In modern interior design, when creating creative solutions, the choice of doors is not the least important. It so happened that it was aluminum doors as front and entrance doors that conquered almost everyone quite a long time ago, as we can verify by simply looking around on the street, among shops, public buildings and other institutions.
This popularity is explained by the reliability, durability and variety of configurations of the appearance of structures. Design aluminum doors A rather complex and responsible system, failure to comply with the manufacture of which can lead to undesirable consequences.
Since the use of such doors began back in the days Soviet Union, they were standardized necessary documents, which are still used today in the production of doors.
In January 1989, the USSR State Construction Committee developed, approved and put into effect GOST, which applies to aluminum blocks"Doors from aluminum alloys"(GOST 23747-88). This documentation classifies aluminum doors according to various criteria and requires compliance technical requirements manufacturers.
Products from aluminum profile inherent in a number of advantages, which determines their wide application V public buildings and private construction. They are characterized by modern appearance, clear geometry, unchanged during active use, strength, resistance to external influences and climate influences.
Doors made of aluminum profiles are a separate class of enclosing structures. The current GOST provides for the use of doors in any climatic zone, these are the ones door blocks, for which there are no requirements for thermal insulation. However, aluminum structures are installed as entrance and interior doors, and can be thermally insulated to a certain extent.
The rigidity of the aluminum profile door design ensures its operation in different conditions, including increased severity. For example, such products are able to function perfectly in public spaces with high foot traffic, as they can withstand multiple cycles of opening and closing the door without rapid wear.
Types of doors used
Basic aluminum door systems approved in GOST 23747-88 must meet all design requirements. This standard may not be applicable to those products whose material of construction is not aluminum alloy.
Also doors are made of aluminum profile, but special purpose(fire resistance, smoke protection, tightness) are not subject to this GOST.
Interior aluminum doors are also suitable for offices and private homes. And these types of products differ more in fittings than profiles.
By opening method
Blocks made of aluminum alloys are conventionally divided into several types according to the type of construction. The most common option is swing doors. The principle of operation is to hang the doors on hinges, and they open and close using force.
Single- and double-leaf aluminum doors operate on the principle of traditional doors and are also opened using a door handle.
An equally popular type is sliding system aluminum profiles. Their job is to roll the sashes into different sides or their approach to each other.
A frequently used option for a door profile system, especially in areas with large crowds of people, is swing door. Its uniqueness lies in the ability of the doors to swing open in any direction.
By profile type
Due to their qualities, aluminum profile doors boast a unique combination of advantages. They are durable under heavy loads, environmentally friendly, compatible with any construction material, have low weight and good protective performance.
According to GOST 23747-88, doors made of aluminum alloys are made from two profiles, different in design - warm and cold. The first profile is named due to the addition to its design, a polymer insert (thermal bridge), which prevents freezing at low temperatures. This is ensured by a double seal along the entire contour of the sash, which prevents the penetration of cold air and moisture into the room.
Structures made from a cold profile are not equipped with such a thermal bridge, so it is worth considering that in this case, the door temperature, interior space will completely coincide with outside temperature. Such products will be ideally used in utility rooms and warehouses that do not require heating.
If the room has a vestibule, then the joint use of both cold and warm type– more than excellent constructive solution. The long service life and operation of such a system will recoup the high cost of aluminum door designs, along with plastic products.
Features and advantages of aluminum doors
Blocks made of aluminum alloys have not lost their popularity among consumers for many years, which is quite obvious due to a number of their advantages:
- Aesthetics in everything. Despite some large-sized designs, due to narrow profiles it is possible to ensure the maximum area of light openings.
- The guaranteed long service life of aluminum products significantly exceeds the service life of wooden and plastic analogues.
- Aluminum door blocks are able to absorb and withstand heavy loads and intensive use.
- Fire safety and resistance to open fire, the structure does not ignite or explode.
- Aluminum blocks do not need special care, which greatly simplifies the operation process.
- Products made of aluminum alloys do not pollute environment and do not harm human health.
- Due to special surface coatings, aluminum door blocks are not subject to corrosion and aggressive environments.
- Weight aluminum structures, surprisingly, is relatively small compared to wooden or metal-plastic products.
- The surface of aluminum blocks can be painted with paints and varnishes in any color and texture.
Technical requirements for products
Door products are manufactured according to the requirements current GOST, which since 1995 has been checked, supplemented and republished every 5 years.
Also, during production, you should be guided by the regulatory and technical documentation for a specific type of door and working drawings.
Characteristics
Required condition during production and operation, is to cover all structural parts with a paint and varnish solution. This coating plays a protective and decorative role. The coating cannot be applied to the product in an assembled state, which is contrary to the standards.
Fully glazed units not equipped with automatic opening, which are installed in in public places with high traffic (stations, airports, metro, etc.) should be equipped with grilles to protect the glazing from mechanical and force damage. The structural structure of the product should, by default, exclude all chances of arbitrary removal of the canvas and locking locks.
Materials and other components
Door blocks, or rather their frames, according to the standards, are made of extruded aluminum profiles, regulated by GOST 22233-83. Parts and other elements for fastening (bolts, screws, nuts, washers) of blocks made of carbon steel are coated with a cadmium or zinc based product.
Translucent frame filler door leaf is a glass or double glazed unit that is manufactured in compliance with all requirements. The minimum required thickness of glass and double-glazed windows is 5-6 and 15-28 mm, respectively.
Aluminum sheets and extruded profiles are used as opaque filler for the frame. If necessary, it is possible to use other materials with a thickness of 5-6 mm. Sealing gaskets are made of frost-resistant rubber or plastic.
Completeness and operation
During delivery, the door assembly may be dismountable, that is, devices, parts and fixing elements may not be mounted into the structure, but supplied separately as part of the product. On back side products, the manufacturer's mark, brand, production date and stamp are applied.
For normal use, finished goods should be stored in a room with proper ventilation wooden pallets, and between the products that are stacked there are wooden spacers. In places where structural elements adjoin brick, concrete or a plastered surface, the parts must be coated with an anti-corrosion agent.
Finally
It is worth mentioning that today, each enterprise or plant for the production of aluminum doors is guided by its own developed technical instructions, to a greater or lesser extent, based on the documentation of GOST 22233-83.
However, when purchasing these products, do not doubt their high quality, wear resistance and aesthetics. They meet all quality standards and will last for many years.
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INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION
INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION. METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION
INTERSTATE
STANDARD
DOOR BLOCKS FROM ALUMINUM ALLOYS
General technical conditions
(EN 14351-1:2006, NEQ)
(EN 1191:2012, NEQ)
(EN 1192:1999, NEQ)
Official publication
Standardinform
Preface
The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0 - 92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation"
Standard information
1 DEVELOPED by a private institution - Center for Certification of Window and Door Technology<ЦС ОДТ)
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 “Construction”
3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (protocol dated December 5, 2014 No. 46-2014)
4 By Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated December 12, 2014 N9 2037-st, the interstate standard GOST 23747-2014 was put into effect as a national standard of the Russian Federation on July 1, 2015
5 This standard takes into account the main regulations of the following European regional standards:
EN 14351-1:2006+A1:2010 Windows and doors. Product standard, performance characteristics -Windows and external pedestrian doorsets without resistance to fire and/or smoke leakage characteristics
EN 1191:2012 Windows and doors - Resistance to repeated opening and closing - Testmethod
EN 1192:1999 Doors - Classification of strength requirements
Translation from English (ep).
