our everything, this article is a must-read and understandable for everyone!

1. Magnifying glass (magnification)

Win + +/-

What does an activated magnifying glass look like in lens mode (there is also a full-screen mode, then the entire screen will be a magnifying glass)

When vision is poor, and you need to look at part of the screen, you can greatly enlarge it and view the screen as if through a magnifying glass.

2. Increased contrast

Shift + Alt + Print Screen

Folder view in high contrast mode

This combination enables or disables High Contrast mode

3. Flip (rotate) the screen in any direction

Ctrl + Alt + arrows (up/down/left/right)

Inverted screen view

The arrows will flip the screen in the direction indicated. This function will be useful on laptops, when, for example, you need to see how something looks in height, or if you need to turn the laptop over. This is how designers rotate the screen to see more. Or you can joke with your friends. In general, you can figure out how to apply this interesting feature yourself.

This trick does not work everywhere (depending on the video card).

4. Quickly switch between windows

Alt+Tab

When you switch, you will see a side view of all open windows. The appearance may vary depending on the version of Windows. The picture shows Window 10.

When many windows are open, it is often convenient to switch between them not with the mouse, but with the keyboard using Alt + Tab. To select the desired window, do not release ALT and press TAB.

However, with a large number of windows this is not always convenient. However, when you work with two windows that you need to switch between frequently, this combination will be indispensable. One way or another, every modern person should know and have the habit of using this combination.

Alt+Esc similar to Alt+Tab, but switches windows in the order in which the windows were opened.

By the way, such a switch can be caused using the combination Win + Tab.

5. Quickly delete a file (bypass the trash)

Shift + Del

Windows always asks you to confirm deleting a file, and sooner or later this confirmation window becomes annoying. This combination will delete the selected file immediately without confirmation.

By the way, you can disable confirmations in the cart settings. To do this, right-click on the Recycle Bin (on your desktop), click on Settings and uncheck the box next to “Show confirmation window”.

Disable file deletion confirmation

6. Quickly go to the desktop (minimize all windows)

Pressing this combination again will return all previously open windows as if you had never minimized anything.

By the way, you can get to the desktop by clicking the implicit button at the end of the toolbar (next to the clock).

Another option to minimize all windows is to grab any window by the top with the mouse and shake it (left right left right). This will close all active windows, except the window you grabbed... This thing is called Aero Shake, which can also be done using a keyboard shortcut Win+Home.

7. Quickly exit your profile (account)

This combination will only be useful if you have a password set on your profile. By clicking it, you can quickly exit your profile without turning off your computer, thereby blocking access to it. You will be able to log into your profile again only after entering your password. In this case, everything in your profile will remain exactly as it was before you logged out, including all open application windows and so on (as if you never logged out).

8. Minimizing, maximizing, moving windows

Win + up/down— expands/collapses the current window to fill the entire screen (if it can be expanded). These combinations are similar to clicking on the middle window button.

Win + left/right— will place the window exactly on the left or right half of the screen.

Working in two windows at the same time

Win + Shift + left/right— will move the window to the adjacent monitor (when 2 or more monitors are used).

9. Other interesting and useful combinations

Win + B - activates system tray switching. May be useful if the mouse suddenly stops working.

Ctrl + Shift + N - quick creation new folder in the current directory.

Win+Pause/Break- opens the system window (basic data of your Windows). It will be useful when you need to see the computer name or system information.

Ctrl + Shift + Esc - Task Manager, the same as the Ctrl+Alt+Del combination in earlier versions of Windows.

Shift + F10 - opens the context menu of a file or folder. The same as pressing the right mouse button. However, in this case we will see underlines under the letters and when we press the corresponding letter on the keyboard, the desired menu item will be selected. Well, or you can simply go to the desired menu item using the arrows and press enter.

Context menu

Alt+Enter- opens the properties of a folder or file. There you can see the size, creation date, etc.

10. Meaning of function keys (F1 F2 F3 F4 ...)

Every keyboard has function keys, but not every one of us knows the purpose of these keys, and yet half of them are assigned common tasks:

• F1- call for help (help).
• F2*- editing. Renaming a file or folder.
• F3*- search. Allows you to search for required files and folders. If the search is open, it focuses on the search string. In programs, enables or starts a search.
• F4- exit. Closing.
• F5*- page update.
• F6- button to switch between viewing modes.
• F7- no specific function (depends on the application).
• F8- if pressed while Windows is loading, allows you to select the boot mode. In other cases it depends on the application.
• F9- to enter the boot menu on some motherboard models. This menu allows you to specify HDD from which the computer needs to boot. Typically, changing the parameters of this menu is necessary when installing Windows.
• F10- most often this is calling or closing the program menu.
• F11*- most often this is switching to full screen mode and back.
• F12- no strict function. Depends on the program. Often used to open the program menu. In Word, this key is used to save an open document.