Level of conformity - nonequivalent (NEQ)
Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index “National Standards”. and the text of changes and amendments is in the monthly information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, information and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet
© Standardinform, 2015
In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without permission from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
Door blocks with swing opening for complex filling of the leaf
Support pads:
Distance pads:
Door hinge
Figure 1 - Layout diagrams of support and spacer pads during installation of double-glazed windows and possible options for the location of hinges
4.7 Requirements for door devices
4.7.1 When manufacturing door blocks, door devices and hinges are used that are specially designed for use in door systems made of aluminum profiles.
Type. the number, location and method of fastening of locking devices and hinges are established in the working documentation, taking into account the size and weight of the opening elements of door blocks, as well as their operating conditions. Possible options for the location of hinges are shown in Figure 1. It is recommended to hang door leafs on two hinges. It is recommended to equip external door blocks with multi-point locks with locking at least at three points.
Note - The use of more than two hinges should be recommended by the hinge manufacturers, and a third hinge should not be installed in the lock area.
When using hidden hinges in entrance doors to buildings, it is necessary to carry out additional tests to determine the heat transfer resistance to prevent freezing in the hinge area.
4.7.2 It is recommended to equip external and entrance door blocks with locks of at least class 3 according to GOST 5089. Burglary-resistant door blocks must be equipped with burglar-resistant locking devices in accordance with GOST 31462. 4th class locks according to GOST 5089.
Depending on the purpose of the door blocks, in the design documentation, as well as when placing orders, it is necessary to provide for the complete set of products with closers (door closing devices), opening angle limiters (stops), eyes, etc.
4.7.3 It is recommended to use hinges adjustable in three planes on external and entrance door blocks to the apartment.
4.7.4 Locking devices must ensure reliable locking of opening elements of door blocks. Opening and closing should occur easily, smoothly, without jamming.
4.7.5 The designs of locking devices and hinges must ensure tight and uniform compression of the gaskets throughout the entire sealing contour in the recesses.
4.7.6 Door devices, hinges and fasteners must comply with the requirements of GOST 538 and have a protective and decorative (or protective) coating in accordance with regulatory documents. To complete door blocks of groups A and B, the coating of the devices must be resistant to corrosion and comply with GOST 538.
4.8 Completeness, marking and packaging
4.8.1 The completeness of door blocks when delivered to the consumer must comply
INTERSTATE STANDARD
DOOR BLOCKS FROM ALUMINUM ALLOYS Technical specifications
Door blocks of aluminum profiles. Specifications
Date of introduction - 2015-07-01
1 area of use
This standard applies to door blocks made of aluminum profiles with frame construction leaves (hereinafter referred to as door blocks) for buildings and structures for various purposes.
The scope of application of specific types of door blocks is established depending on operating conditions in accordance with current building codes and regulations, taking into account the requirements of this standard.
This standard does not apply to balcony door units, as well as to special-purpose door units in terms of additional fire safety requirements, etc. This standard can be used for product certification purposes.
2 Normative references
This standard contains regulatory references to the following interstate standards:
3.1.4 Based on the type of profile finishing (Ne 4), door blocks are divided into door blocks:
Painted with paint and varnish or powder enamels;
With anodic-oxide protective and decorative coatings;
3.1.5 According to the method of opening (Mi 5), door blocks are divided into:
For swing ones;
Pendulum (carousel with rotation around its own axis);
Sliding;
Foldable.
3.2 The following designations are used for door blocks;
Product purpose:
DAN - external door block made of aluminum profiles (group A).
DAV - internal door block made of aluminum profiles (group B);
Type of door leaf filling:
G - deaf,
O - glazed.
Km - combined;
Design options:
P - with a threshold,
Blr - no threshold.
F - with transom,
Op - single-sex.
DV - double-field.
Dvz - burglar-resistant.
L - left opening,
Pr - right opening;
Door opening methods:
R - swing.
Ma - pendulum,
Rz-sliding,
Sk - folding.
Note - It is allowed to additionally enter a letter designation after the designation of the door block for its intended purpose, specifying their purpose: K - apartment (for entering the apartment), T - vestibule.
U - reinforced, etc.
3.3 The symbol for door blocks must include dimensions of height and width in millimeters.
Note - It is allowed to enter the size of the box width in millimeters in the size designation.
3.4 For door blocks, the following symbol structure is adopted.
An example of a symbol for an external door block made of an aluminum profile, combined, single-leaf, right-hand design, without threshold, hinged, height 2100 mm, width 900 mm:
The symbol for door blocks can be supplemented with data on strength classes for resistance to dynamic and other loads.
When drawing up a contract (order) for the manufacture (supply) of individual products, it is recommended to indicate a design solution option, including a description of the design of the profiles and filling of the door leaf, a drawing indicating the opening pattern, type of door devices, as well as requirements for appearance and other requirements as agreed by the manufacturer with the customer.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Door blocks must comply with the requirements of this standard, sample
standard and manufactured according to the design and technological documentation of the manufacturer.
4.2 Design requirements
4.2.1 Door blocks are a single structure of frame elements assembled from aluminum profiles in accordance with GOST 22233 on corner fasteners using screw connections or two-component glue with subsequent lamination. It is possible to use a combined fastening method or other methods of assembling corner joints that meet the strength requirements given in Table 3.
The design of door blocks can be with or without a threshold. The thresholds have a continuous contour in the lower horizontal section and are secured using mechanical connections.
4.2.2 Thresholds are made of aluminum profiles with a corrosion-resistant coating and drainage holes for water drainage.
4.2.3 The height of the threshold should not be an obstacle to barrier-free passage. The recommended threshold height is no more than 20 mm.
4.2.4 Door blocks installed on evacuation routes can be single- or double-leaf, hinged, with mandatory opening during evacuation.
For unhindered exit from buildings and premises, door blocks must be equipped with emergency door opening devices “Aitipanika” in accordance with GOST 31471. It is not recommended to equip door blocks for escape routes with thresholds.
4.2.5 Sliding and folding door units can be internal group B and external group A (for example, in private housing construction as doors to winter gardens, terraces and other architectural solutions). Group A pendulum door blocks are recommended for installation as entrances to buildings with high traffic volumes. These designs of door blocks can be completely glazed or with a blank opaque part. Sliding and folding functions of door blocks are provided by corresponding devices in accordance with GOST 30777.
4.2.6 Door units of group A can be made in a burglar-resistant version using a multi-point burglary-resistant locking system with class 4 locks in accordance with GOST 5089.
4.2.7 The design of external door blocks must include a system of functional openings for draining the cavity between the edges of the glass unit (panel) and the folds of the profiles.
4.2.8 Door units must be safe to operate and maintain. The safety conditions for using products of various designs are established in the design documentation (for example, door blocks used in children's institutions must be glazed with tempered, laminated or other types of safety glass).
Door units of group A must be designed for operational loads in accordance with the current set of rules.
4.2.9 Installation of products should be carried out taking into account the requirements of GOST 30971.
General requirements for installation of products are given in Appendix A.
4.3 Distances and line deviations
4.3.1 The nominal overall dimensions and architectural drawings of door blocks are established in the design working documentation (order, contract).
The nominal dimensions of product units, profile sections, profile combinations are established in the technical documentation for their manufacture.
4.3.2 Recommended door leaf dimensions for a width of 900 mm. height 2300 mm. The weight of door blocks should not exceed 120 kg. The use of products with fabrics of greater mass and size should be confirmed by strength calculations. The largest dimensions of the door leafs, depending on the moment of resistance of the profile sections, the opening pattern, the types of hinges used, the calculated wind loads (for doors of group A), and the masses of the glazing elements must be given in the design documentation of the manufacturer.
4.3.3 Maximum deviations of the nominal overall dimensions of door blocks should not exceed +2.0; -1.0 mm
4.3.4 Maximum deviations of the nominal dimensions of the elements of door blocks, gaps under the overlap, dimensions of the location of door devices and hinges must not exceed the values given in Table 1.
Table 1 - Limit deviations In millimeters
Notes:
1 The maximum deviation values are set for the measurement temperature range of 16 "C-24" C.
2 The values of the maximum deviations of the dimensions of the gaps under the overlap are given for closed panels with installed sealing gaskets.
The difference in the lengths of the diagonals of rectangular panels with an area of 1.5 m’ or less should not exceed 2.0 mm. area over 1.5 m‘ - 3.0 mm.
4.3.5 The difference in the front surfaces in corner and T-shaped joints of adjacent parts of boxes and canvases should not exceed 1.0 mm. Gaps at corner and T-shaped joints of profiles should not exceed 0.5 mm.
4.3.6 The sagging of the door leaf in the assembled door block with a threshold should not exceed 1.5 mm per height of the door block leaf.
4.3.7 The maximum deviation of the nominal size of the distance between overlaps of adjacent closed curtains (leaves and transoms) should not exceed 1.5 mm per 1 m of the length of the vestibule.
4.3.8 The maximum deviation from straightness of the edges of parts of frame elements should not exceed 1.0 mm per 1 m of the length of the profile used
4.4 Characteristics
4.4.1 The main operational characteristics of door blocks are given in Table 2.
Table 2 - Operational characteristics of door blocks
|
Indicator name |
Meaning |
Note |
|
indicator | ||
|
The reduced heat transfer resistance of door leaf panels made of combined and insulated profiles is m g -*C/W. no less |
For groups A. B |
|
|
Soundproofing. dBA. no less | ||
|
Air permeability at DR = 100 Pa. m’/(h m:). no more |
For group A |
|
|
Reliability, opening-closing cycles, not less: - for swing blocks |
For group A |
|
|
Pendulum (revolving) door blocks | ||
|
Door blocks of group B. no less | ||
|
Entrance to premises inside buildings, including entrances to apartments and offices |
For group B |
|
|
Interior swing doors | ||
|
Sliding | ||
|
Folding | ||
|
Notes: | ||
|
1 The values of the reduced heat transfer resistance are for reference. If necessary, this indicator is confirmed by calculations or laboratory tests. For door blocks made of hollow |
||
|
profiles, the heat transfer resistance may not be determined. 2 For external door blocks, the water permeability indicator can be set |
||
|
water resistance limit according to GOST 26602.2. | ||
4.4.2 For door blocks of group A, resistance to wind loads is established in accordance with (1J.
The wind load should include the following parameters:
Pressure change from 400 to 1800 Pa;
Changing the deflection of the bars from 1/150 to 1/300 of the length of the bar.
4.4.3 Door blocks must be resistant to static loads. Static loads and strength of welded corner joints when tested according to scheme A (see Figure 2) are given in Table 3.
When tested according to scheme B, welded corner joints must withstand a load doubled.
Table 3 - Strength of welded corner joints and static loads
4.4.4 Door blocks must withstand operational dynamic loads when opening (simulating an impact on a slope) and when closing with an impact on a foreign object in the ledge, created by a freely falling load (solid body), given in Table 4.
Table4 - Dynamic loads created by a freely falling load
4.4.5 Door blocks, when determining the strength (reliability) of fastening the structure in the openings and fastening (fixing) the filling of the leaf, must withstand impact loads created by the load (inelastic soft body), given in Table 5. Door leaves are tested on both sides.
Table 5 - Impact loads created by a load (inelastic soft body)
4.4.6 When determining the resistance of the structure and door leaf material to penetration, door blocks must withstand impact loads created by the load (solid body) given in Table 6.
Table 6 - Impact loads created by a load (solid body)
4.4.7 The static load acting on the movement elements (rollers, rollers, hinges, etc.) of sliding doors must be no more than 1000 N.
4.4.8 The static load acting on the upper corner (90°) of the folded leaves of folding door units must be no more than 1000 N.
4.4.9 Burglar-resistant door blocks of groups A and B must withstand static loads in the plane of the leaf of at least 1300 N and loads from an impact with an inelastic soft body of at least 250 J.
4.4.10 It is recommended to establish the performance indicators of door units for a specific purpose in the design working documentation for the construction (reconstruction, repair) of buildings and confirm them with test results in testing centers accredited to carry them out.
4.4.11 The force applied to the door leaf of groups A and B when closing until the required compression of the sealing gaskets should not exceed 75 N. The force required to open the door leaf should not exceed 50 N (ergonomic requirements).
Note - When assessing the opening and closing forces, it should be borne in mind that when testing doors of group A, factors such as the difference in air pressure between rooms or sudden wind loads, as well as the presence of built-in locking devices and door closing devices (closers) were not taken into account. These factors can lead to higher opening and closing loads. It is also necessary to take into account that for door blocks intended for the passage of people with disabilities, the opening force should be no more than 2.5 N.
4.4.12 The appearance of door blocks: color, gloss, permissible surface defects of aluminum profiles (risks, scratches, shrinkage cavities, etc.) must correspond to standard samples approved by the head of the manufacturer.
Differences in color, gloss and surface defects visible to the naked eye from a distance of 0.6-0.8 m under illumination of at least 300 lux are not allowed.
4.4.13 Materials and components used for the manufacture of door blocks must comply with the requirements of standards, technical specifications, and technical certificates approved in the prescribed manner.
4.5 Requirements for aluminum profiles
4.5.1 For the manufacture of products, profiles made of aluminum alloys are used in accordance with GOST 22233.
According to the type of section, aluminum profiles can be solid, hollow, combined
and filled with foam materials.
4.5.2 Thermal insulation inserts used in combined profiles must be made of glass-filled polyamide in accordance with GOST 31014.
Thermal insulation inserts can be filled with rigid foam plastics (for example, polyurethane foam) or other thermal insulation materials.
4.5.3 The connection of the thermal insulation insert with the aluminum profile must be strong, resistant to climatic influences and comply with GOST 22233.
4.5.4 Door blocks (including those entering buildings) intended for use in heated rooms must be made of combined profiles. The durability of combined profiles must be at least 40 conventional years.
4.5.5 The thickness of the anodic oxide coating layer must be at least 20 microns, and the polymer paint and varnish layer must be at least 60 microns.