Video on the topic

Full list all keyboard shortcuts for any version of Windows.

I highly recommend getting used to using keyboard shortcuts - they save a lot of time, I’ve tested it from personal experience.

Basic Windows hotkeys 1

So, in fact, it is. When advanced user moves from one program to another, it is rarely difficult for him to master a new interface or new features. As a rule, everything that worked on old or other versions also works successfully with new software systems.

What is the reason? Very simple. The main attention is paid to the “friendliness” and understandability of the interface. Once in demand, proven technologies for using programs rarely undergo changes.

One of these tricks - “hot keys” in text editors such as MS Word, MS WordPad, OpenOffice.org and many others - requires a separate discussion due to their regular use.

There are several common keyboard shortcuts for managing files from application programs. These are Ctrl+N, Ctrl+O, Ctrl+S, Ctrl+Q. Let's look at the purpose of each combination separately.

To create a new document, be it a text file, an audio file or a video, in the appropriate program press Ctrl+N or select the desired menu item. To open an existing file, use the combination Ctrl+O.

Despite the ability to autosave, computer malfunctions can become a headache if the data you are editing is irretrievably lost. Therefore, it is good practice to periodically press Ctrl+S. This command saves the changes made. Sometimes there is a need to save data to another file, then the F12 key comes to the rescue.

You can print a document using the Ctrl+P command. Try using this combination and you will see that it is much easier than searching for the desired command with your mouse in the menu.

And, of course, to finish working with the program - a pleasant end to the working day - there are many options for hot keys. You can, for example, press Alt+F4 or Ctrl+W, which are standard commands for closing an application, or you can use a specially provided menu command or its hotkey- Ctrl+Q (in OpenOffice.org).

The name itself - a text editor - implies typing and editing texts. Therefore, on teams general purpose It’s worth going into more detail on document editing.

Firstly, these are the standard operations “Cut”, “Paste”, “Copy”. Although they are described in all guides and articles (even on our website), I consider it necessary to repeat here.

So, to cut the selected object to the clipboard, press Ctrl+X or Shift+Del; to copy the selected object to the clipboard - Ctrl+C or Ctrl+Ins; to paste an object from the buffer - Ctrl+V or Shift+Ins.

Now let's talk about such an interesting feature of MS Word as working with vertical blocks of text. To understand what this is, consider an example where vertical and horizontal blocks are compared:

As a rule, most users do not even know what vertical blocks are and that all the same editing operations apply to them as for ordinary horizontal ones.

To switch to vertical block selection mode, press Ctrl+Shift+F8. Only then select the block with the mouse or the cursor keys. You can do it another way: select a block of text and simultaneously hold down the Alt key. Experiment with vertical blocks. I am sure that they will come in handy someday and will help you save a lot of time and effort.

Often the results of editing do not bring satisfaction from the work done, and you want to go back a step, or even several steps back. To do this, press Ctrl+Z. If you need to repeat the changes made, then there is a very convenient command - Ctrl+Y.

And finally: when working with documents, you sometimes have to change the scale of the text. There is a special menu item for this, but it is much more convenient to turn the mouse wheel and simultaneously hold down the Ctrl key. Try it, I think you will like this simple technique.

Let's summarize:

operations with files: Ctrl+N, Ctrl+O, Ctrl+S, F12, Ctrl+P;

working with the clipboard: Ctrl+X, Ctrl +C, Ctrl+V, Ctrl+Z, Ctrl+Y, Shift+Ins, Shift+Del, Ctrl+Ins, Ctrl + selection - for a vertical block of text;

change the scale, display text: Ctrl + rotate the mouse wheel.

The document should look beautiful, so that it is pleasant to look at, so that all tables are neat, the most important thoughts are highlighted, so that there is nothing superfluous on the page and at the same time there is nothing unreasonable empty seats. The ideal is not achievable, but there are a number of techniques that make it easier to change a document in order to, through trial and error, get at least a little closer to the cherished perfection.

Font effects play an important role in the perception of text. Let's look at some of them in more detail.

To underline a word, you need to select it and then simultaneously press the Ctrl+U key combination. In this case, both all characters of the selected text and the spaces between them will be underlined. To underline only words you need to use Ctrl+Shift+U. To select a block of text in italics, you can use the combination Ctrl+I. If, to increase clarity, it was decided to highlight some phrases in bold, then for this there is a convenient alternative to the mouse - Ctrl + B.

It is often necessary for a phrase to be typed in capital letters. The easiest way to do this is to immediately type in upper case. However, it is not always possible to do everything correctly, so a special command was developed to convert a selected piece of text into upper or lower case - Shift+F3.

All the key combinations described above work as switches. This means that to return to the previous text input mode, you must press the same key combination again that changed the standard mode. For example, the Ctrl+U command will set the font attribute responsible for the underscore. To remove this attribute and return to the normal style, you must press Ctrl+U again.

Notes and footnotes are an integral part of any creative work. Of course, you can use the menu item of the same name to insert a footnote, but it is much easier to do this by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F.

To insert a page break, it is convenient to use Ctrl+Enter.

Some things can only be done if you use a mouse and keyboard at the same time. The most common example is smooth resizing of table cells. This is achieved by resizing the cell using the mouse and simultaneously pressing the Alt key.

It's no secret that text looks much better on a computer screen or in printed form when it is aligned in width. This alignment is achieved by increasing the length of the space between words. However, such behavior is not always justified. For example, you need to type a sentence that contains a surname and initials. If you put a simple space between them, then when aligning the initials may be located far away

from the surname, which is incorrect. To eliminate this effect, there is a special character - a fixed space. The easiest way to insert it is by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Spacebar at the same time.

So, let's summarize.

to change the font effect, use the commands: Ctrl+I, Ctrt+B, Ctrl+U, Ctrl+Shift+W;

to convert letters to uppercase: Shift+F3;

to set a fixed space: Ctrl+Shift+Space;

to break pages: Ctrl+Enter.

It is impossible to know all the keyboard shortcuts for quick access to menus to simplify basic text editing operations. But the main thing is different. The main thing is to learn to use the set of commands that are used most often than others. Each person will have a unique set. Of course, there will be similarities, but in general, everyone will plan their work with documents differently. Through trial and error, you can find how to quickly perform similar operations in order to save time and effort.

Basic Windows 2 hotkeys

Working in Windows can be made more efficient and faster if you use not only the mouse, but also use “hot keys” - special key combinations designed to simplify and speed up work. For example, few people know that the very often used Explorer (whether without it) is launched by simultaneously pressing Win + E. Agree, this is much more convenient!

Note

The Win key is located between the Ctrl and Alt keys on the left side (it has the Windows logo on it).

The Menu key is to the left of the right Ctrl.

The combination “key” + “key” means that you first press the first key, and then, while holding it, press the second.

General purpose hotkeys

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Open the Start menu
	Ctrl + Shift + Esc	Calling the "Task Manager"
		Launching Explorer
		Displaying the “Run program” dialog, analogous to “Start” - “Run”
		Minimize all windows or return to original state (switch)
		Locking a workstation
		Access Windows Help
		Opening the System Properties window
		Open file search window
		Open computer search window
		Take a screenshot of the entire screen
	Alt + Printscreen	Take a screenshot of the currently active window
		Switches between taskbar buttons
	Win + Shift + Tab
		Move between panels. For example, between the desktop and the Quick Launch panel
		Select everything (objects, text)

		Copy to clipboard (objects, text)
		Cut to clipboard (objects, text)
		Paste from clipboard (objects, text)
		Create a new document, project, or similar action. IN Internet Explorer this causes a new window to open with a copy of the contents
		current window.
		Call a file selection dialog to open a document, project, etc.
		Undo last action
		CD-ROM autorun lock (hold while the drive reads the newly inserted disc)
		Switch to full screen mode and back (switch; for example, in Windows Media Player or in a command interpreter window).

Work with text

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Select all
		Copy
		Cut
		Insert
		Moving through words in the text. Works not only in text editors. For example, it is very convenient to use in the address bar
		browser
		Text selection
	Ctrl + Shift + ←	Selecting text by words
	Ctrl + Shift + →

Move to the beginning or end of a line of text

Move to the beginning or end of the document

Working with files

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Displays the context menu of the current object (same as right-clicking).
		Calling “Object Properties”
		Renaming an object
	Drag with Ctrl	Copying an object
	Drag with Shift	Moving an object
	Drag with Ctrl + Shift	Create an object shortcut
	Ctrl clicks	Selecting multiple objects in random order
	Shift clicks	Selecting multiple adjacent objects
		Same as double clicking on an object
		Deleting an object
		Permanently deleting an object without placing it in the trash

Working in Explorer

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
	F3 or Ctrl + F	Show or hide the search bar in Explorer (switch).
		Navigation through the explorer tree, folding and unrolling of nested directories.
	+ (on numeric keypad)
	− (on numeric keypad)
	* (asterisk) (on numeric keypad)	Show all folders within a selected folder
		Refresh the Explorer or Internet Explorer window.