4.5.6 The appearance of the coating must comply with GOST 9.301.
4.6 Requirements for filling door panels and sealing gaskets
4.6.1 It is recommended to make the opaque filling of door block panels (panels) from three-layer panels consisting of plastic or aluminum facing sheets filled with insulation or single-layer panels of rigid foamed polyvinyl chloride. The thickness of the facing sheets must be at least 15 mm
It is allowed to use sheet, roll or tile facing materials as panels for interior door blocks.
4.6.2 Design solutions for fastening parts of filling parts of locking door leaves must exclude the possibility of their dismantling from the outside.
4.6.3 It is recommended to use the following types of strengthened glass as a translucent filling of canvases: tempered glass in accordance with GOST 30698, laminated glass in accordance with GOST 30826. reinforced glass and glass with anti-fragmentation films in accordance with regulatory documents, double-glazed windows in accordance with GOST 24866. sheet glass according to GOST 111. as well as special types of glass according to regulatory documents (patterned, tinted, etc.).
The types of glass used should be specified in the working documentation for the construction (reconstruction, repair) of buildings and structures. Use of non-strengthened glass with height dimensions greater than 1250 mm. a width of more than 650 mm and a thickness of less than 4 mm is not allowed.
4.6.4 To increase architectural expressiveness and strengthen the structure, frames are installed in the door leaf frames. It is allowed to use double-glazed windows with an internal decorative frame or install glued decorative layouts on the outer surfaces of the filling of the canvases.
4.6.5 The depth of pinching of a double glazed unit (glass) or panel in the folds of profiles, as well as the depth of pinching with glazing beads, is recommended within 14-18 mm.
4.6.6 Double-glazed windows (glass) are installed in the rebate of the sash or frame on pads that prevent the edges of the double-glazed window (glass) from touching the internal surfaces of the profile folds.
Depending on the functional purpose, the linings are divided into basic, supporting
and remote.
Base shims are used to level the rebate bevels and are installed under the support and spacer shims. The width of the base pads must be equal to the width of the rebate, and the length must be no less than the length of the support and spacer pads. Support and spacer pads can combine the functions of basic pads.
Support pads are used to ensure optimal conditions for transferring the mass of the glass unit to the door block structure, spacer pads are used to ensure the nominal dimensions of the gap between the edge of the glass unit and the fold of the sash.
The length of the support and spacer pads should be from 80 to 100 mm. width - at least 2 mm greater than the thickness of the glass unit.
The distance from the pads to the corners should be 50-80 mm.
Requirements for the installation of opaque filling of panels (panels) are established in the manufacturer’s technical documentation, taking into account the weight and design of the door block.
4.6.7 Linings are made of rigid weather-resistant polymer materials. The recommended hardness value of the support pads is 75-90 units. according to Shore A.
4.6.8 Installation methods and (or) design of the linings must exclude the possibility of their displacement during transportation and operation of door blocks.
4.6.9 The design of the linings should not impede air circulation over the inner surface of the glazing rebate.
4.6.10 The basic layout of support and spacer pads when installing double-glazed windows, depending on the method of opening the door blocks, is shown in Figure 1. It is recommended to install no more than two support pads on any side of the glass unit. Distortion of the pads during installation is not allowed. In products with reinforced locking devices, it is recommended to install additional spacers in the locking areas.
4.6.11 Sealing of the door panels and installation of filling of the panels is carried out using sealing gaskets made of elastomeric materials in accordance with GOST 30778 or other regulatory documents.
4.6.12 Sealing gaskets for external door blocks must be resistant to climatic and atmospheric influences.
4.6.13 The fit of the sealing gaskets must be tight, preventing the penetration of water.
4.6.14 The number of contours of sealing gaskets in the rebates of door blocks and the requirements for their installation along the perimeter of the rebate are established in the manufacturer’s technical documentation, depending on the purpose and design of the door blocks. For door blocks of groups A and B, at least two sealing circuits are recommended.
Corner bends and welded joints of sealing gaskets for double-glazed units (glasses) should not have protrusions (bulges) that cause concentrated loads on the double-glazed units (glasses).
Door block with swing opening
Non-opening element of the door block
LLC "TECHNOCOM L.T.D."
"Agreed" Department of standardization, technical regulation and certification of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation letter from “17” 10 1997 No. 13-653 "I affirm" General Director of Tekhnokom L.T.D. LLC___________ V.V. Kovalev"20" 10 1997windows and doors made of aluminum alloys
Specifications
TU 5270-001-44991977-97
Introduced for the first time
Valid from 01.11.1997
Valid until 01/01/2000
"Developed"
Leading editor of the IPC “Publishing Standards”___________ V.I. Ogurtsov"01" October 1997 Chief engineer of Tekhnokom L.T.D. LLC ___________ A.V. Khomichenko " " ______ 1997
Moscow, 1997
GOSSTANDARD OF RUSSIAIVNIIstandartRegistered on 10.21.97 Included in the Register for
№ 200/016333
STATE COMMITTEE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR HOUSING AND CONSTRUCTION POLICY
GOSSTROY OF RUSSIA
117987, GSP-1, Moscow, st. Stroiteley, 8, bldg. 2 17.10.97 № 13-653 At no. fAks from 10/16/97 General Director of Tekhnokom L.T.D. LLC V.V. Kovalev, the Department of Standardization, Technical Standards and Certification reviewed the TU 5270-001-44991977-97 “Windows and doors made of aluminum alloys” submitted for certification purposes and coordinates them with a validity period of 01.01.2000. Deputy Head of the Technical Standards Department V.V. Chepurkin Shvedov N.V. 930-24-04 These technical specifications apply to windows, doors and stained-glass windows (hereinafter referred to as products) made of aluminum profile elements produced by Technocom L.T.D. LLC (INDINVEST system, Italy), used in buildings erected according to standard or individual projects, and manufactured by the enterprise. The scope of application of products is established by the customer (consumer) depending on operating conditions and performance standards in accordance with current building codes and regulations, taking into account the requirements of these technical conditions and the manufacturer’s recommendations. These technical conditions do not apply for products operating as load-bearing building structures. These technical conditions can be applied for certification of products in the GOST R Certification System in construction. Symbol (brand) of productsX XX X - X X/X X Product type: O - window; B - balcony door; D - door; B - stained glass; Product material: A - aluminum alloy "T" - index of the manufacturer Modular size in height, dm Modular size in width, dm Order number / product number in the order Designation of these specifications Example of a symbol: Window made of aluminum alloys, manufactured by Technocom LLC L.T.D.” height 1620 mm, width 1580 mm, by order 17, order item 5, manufactured according to these technical specifications should be designated: OA "T" 16-16 17/5 TU 5270-001-97
1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1. Products must comply with the requirements of these technical conditions and be manufactured according to the technological regulations of the manufacturer, standard catalogs-programs of the INDINVEST system and working drawings approved by the head of the enterprise. The requirements of these technical conditions meet or exceed the requirements of GOST 21519-84 and GOST 23747-88.1. 2. The products consist of frame elements made of aluminum profiles, connected by corner fasteners using screw connections and crimping of embedded elements. The design of the products provides for swing, hanging, tilting and tilt-and-turn opening of the casement elements. Examples of product design diagrams are given in the Appendix. By agreement with the consumer, it is possible to use other product opening systems. For glazing windows and balcony doors, single and double-glazed windows of various designs are used. Profile elements of external products to increase thermal resistance must have a three-chamber design with thermal insulating breaks (thermal liners ). See fig. 1-4.1.3. Product classification is accepted according to GOST 21519-84. 1.4. Main Dimensions 1.4.1. Overall dimensions and architectural design of products are established in the order (project) for the manufacture of products. The nominal dimensions of products and their elements, as well as other required dimensions, are indicated in the operating diagrams for each specific product in accordance with the technical documentation of the INDINVEST system. Nominal dimensions of profile sections must correspond to the dimensions established in standard catalogues-programs. The maximum overall dimensions of window sashes and door leaves are established in accordance with technical documentation, taking into account operational loads and the requirements of building codes and regulations. 1.4.2. Maximum deviations from the nominal overall dimensions of products should not exceed +2.0 mm. 1.4.3. The maximum deviations from the nominal mating dimensions of frames and sashes (leaves) in length and width, the size of the gaps in the rebates under the overlay, as well as the difference in the lengths of the diagonals of the sashes (leaves) should not exceed the values established in the table. 1.Table 1