Working with Windows

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Calling the transition menu between windows and navigating through it
	Alt + Shift + Tab
		Switch between windows (in the order in which they were launched)
	Alt + Shift + Esc
		Switching between multiple windows of the same program (for example, between open WinWord windows)
		Closing the active window (running application). On the desktop - call the Windows shutdown dialog
		Closing the active document in programs that allow multiple documents to be opened simultaneously
		Calling the window menu
	Alt + − (minus)	Calling the system menu of a child window (for example, a document window)
		Exit a window menu or close an open dialog
		Call a menu command or open a menu column. The corresponding letters in the menu are usually underlined (either initially, or become
	Alt + letter	underlined after pressing Alt). If the menu column is already open, then to call the required command you must press the letter key,
		which is emphasized in this command
		Calling the window system menu
		Call application help.
		Scroll text vertically or move up and down paragraphs of text.

Working with Dialog Boxes

Working in Internet Explorer

	Keyboard shortcut	Description
		Displaying a list of the Address field
		Start another browser instance with the same web address
		Refresh the current web page
		Opens the Organize Favorites dialog box
		Opens the Search panel
		Starting the Search Utility
		Opens the Favorites panel
		Opens the Open dialog box
		Opens the Open dialog box, similar to CtrL+L
		Opens the Print dialog box
		Closing the current window
		Switch to full screen mode and back (works in some other applications as well).

Special abilities

Press the Shift key five times: Turn Sticky Keys on or off

Hold down the Right SHIFT key for eight seconds: Turn input filtering on or off

Hold down the Num Lock key for five seconds: Toggle voiceover on or off

Alt Left + Shift Left + Num Lock: Enable or disable keyboard pointer control

Alt Left + Shift Left + PRINT SCREEN: Toggle High Contrast on or off

When using a computer, the user performs most of the operations using the mouse, but in many cases it is impossible to do without using the keyboard. Text is typed using a keyboard, this is understandable, but to control a computer, a keyboard is also necessary.

To perform many operations on a computer or in programs, so-called “hot” keys are used. These keys, or a combination of several simultaneously pressed keys, perform certain commands that are necessary to perform any actions on the computer.

Most hotkeys perform the same actions in all versions of the Windows operating system. For new versions of the operating system, for example, for Windows 8.1, new hot keys have been added for more convenient control of the new interface of this operating system.

This article does not list all the hotkeys in Windows, there are a lot of them. I tried to select the most commonly used keys on the keyboard, which are used to perform various actions on the computer. In many cases, performing certain actions using the keyboard takes significantly less time than performing the same action using the mouse.

You can check this statement, for example, by opening a document in any text editor. After pressing the keyboard keys “Ctrl” + “P”, the document will be immediately sent for printing. And when using a mouse, you will first need to enter the corresponding program menu, and then in the context menu that opens, select the command to print this document. In this case, the gain in time when using keyboard keys is obvious.

Keyboard keys are conventionally divided into 4 classes:

• Alphanumeric block - typewriter keys.
• Service keys are keyboard keys that control keyboard input.
• Function keys (“F1” – “F12”) - the functions of a specific key will depend on the one used in this moment applications.
• Additional keyboard. This part of the keyboard is located on the right side of the keyboard. It is used to enter numbers and to control the computer. The operating mode is switched using the “Num Lock” key.

You can read about how to control a computer from the keyboard, without using a mouse.

Service keys

Service keys are designed to perform the following actions:

• Enter - input. Execution of any command, depending on the task currently being performed.
• Esc (Escape) - stop or cancel the action being performed.
• Caps Lock - enable the so-called capital letter mode. When you hold down this button, the entered text will be typed in capital letters.
• Num Lock - enable the numeric keypad.
• Page Up - scroll the page up.
• Page Down - scroll the page down.

• Backspace (←) - deletes the last character.
• Del (Delete) - deleting an object.
• Ins (Insert) - used for insertion and creation.
• Home - goes to the beginning (left edge) of the line.
• End - goes to the end (right edge) of the line.
• Tab - This key is used to switch between window elements without using the mouse.
• Print Screen - this key is used to take a screenshot of the monitor screen.

Keyboards widely use the “Ctrl (Conrtol)”, “Alt (Alternate)” and “Shift” keys, as they are often called modifier keys, which are used in conjunction with other keys to perform necessary actions.

Additional keys

These are relatively “new” keys that were introduced into the keyboard by keyboard manufacturers for more convenient computer control. These are the so-called Windows keys (keys with an image of the operating system logo), keys for controlling the computer's power, and multimedia keys.

Here are some keyboard shortcuts that perform actions when using the Win key (Windows):

• Win - opens and closes the Start menu.
• Win + Pause/Break - opens the System control panel window.
• Win + R - opens the Run window.

• Win + D - show and hide the Desktop.
• Win + M - minimize open windows.
• Win + Shift + M - open previously minimized windows.
• Win + E - launch Explorer.
• Win + F - opens the Search window.
• Win + Space (Space) - when you click on these buttons, you can view the Desktop.
• Win + Tab - switch between running applications.
• Win + L - blocking the computer or changing users.

Popular hotkeys

Other most commonly used keys and keyboard shortcuts:

• Alt + Shift - switch language.
• Ctrl + Esc - open the Start menu.
• Alt + Tab - switch between running programs.
• Alt + F4 - closes the current window or exits any program.
• F1 - Windows Help.
• F10 - activate the menu bar.
• Ctrl + O - open a document (in any program).
• Ctrl + W - close the document (in any program).
• Ctrl + S - save the document (in any program).
• Ctrl + P - print a document (in any program).
• Ctrl + A - select the entire document (in any program).
• Ctrl + C - copy a file or selected part of a document to the clipboard.
• Ctrl + Insert - copy a file or selected part of a document to the clipboard.

• Ctrl + X - cut a file or selected part of a document to the clipboard.
• Ctrl + V - paste a file or selected part of a document from the clipboard.
• Shift + Insert - insert a file or selected part of a document from the clipboard.
• Ctrl + Z - undo the last action.
• Ctrl + Y - repeat the undone action.
• Del (Delete) - deleting an object to the Trash.
• Ctrl + D - deleting an object to the Trash.
• Shift + Del - deletes an object from the computer without placing it in the Recycle Bin.
• F2 - rename the selected object.
• Alt + Enter - properties of the selected object.
• Shift + F10 - opens a context menu for the selected object.
• F5 - refreshes the active window.
• Ctrl + R - refreshes the active window.
• Ctrl + Shift + Esc - launch Task Manager.

Keyboard shortcuts in Explorer

Some keyboard shortcuts for working in Explorer:

• Ctrl + N - opens a new window.
• Ctrl + W - close the window.
• Ctrl + Shift + N - create a new folder.
• Ctrl + Shift + E - view all folders in which the selected folder is located.

Keyboard shortcuts in Windows 8.1

Windows 8 supports some additional keyboard shortcuts that are designed to better control the new features of this operating system.

Some keyboard shortcuts in the Windows 8.1 operating system:

• Win + C - opens the "miracle" buttons.
• Win + F - opens the “miracle” Search button to search for files.
• Win + H - opens the “miracle” button “Sharing”.
• Win + K - opens the “miracle” button “Devices”.
• Win + I - opens the “miracle” button “Options”.
• Win + O - fixes the screen orientation state (portrait or landscape).
• Win + Q - open the “miracle” “Search” button to search for data in all or one open program.
• Win + S - opens the "miracle" Search button to search Windows and the Internet.
• Win + W - opens the “miracle” button “Search” to search for parameters.
• Win + Z - displays the commands available in this application (if the program has such commands and parameters).
• Win + Tab - switch between recently used applications.
• Win + Print Screen - take and save a screenshot.
• Win + F1 - call help.
• Win + Home - minimizes or restores all windows of running applications.
• Win + Space (Space) - switches the keyboard layout to another language.
• Win + Ctrl + Space – return to the previous keyboard layout.
• Win + plus sign (+) - zoom in using Magnifier.
• Win + minus sign (–) - zoom out using Magnifier.
• Win + Esc - exit the screen magnifier.
• Win + U - launches the Ease of Access Center application.

Conclusions of the article

Using hot keys on a computer can significantly speed up the execution of practical tasks, saving the user time. In some cases, when working, using the keys on the keyboard is more convenient than performing similar actions using the mouse.