|
Value of maximum deviations of dimensions |
||||
|
Nominal size in size range |
Internal box size |
External dimensions of the sashes |
Diagonal length difference |
Gap in the narthex under the overlay |
|
from 500 to 1000 |
||||
|
from 1000 to 2000 |
||||
table 2
1.4.5. Permissible maximum deviations from the nominal cross-sectional dimensions of profile elements are given in table. 3.Table 3
|
Name of controlled size |
Gradation of nominal sizes |
Value of maximum deviations |
|
| Width, height of section of profiles of shutters (frames) | |||
| Thickness of the outer wall of the profiles of sashes and frames | |||
| The size of the groove width for sealing gaskets and glazing beads | |||
| Other sizes |
Table 4
1.5. Characteristics 1.5.1. The main operational characteristics of the products are given in table. 5 .Table 5
|
The name of indicators |
Units |
Indicator value, not less |
|
| Reduced heat transfer resistance: |
sq.m °C/W |
||
| with single-chamber double-glazed windows; | |||
| with single-chamber double-glazed windows with heat-reflecting coating; | |||
| with double-glazed windows; | |||
| with double-glazed windows with heat-reflecting coating; | |||
| Soundproofing | |||
| Total light transmittance (reference value) | |||
| Air permeability at D Po=10 Pa |
kg/sq.m × h |
no more than 5.1 |
|
| Reliability |
opening-closing cycles |
40000 (for windows) 100000 (for doors) 300000 (for doors of high traffic areas) |
|
| Strength of corner joints (reference value) | |||
| Tightness of double-glazed windows (dew point) |
no higher than -45 |
||
| Durability of double-glazed windows |
conditional years |
2. SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Products must have safety documents (certificates) provided for by current legislation and executed in the prescribed manner.2.2. The applicability of products in building structures with increased (special) requirements for fire hazard, environmental aggressiveness and impact resistance is confirmed by the conclusion of the relevant authorities in the prescribed manner.2.3. Safety requirements, environmental protection, as well as the procedure for their control must be established in the set of documentation for the production of products in accordance with the current technical documentation, building codes and regulations, as well as sanitary standards, methods and other documents approved by health authorities.2.4. External products must withstand wind loads in accordance with SNiP 2.01.07-85. Calculation of products for loads should be made taking into account the recommendations of profile supplier companies.3. ACCEPTANCE RULES
3.1. Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer for compliance with the requirements of these technical conditions, as well as the conditions specified in the contract (order) for the manufacture and supply of products.3.2. Confirmation of acceptance of products by technical control of the manufacturer is the marking of products and the issuance of a warranty card or other quality document. 3.3. The consumer has the right to carry out a control check (acceptance) of the quality of products, observing the acceptance rules set out in this section. Confirmation of the consumer's acceptance of finished products is the consumer's signature on a document confirming the fact of acceptance of the products. By agreement of the parties, acceptance of products by the consumer can be carried out at the manufacturer's warehouse, at the consumer's warehouse or in another place specified in the supply agreement. 3.4. At the consumer's request, the manufacturer must provide the consumer with the results of certification tests of products.3.5. If hidden defects are discovered that lead to a violation of the operational characteristics of the product during the warranty period, the consumer has the right to demand replacement or repair of defective products at the expense of the manufacturer or apply penalties to the manufacturer in the prescribed manner. 3.6. The quality requirements for finished products established in these specifications are confirmed by acceptance tests. When accepting finished products, products are accepted piece by piece, using the continuous control method. Products that do not pass acceptance tests in at least one indicator are rejected. During acceptance tests control the requirements established in the following paragraphs of these technical specifications - 1.4.2; 1.4.3; 1.5.4 - 1.5.7; 1.5.14.3.7. Periodic tests carried out by the technological service (or laboratory) of the manufacturer's enterprise are carried out once per shift, as control tests confirming the stability of the technological process. At the same time, the following indicators are monitored: - maximum deviations from nominal dimensions; - appearance of products; - tightness of sealing gaskets. ;- indicators monitored during acceptance tests (clause 3.6). Deviations from the flatness of frame elements are monitored when technologically necessary, as well as at the request of external regulatory authorities. If periodic tests for any indicator have a negative result, control and subsequent batches products are subjected (to this indicator) to continuous control. If the result of continuous monitoring is positive, they return to periodic testing. 3.8. Requirements established in clauses: 1.5.1 - 1.5.19; are confirmed by the results of acceptance tests when putting products into production, certification tests of products, as well as when making changes to the design of products or their manufacturing technology.3.9. Testing of doors for burglary resistance is carried out at the request of the consumer.3.10. The procedure for conducting incoming inspection is established in the technological regulations. 3.11. If the manufacturer completes the products with double-glazed windows of its own manufacture, the double-glazed windows must be tested for durability (type tests), undergo acceptance tests established in GOST 24866-89, and periodic tests in accordance with these TU.3.12. In the case of using profiles and double-glazed windows certified in the GOST R Certification System, the procedure and scope of quality control is established in the technological regulations by the manufacturer of windows (doors). 3.13. A batch is considered to be the number of products shipped for a specific order, documented in one quality document (warranty card). The order number for a product must reflect the specific type of product, its design and other requirements established in the project, order or specification and agreed with the customer. At the same time, the glazing option, the type of profile, the option of pairing the opening elements, the right or left version, the type (scheme) of opening, the availability of fittings, requirements for appearance and other information at the request of the consumer (customer) are established. 3.14. Each batch of products (or product) is accompanied by a quality document (passport, warranty card) confirming the compliance of the quality of the products with the requirements of these technical specifications. The quality document indicates: - the name of the manufacturer, its address; - the number of these technical specifications; - the number order (contract) for the manufacture of products; - product numbers and their quantity by order items; - brief description of the design of the products; - date of dispatch; - signature of the responsible person. 3.15. When accepting mass-produced standard products at a manufacturing enterprise, the number of products of the same brand produced within one shift is taken as a batch, and in the case of manufacturing products to individual order - the number of products for this order, but not more than 50 units. 3.16. For product acceptance, it is recommended to use the quality control plans established in Table 6. At the same time, significant and critical defects include: loss of any of the functional characteristics of windows (for example, broken glass, loss of tightness of a double-glazed window, inability to close, broken fittings); defects that impede the functioning of windows (for example, a crack in a weld, an irreparable closure defect), irreparable damage to the profile, exceeding dimensional tolerances by more than 1.5 allowed by this standard. Minor defects include removable defects: not adjusted devices and hinges, minor surface damage , exceeding dimensional tolerances by less than 1.5 times the norms of this standard. For batches with a volume of less than 51 pcs. Single-stage quality control is used, and for batches with a volume of over 50 - two-stage. When checking, the integrity and completeness of products is monitored, as well as the requirements confirmed by acceptance tests of finished products. The second stage of control is started if the number of rejected products is at stage 1 control is between the rejection and acceptance numbers.Table 6
|
Batch size |
Sample size |
Rejection number for 1st stage |
Acceptance number for 1st stage |
Rejection number for 2nd stage |
Acceptance number for 2nd stage |
||||
|
complete control |
|||||||||
|
complete control |
|||||||||
4. CONTROL METHODS
4.1. Control methods during acceptance tests. 4.1.1. Maximum deviations from nominal dimensions are determined using a metal measuring tape in accordance with GOST 502-89, calipers in accordance with GOST 166-84 and limit calibers. 4.1.2. Maximum deviations from the nominal dimensions of gaps in rebates and gaps in corner joints are checked using a set of feeler gauges in accordance with TU 2-034-225-87.4.1.3. The size of the distance between the overlaps of closed valves and the sagging of opening elements is checked with a caliper. The sag in the mating of adjacent parts is determined with a feeler gauge as the distance from the edge of a metal ruler in accordance with GOST 427-75, attached to the upper mating surface, to the lower surface. 4.1.4. The quality of the finishing and protective-decorative coating is checked visually by comparison with a standard sample approved by the head of the manufacturer. Defects in the coating that are visible to the naked eye from a distance of 1 m at an illumination of 300 lux are not allowed. 4.1.5. The presence and location of holes for water drainage, fittings, linings, fasteners and other parts are checked visually. 4.1.6. The reliability of the operation of the fittings is checked by opening and closing the sash elements and locking devices five times.4.1.7. The tightness of double-glazed windows is determined once per shift by immersing them in a container with water and loading them with a load weighing 16 kg for 4 hours. After testing for 2 hours, the double-glazed window is turned over and the other side is loaded. Tests are carried out on two samples. Water temperature 18 - 22 °C. The test diagram is shown in Fig. 5. The tightness of the double-glazed window is checked by the absence of air bubbles during the test and the presence of moisture inside the double-glazed window after the end of the test. If at least one of the double-glazed windows does not pass the test, the replacement output of the double-glazed windows is subject to piece-by-piece grading. 4.2. Methods of control during periodic laboratory tests.4.2.1. The procedure for conducting control laboratory tests during incoming inspection of component materials and products is established in the technological regulations. 4.2.2. Maximum deviations from the nominal dimensions of assembly elements and the difference in diagonals are checked with a metal tape measure. Deviation from straightness and flatness of doors, frames, profiles is determined by applying these elements to the reference surface and measuring the largest gap between the reference surface and the surface of the test sample. 4.2.3. To determine the tightness of the sealing gaskets in the recesses, a coloring substance (for example, colored chalk) is applied to the gaskets. The opening elements of the products are tightly closed. After opening the products, the continuity of the trace left is checked. If there is at least one interruption in the trace, the test result is considered unsatisfactory. Tests are carried out on two samples of products at least once per shift. 4.2.4. Acceptance and periodic control laboratory tests are recorded in audit logs.4.3. Control methods during type tests. 4.3.1. The heat transfer resistance of the product is determined according to GOST 26602-85.4.3.2. The air permeation resistance of products is determined according to GOST 25891-83.4.3.3. The level of sound noise reduction is determined according to GOST 25891-83.4.3.4. The overall coefficient of light transmittance is determined using methods approved in accordance with the established procedure. 4.3.5. The reliability of products and resistance to static loads are determined according to GOST 23747-88.4.3.6. Determination of the tightness of double-glazed windows and the dew point inside the double-glazed windows is carried out according to GOST 24866-89.4.3.7. The durability of double-glazed windows and sealing gaskets, as well as quality indicators of devices and hinges, are determined according to methods approved by the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation.4.3.8. The strength of corner joints is determined according to GOST 23166-78.5. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
5.1. Products are transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules of cargo transportation in force for this type of transport.5.2. When transporting products by rail, the direction of the glazing must coincide with the direction of movement of the vehicle.5.3. Products must be stored in covered, dry rooms in a vertical position at an angle of 10 - 15 ° C on wooden pads, sorted by type and size. Gaskets of the same thickness must be laid between the products. 5.4. The conditions of storage, transportation, as well as loading and unloading of products must ensure their complete safety.6. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Operation of the products is in accordance with the requirements of the installation and operating instructions.7. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY
The manufacturer guarantees that the products comply with the requirements of these technical specifications provided that the consumer complies with the conditions of transportation, storage, installation and operation of the products. The warranty period for the products is 3 years from the date of shipment of the products by the manufacturer.
Measuring permanent deformation using a test square
Option for fastening the sample using a bolted connection through pre-drilled holes in the sample
Scheme of laboratory tests of corner joints of sashes and frames
1 - support /channel/, 2 - stop-counter-profile; 3- sample; 4 - load application point; 5-removable clamps for fastening the sample
Scheme for testing double-glazed windows for tightness
1 - capacity; 2 - glass unit sample; 3 - hard rubber lining; 4 - steel plate 200 ´ 300 mm
Scheme for determining deviations from the shape of profile elements
a is the size of deviations from transverse straightness; b - the size of the deviation from longitudinal straightness; D h = h 1 - h 2 - size of deviations from flatness; 1 - control sample; 2 - reference surface; 3 - metal ruler
Scheme for determining deviations from the shape of window elements
D S i - size of deviations from straightness; D S - size of deviations from flatness; 1 - control sample; 2 - reference surface; 3 - metal ruler
APPLICATION
The + sign indicates non-opening doors
Application
Examples of architectural window designs
Application
Types of windows depending on opening options and examples of installing linings when installing double-glazed windows
1 - load-bearing pads; 2 - spacers
2* when the sashes turn over, these linings will be load-bearing
Application
Examples of installation of pads when installing double-glazed windows
Application
Examples of installation of pads when installing double-glazed windows
Window with crossbars Window with crossbars
(adjusting pads are not installed)
Entrance doors entrance doors with sidewall
Basic types and designs of single-chamber double-glazed windows
1 - glass; 2 - low-emission heat-reflecting coating; 3 - dividing frame; 4 - dehumidifier; 5 - internal chamber; 6 - butyl sealant; 7 - polysulfide sealant; 8 - protective anti-fragmentation film.
Basic types and designs of double-glazed windows
|
1 Type of glass unit |
2 Heat transfer resistance sq.m °C/W |
3;3 N Airborne noise insulation, dBA |
| 1 - filling - air; argon |
0,45 - 0,50; 0,50 - 0,55 |
|
| 2; 2 N - low-emission coating; the same + argon |
0,60 - 0,65; 0,68 - 0,72 |
|
| 3, 3 N - film with low-emissivity coating; the same + argon |
0,62 - 0,70; 0,75 - 0,85 |
1 - glass; 2 - air chamber; 3 - dividing frame; 4 - dehumidifier; 5 - polysulfide sealant; 6 - heat-reflecting coating; 7 - film with heat-reflecting coating; 8 - butyl sealant.