Google Chrome

• Ctrl+L or ALT+D or F6 - go to the address bar and select its contents;
• Ctrl+K or Ctrl+E - go to the address bar and enter a query to the default search engine;
• Ctrl+Enter - will turn tratata in the address bar into www.tratata. com:)
• Ctrl+T - new tab;
• Ctrl+N - new window;
• Ctrl+Shift+T - return the last closed tab;
• Ctrl+Shift+N - secret level of "Chrome" :) New window in "Incognito" mode;
• Shift+Esc - another secret level :) Built-in task manager;
• Ctrl+Tab or Ctrl+PageDown - as elsewhere, scroll through the tabs from left to right;
• Ctrl+Shift+Tab or Ctrl+PageUp - scroll through the tabs from right to left;
• Ctrl+1, ..., Ctrl+8 - switches between the first eight tabs;
• Ctrl+9 - switches to the last tab;
• Backspace or Alt+left arrow - go to the previous page in the history of the current tab;
• Shift+Backspace or Alt+right arrow - go to the next page in the history of the current tab;
• Shift+Alt+T - switch to the button toolbar; after that, you can navigate through it using the left and right arrows, and select a button by pressing Enter;
• Ctrl+J - open the all downloads tab;
• Ctrl+Shift+J - open developer tools (View element code menu);
• Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 - close the active tab or pop-up window;
• Ctrl+R or F5 - as elsewhere, refresh (open tab);
• Ctrl+H - open the History tab;
• Ctrl+Shift+Delete - clear history window;
• Ctrl+F or Ctrl+G - search for text on an open page;
• Ctrl+U - view the HTML source of the page; By the way, an address bar like view-source:FULL_URL will show the source from this URL;
• Ctrl+O - as elsewhere, the file opening window... and the "File" menu do not need to be searched;
• Ctrl+S - similar - saving the current page;
• Ctrl+P - print the current page;
• Ctrl+D - add to bookmarks, like most browsers;
• Ctrl+Shift+B - open Bookmark Manager;
• Alt+Home - return to the home page;
• Ctrl++ (plus), Ctrl+- (minus) - zoom in and out; “plus” and “minus” can be regular or gray;
• Ctrl+0 - return to display scale 100%;
• F11 - in Full Screen and back.
• Opening links in Chrome is also convenient, once you get used to it, and you don’t need the right mouse button:
• Ctrl + click on the link (option - click on the link with the middle mouse button or scroll wheel) - open the link in a new tab without switching to it;
• Ctrl + Shift + clicking on the link (option - Shift + clicking on the link with the middle mouse button or scroll wheel) - open the link in a new tab and switch to it;
• Shift + click on a link - open the link in a new window.

Firefox

• Raise or lower the page. Spacebar – lower the page, Shift+Space – raise the page.
• Find. Ctrl+F or Alt-N for next page.
• Bookmark this page. Ctrl+D.
• Quick search./.
• New inset. Ctrl+T.
• Go to the search bar. Ctrl+K.
• Go to address bar. Ctrl+L.
• Increase text size. Ctrl+=. Reduce text sizeCtrl+-
• Close tab. Ctrl-W.
• Refresh the page. F5.
• Go to home page. Alt-Home.
• Restore a closed page. Ctrl+Shift+T.
• Bookmarks by keywords. This is the most productive. If you visit a site frequently, you bookmark it (of course!), then go to bookmark properties (right-click on them). Add a short keyword to the keyword input line, save, and after that you can simply enter this keyword in the address bar (Ctrl+L) and immediately go to the site.

Gmail

• Write a new letter. C.
• Reply to the letter. R.
• Reply to all.A.
• Forward the letter. F.
• Save the current letter and open the next letter.Y+O.
• Delete the letter and open the next one. #+O (or Shift-3+O).
• Send a written letter. Tab-Enter.
• Search. /.
• Navigation. Move down J and up K through the contact list.
• List of messages. N and P move the cursor to the next or previous message in the message list.
• Ignore. M– letters with marked addresses are no longer included in the list of incoming letters and are archived.
• Select a chain of letters. X – the email chain will be selected. You can archive it, apply a shortcut to it, and select an action for it.
• Save draft. Control-S.
• Go to the list of messages. G+I.
• Go to tagged emails. G+S.
• Go to address book. G+C.