Application
Layout of support pads
1 - supporting load-bearing lining; 2 - remote fixing pad; 3 - translucent filling
List of standards referenced in these technical specifications
| GOST 111-90 | Sheet glass. Technical conditions. |
| GOST 166-89 | Calipers. Technical conditions. |
| GOST 427-75 | Metal measuring rulers. Technical conditions. |
| GOST 7502-89 | Metal measuring tapes. Technical conditions. |
| GOST 8828-89 | Base paper and two-layer waterproof packaging paper. |
| GOST 10354-82 | Polyethylene film. Technical conditions. |
| GOST 16338-85E | Low-pressure polyethylene. Technical conditions. |
| GOST 21519-87 | Windows and balcony doors made of aluminum alloys. General technical conditions. |
| GOST 22233-94 | Profiles pressed from aluminum alloys for enclosing building structures. Technical conditions. |
| GOST 23166-78 | Windows and balcony doors are wooden. General technical conditions. |
| GOST 23747-88 | Doors made of aluminum alloys. General technical conditions. |
| GOST 24866-89 | Double-glazed windows are glued. Technical conditions. |
| GOST 25891-83 | Buildings and constructions. Methods for determining the air permeation resistance of enclosing structures. |
| GOST 26602-85 | Window. Method for determining heat transfer resistance. |
| GOST 27296-87 | Sound insulation of enclosing structures. Test methods. |
| GOST 30109-94 | The doors are wooden. Burglary resistance test methods. |
| GOST 9.031-74 | ESEX. Anodic-oxide coatings of semi-finished products made of aluminum and its alloys. General requirements and control methods. |
| GOST 9.301-86 | ESEX. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. General requirements. |
| GOST 9.303-84 | ESEX. Metallic and non-metallic inorganic coatings. General requirements for selection. |
|
Change registration sheet |
|||||||||
|
Sheet (page) numbers |
Total sheets (pages) in the document. |
Document Number |
Incoming accompanying document number and date |
||||||
|
changed |
replaced |
canceled |
|||||||
|
Characteristic name |
Meaning |
| 1. Reduced heat transfer resistance, m 2 × ° C/W: | |
| - with single-chamber double-glazed windows | |
| - the same, with heat-reflecting coating | |
| - with double-glazed windows | |
| - the same, with heat-reflecting coating | |
| 2. Sound insulation index, dBA | |
| 3. Overall light transmittance | |
| 4. Air permeability, kg × m 2 × h |
PRODUCT CATALOG LIST
Code TsSM 01 200 Group KGS/OKS 02-Zh34 Registration number 03-016333
| OKP code | 527000 | |
| Name of product | Windows and doors made of aluminum alloys | |
| Product designation | - | |
| Designation of normative or technical. document /instead/ | TU 5270-001-44991977-97 | |
| Name of the regulatory or technical document | Windows and doors made of aluminum alloys. Specifications | |
| Manufacturer code according to OKPO | 44991977 | |
| Manufacturer's name | LLC "Technocom LTD" | |
| Manufacturer's address /index, city, street, building/ | ||
| Telephone | /095/917-29-64 | |
| Telefax | /095/917-23-05 | |
| Telex | - | |
| Teletype | - | |
| Name of the original holder | LLC "Technocom LTD" | |
| Address of the original holder /index, city, street, house/ | 103062, Moscow, Lyalin lane, building 7/2, office 9 | |
| Product launch date | 01.11.97 | |
| Date of entry into force of the regulations. or technical document |
|
Aluminum doors are very popular today, but in order to meet the declared characteristics, they must meet GOST requirements. Otherwise, some of the beneficial qualities will be lost, and it will be unsafe to use them.
Requirements for products made of aluminum alloys are described in GOST 23747
Design and types
The door block consists of a frame and internal filling. The frame is made of aluminum, mainly double-glazed windows are installed between the profiles. Additionally, blind inserts are used, which can occupy the entire internal area or only the lower part, depending on the design.
According to the method of opening, doors made of aluminum profiles are divided into the following types:
- hinged - standard doors with hinges that open in one direction;
- sliding – thin doors installed on a roller system;
- pendulum - a variation of swing structures that open in both directions through the use of non-standard hinges.
Types of designs
Scope of use
Doors made of aluminum and its alloys are widely used today to fill openings in places with a large flow of people. Thanks to the characteristics of the material and the quality of the fastenings, the design is able to withstand heavy traffic without major functional changes.
Some types of aluminum doors are used in almost all office buildings, hotels, supermarkets, boutiques, salons and other public places. Reliably protect the premises from external factors and the penetration of robbers at night. At the same time, they fit well into the surrounding design and are easily adapted to specific stylistic conditions.
Aluminum structures are common in public buildings with high traffic
As for use in residential premises, such doors are mainly installed in modern apartment buildings with a concierge and security. Lightweight models are used inside individual homes.
To a greater extent, such products are suitable for ultra-modern interiors in the high-tech style; bright painted models are typical for fusion, pop art and the like.
Distinctive Advantages
Although aluminum does not have super strength, a number of characteristics distinguish it from other materials used for the manufacture of door structures.
Advantages of aluminum profile:
- Environmental friendliness. The material is safe to use, does not contain harmful impurities in its composition, does not emit substances hazardous to health and does not have a radioactive background.
- Ease. Despite the fact that aluminum is still a metal, structures using it look quite elegant and are surprisingly lightweight, which simplifies the process of their transportation, installation and further operation. There is no heavy load on the door frame, walls and other load-bearing elements of buildings.
- Durability. The material is quite durable and resistant to abrasion, even if the conditions for careful handling are not met.
- Wear resistance. Aluminum doors can withstand 100,000 opening and closing cycles, withstand adverse environmental conditions well, and are resistant to strong winds, precipitation, frost and sunlight. Aluminum does not corrode, withstands mechanical loads and shocks well, and does not react to household chemicals.
- Design. Although aluminum and its alloys belong to the category of metals, this material can be used to create very elegant door models. In addition, it can be repainted and brought into different shapes by combining it with other materials.
- Plastic. Aluminum can be easily processed in production, making it possible to constantly expand the range and create amazing door models at minimal cost.
Environmental friendliness, lightness and durability are the main advantages of aluminum structures
Despite such significant advantages, not all products that go on sale meet the declared characteristics. In order for the positive qualities to be fully revealed, every detail of the aluminum structure must meet the requirements of GOST standards.
In addition, such models may not always fit organically into the interior of the room. This is important to consider when choosing a door structure for a residential or public building.
Primary requirements
The main regulatory document is considered to be GOST 23747 “Door blocks made of aluminum alloys”. The requirements described in it are divided into several categories. The first of them concerns directly the technical characteristics of products and general provisions regarding the design.
Each aluminum door must be tested for resistance to heat transfer and air permeation. Acceptable standards are regulated by separate documents: GOST 26254 and 25891. In addition, products must withstand severe static loads and withstand at least 100,000 opening and closing cycles without compromising integrity or reducing quality. It is important to take into account that the applied force should not exceed 50 N.