Windows

• Create shortcut key combinations. To create shortcut keys for quick switching, right-click on the shortcut key creation icon (you can find one on your desktop) and enter the combination. For example, such as Ctrl-Alt-W for the Word program.
• Switch between windows. Alt-Tab – select desired window, then lower the keys. Or, hold down the Windows key, press Tab to cycle through the taskbar buttons to find the window you want, then press Enter when you find it. If you add a Shift button to any of these methods, window selection will be done in the reverse direction.
• Go to desktop. Windows key-D.
• Context menu. Instead of right-clicking, press Shift-F10. Then scroll up or down the menu using the up and down arrow keys.
• Shutdown. To quickly shut down your computer, press the Window key and then U. With this key, you can also press S to pause, U to shut down, or R to restart.
• The most general. You know this, of course, but for beginners you need to mention the most famous combinations: Ctrl-O – open, Ctrl-S – save, Ctrl-N – open a new document, Ctrl-W – close window, Ctrl-C – copy, Ctrl -V – paste, Ctrl-X – cut. Ctrl-Z – undo (backward), Ctrl-Y – undo (forward). To see the contents of the clipboard in MS Office, press Ctrl-C twice. Ctrl-Home – go to the beginning of the document, Ctrl-End – go to the end.
• Menu. When you press Alt, a menu appears that you need to navigate using the arrow buttons. Alt plus the underlined letter of each menu option leads to the use of that option. Or simply remember the key combination for this option for even faster use.
• Windows Explorer. Windows-E - My Computer program starts.

Mac OS X

• Switch Dock. Option-Cmd-D – show/hide Dock.
• Hide everything else. Cmd-Option-H hides all other windows except the one you are in. Lightens your screen.
• Close a window. Cmd-W closes active open window. Option-Cmd-W closes all open windows.
• Expand the directory. Option-Cmd-Right Arrow – Expand a directory and subdirectories in a list in Finder.
• Back and forth. Cmd-[ andCmd-] works with Finder, Safari and Firefox.
• Copy screen. Cmd-Shift-3 – for the entire screen. Cmd-Shift-4 – Creates a border to copy the selected portion of the screen.
• Exit. Shift-Cmd-Q – exit will take place in 2 minutes. Shift-Option-Cmd-Q – exit immediately.
• Empty trash. Shift-Cmd-Delete.
• New window in Safari. Cmd-T.
• Help. Cmd-shift-?.
• CD loading. Press C and during startup (immediately after the melody) load a CD.
• Boot from another department. Option-Cmd-Shift-Delete – will begin booting until another partition is found, such as a CD or disk.
• Additional Information. Cmd-Option-I opens a window with additional information, which allows you to see and compare many files and folders in one window.
• Sleep mode, reboot and shutdown. Cmd-option-eject, Cmd-ctrl-eject, and Cmd-Option-ctrl-eject.
• Forced shutdown. Cmd-opt-Esc is basic, but very useful.
• Fast FTP protocol. Cmd-K will open a connection to the server.

MS Excel

• Edit cell. F2. This is probably the main key you need to know.
• Column selection. Ctrl-space.
• Row selection. Shift-Space.
• Monetary format. Ctrl+Shift+4 (more precisely, Ctrl+$).
• Percentage format. Ctrl+Shift+5 (more precisely, Ctrl+%).
• Back to the beginning. Ctrl-Home makes cell A1 active.
• Enter the current date. Ctrl-colon.
• Enter the current time. Ctrl is the division sign.
• Copy cells. Ctrl - double quotes will copy the top cells (no formatting).
• Cell format. Ctrl-1 will open the Format Cells window.
• Navigation. Ctrl-PageUp and Ctrl-PageDown.
• Multiple input. Ctrl-Enter, instead of just Enter, after entering data in one of several selected cells, will transfer the data to all other selected cells.

MS Word

• Default formatting. Ctrl-Space enables normal styling for the current selection and subsequent text entry.
• Spacing between paragraphs. Ctrl-0 (upper zero on the keyboard) adds or removes space before the current paragraph. Ctrl-1 (at the top of the keyboard) – single paragraph line spacing. Ctrl-2 (top of the keyboard) – double paragraph line spacing. Ctrl-5 (at the top of the keyboard) changes the line spacing to one and a half.
• Update date and time. Alt-Shift-D – make date updates. Alt-Shift-T – make time updates.

And what is it for?! You already know. Now we need to talk about the purpose of the keyboard keys. After all, the keyboard, figuratively speaking, is an intermediary between you and the computer, a tool for interacting with a smart assistant. By pressing keys, you send commands to the computer to execute.

Hence the conclusion: when you know the purpose and combinations of keys, working on a computer becomes easier and more enjoyable.

Key assignment:

— the service key stops or cancels the last action. For example, if a web page takes a long time to load, you can press ESC to stop loading.

F1—F12. reserved for specialized functions in programs. Therefore, the execution of the function in different programs may differ. For example, the F5 key in the Microsoft Word text editor performs the “Find and Replace” function, and in the Total Commander file manager the same key performs the “Copy” function. But we can say with confidence that the key F1 opens the file in all programs Reference.

Tab used to create indents ( Red line) in programs for working with texts. Also, if you are filling out tables or forms, you can use the Tab key to move to the next field.

— performs the function of changing case (CAPITAL LETTERS). When you press this key, the indicator above the numeric keypad lights up, further typing will be done in capital letters. Pressing this key again disables the " Capital letters", the indicator above the numeric keypad goes out.

Shift – Function keys are used in conjunction with other keys. As you can see, there are two shift keys on the keyboard, left and right. The purpose of these keys is absolutely the same, and their location on the keyboard is determined by ease of typing touch printing.

Now let me explain, say, when you are typing text and you need to put an exclamation mark, it is most convenient to hold down the shift key with the little finger of your right hand, and press key 1 with the little finger of your left hand. The shift key is also involved in many key combinations, for example, entering a capital letter, punctuation mark, performing specialized program functions, and so on.

Control (Ctrl), Alternate (Alt) — control keys are designed to work in combination with other keys. Typically, you hold down the Ctrl, Alt key and then press another key to execute a specific task. For example, in many programs, the combination Ctrl+S- will save the file.

The main part of the keyboard includes alphanumeric typing keys (letters and numbers) and space.

Enter– confirmation of the action. For example, while on the Internet, you can enter a website address and then press Enter to go to the site. It is also used to start a new line in text editors. Enter on the numeric keypad has the same purpose and is often used when performing mathematical calculations, say in a calculator application, to obtain a result.

– in a text editor, erases characters to the left of the cursor. And in the browser it allows you to return to the previous page.

Delete(Del) – in a text editor, erases characters to the right of the cursor. Performs the delete function in file managers.

— enable/disable the “insert-replace” mode. The key is practically not used, but it can play a cruel joke. If you accidentally press this key while working in a text editor, you will switch it from “insert” mode to “replace” mode. After that, if you make a mistake in a word, you will want to correct it. Having corrected the error, you will find that the symbol to the right of the cursor has disappeared! You try to enter it again, but the next character to the right of the cursor will disappear. This will happen until you press the insert key again. Not knowing about this key, some people, because of one typo, retyped the entire remaining text.

Cursor keys

Home - moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.

End— moves the cursor to the end of the current line.

Page Up/Page Down— page-by-page viewing of the document up or down.

Arrow keys are used for many different purposes, including move cursor, scrolling a document, or game control.

Auxiliary keys

Print Screen takes a screenshot - a so-called “screenshot”, which can be edited or saved using a graphics processing program (graphics editor).

Scroll Lock vertical scrolling, rarely used today.

Pause/Break performs the pause function, often used in combination with the Win key.

Win– serves to call the Start menu, and is also used in combination with other keys to call functions of the Windows operating system.

The key calls up a context menu (equivalent to pressing the right mouse button).

Enables/disables the numeric keypad. After switching on, the indicator lights up. When the numeric keypad is turned off, the keys perform the functions of the keys labeled on them.

Keyboard shortcuts

A key combination is when you hold down one or two keys and briefly press a third. For example, Ctrl+S, where the plus indicates a key combination. That is, you press and hold the Ctrl key, and then briefly press the S key. The plus in this entry serves to indicate a key combination and is not pressed in its execution.

When working with files and documents:

Ctrl+N– create a new file;

Ctrl+O– open the document;

Ctrl+A- select all;

Shift+Home– select the line to the left of the cursor;

Ctrl+End– select the line to the right of the cursor;

Ctrl+C– copy selected text or file to the clipboard;

Ctrl+X – cut selected text or file;

Ctrl+V– paste the contents of the clipboard;

Ctrl+Del– delete the word behind the cursor;

Ctrl+Backspace– delete the word before the cursor;

Ctrl+Home– move the cursor to the beginning of the document;

Ctrl+End– move the cursor to the end of the document;

Ctrl+Z– cancel the last action;

Ctrl+P- seal;

When working with a browser:

Ctrl+D– add a bookmark in the browser;

Ctrl + Shift + T– open a closed tab in the browser;

Ctrl+T– open a new tab;

Ctrl+L– highlight the contents of the address bar;

When working on Windows:

Ctrl + Shift + Esc– terminate frozen processes;

Shift+Ctrl+Alt– call the task manager;

Alt+Tab– quick transition between program windows;

Alt+F4– quickly close the window;

Alt + Print Screen– take a screenshot of the active window;

Win+Pause/Break– property of the system;

Win+E– open explorer;

Win+D– minimize all windows;

Win+F– search for files on your computer;

Win+L– change of user;

Win+F1- reference;

Win+Tab– switches windows in a circle.

And there are many such key combinations, and in different programs These combinations often differ from each other, but you will easily remember them if you work frequently with the software product.