As for design and other structural features, the door can be completely glazed or divided into solid and transparent. The size of the lower section is allowed no more than 1 m to the lightproof part.
Full or partial glazing is considered a design feature
GOST standards provide for the production of a frame from extruded aluminum profile. The type of materials and their parameters are also regulated in order to prevent metal twisting and rapid wear of the structure during operation. Fasteners are made from steel grades established by standards. To fill the frame, it is allowed to use sheets and extruded profiles with a thickness of 5-6 mm. The glass in double-glazed windows should be the same thickness, the total size of which ranges from 15-28 mm. Protection must be provided to prevent the door from being dismantled for the purpose of breaking into it.
The maximum deviations of the dimensions of the box and the canvas are regulated by separately derived values for each typical case; they can fluctuate between 0-1.5 mm.
Sealing and insulation
First of all, you should pay attention to the maximum allowable dimensions of the gaps between the frame and the door leaf. Along the perimeter they cannot exceed 3 mm. If we consider the doorway from the front side, when installing the product, the difference with the frame should not be more than 2 mm. The gaps when installing double-glazed windows and other parts at their joints are 0.3 mm. It is possible to increase this space by up to 1 mm, but in this case, in addition to glazing beads, additional sealant must be used.
As for filling the joints itself, sealants without glue are used on the rebates and at the joints of the frame. They must be of such a size that in the closed position there is no gap between the box and the canvas. Continuous gaskets made of light-ozone-freeze-resistant rubber or plastic are required on each side of the perimeter. It is permissible to use sealant as an alternative. The types of glue used are regulated by GOST 23747.
To fill the frame, support and fixing gaskets with clearly defined minimum dimensions made of low-density polyethylene, ozone-resistant rubber or wood with antiseptic treatment are required.
Schematic illustration of filling the aluminum profile frame
External covering
An equally important issue concerns the design and protective layer. According to GOST, the following materials are allowed:
- mandatory treatment with an anodic paint and varnish composition, except for the structure liners;
- during the manufacturing process of the product, the type of anodic oxide coating is separately agreed upon;
- according to GOST, the use of third class paints and varnishes is recommended;
- the thickness of the applied layer is set to at least 70 microns;
- the absence of an outer layer in inconspicuous areas of the product is allowed due to mechanical processing of these areas;
- After assembling the structure, anodic oxide, zinc and cadmium coatings cannot be applied.
In addition, it is important to consider the requirements for the quality of the metal surface. The limits of permissible defects are documented in GOST 9378. If the standards are not met, door blocks made of aluminum profiles should not be allowed for sale or further use. If the manufacturer complies with all the specified requirements and takes into account the wishes of the customer, the result will be an ideal aluminum door.
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- GOST 23747-88 Doors made of aluminum alloys. General technical conditions
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GOST 23747-88
ALUMINUM ALLOY DOORS
Date of introduction 1989-01-01
1. DEVELOPED
State Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning under the USSR State Construction Committee
Ministry of installation and special construction works of the USSR
DEVELOPERS
E.L. Ugryumov, Ph.D. architect (topic leader); P.A.Kalaida; V.V.Anikyev; A.A. Zhirkova; O.A. Zhadkevich; M.B. Priymak; V.A. Novikov; V.N. Spirov; A.A. Haytser; V.F. Lagutin; V.V. Moloshnikova; F.G. Danilenko; I.M. Karpilov; N.B. Zhukovskaya; V.P.Poddubny
2. INTRODUCED by the State Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning under the USSR State Construction Committee
3. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated June 15, 1988 No. 111
4. Inspection period - 1995; frequency - 5 years
5. INSTEAD GOST 23747-79
6. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
7. Reissue. January 1990
This standard applies to doors made of aluminum alloys (hereinafter referred to as doors) of climatic modification UHL of any placement category, except for the fifth, according to GOST 15150-69, any group of operating conditions for products with UHL paint coating according to GOST 9.104-79. The doors are designed for installation in external and internal vertical building enclosing structures.
The standard does not apply to doors in which aluminum alloys are not the main structural material, as well as to doors for special purposes (with increased requirements for fire safety, smoke protection, sound and heat insulation and tightness).
1.1. The types, sizes, design and symbols of doors are established by normative and technical documentation for specific types of structures.
2.1. Doors must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard, regulatory and technical documentation for doors of specific types and according to working drawings approved in the prescribed manner.
2.2. Characteristics
2.2.1. Heat transfer resistance of doors - according to SNiP II-3-79.
2.2.2. Door air permeation resistance - according to GOST 25891-83 (see Appendix 1).
2.2.3. Doors must have sufficient strength and stability under conditions of transportation, installation and operation.
Moreover, they must withstand 100,000 opening and closing cycles, as well as wind load in accordance with SNiP 2.01.07-85 and static loads in accordance with Appendix 1 of this standard.
2.2.4. Door structural parts, with the exception of liners, must have an anodic-oxide or paint-and-varnish protective and decorative coating.
The color of the coating is agreed upon with the manufacturer and selected according to standards approved in accordance with the established procedure.
The appearance and thickness of the anodic oxide coating are according to GOST 9.301-86 and GOST 9.031-74, respectively.
The paintwork must comply with class III according to GOST 9.032-74. Layer thickness - at least 70 microns.
The absence of anodic oxide and paint coatings is allowed in places of mechanical processing of parts on non-facial surfaces of structures and in the internal planes of hollow profile parts.
2.2.5. It is not allowed to apply anodic oxide, zinc or cadmium coatings to assembled products.
2.2.6. Fasteners and parts made of carbon steel in contact with aluminum elements must have a zinc or cadmium coating in accordance with GOST 9.303-84 with a thickness of at least 9 microns.
2.2.7. The height dimension of the non-transparent lower part of the door leaf should be no more than 1000 mm.
2.2.8. Doors with fully glazed panels without automatic opening, installed in places with intense human flows (stations, airports, etc.) are equipped with grilles that protect the glazing from damage.
2.2.9. The force applied to the door leaf to open it should not exceed 50 N.
2.2.10. The fastening of locking devices must ensure that they cannot be dismantled from the outside.
2.2.11. The door design must exclude the possibility of dismantling the leaf or filling it from the outside.
2.2.12. Maximum deviations in the dimensions of frame frames and door leaves in assembled form should not exceed the values specified in table. 1.
Table 1
2.2.13. The difference between the front surfaces of the frame and the door leaf relative to each other, the installation of which is provided in the same plane, should not be more than 2.0 mm.
2.2.14. The difference in the lengths of the diagonals of boxes and canvases should not be more than 3 mm.
2.2.15. The difference in the front surfaces of mating aluminum profiles should not exceed the tolerances established by GOST 22233-83 for the size of the joined sides of the profile.
2.2.16. Gaps on the front surfaces of structures at the joints of parts should not be more than 0.3 mm. It is allowed to increase the gap to 1.0 mm, but with subsequent sealing of the joint. Gaps at the junctions of linear infill fastening elements (beads) may not be sealed.
2.2.17. The maximum deviation of the cutting angle when the size of the cut side of the profile is up to 50 mm should not be more than ±20’, when the size of the cut side of the profile is over 50 mm - more than ±15’.
2.2.18. The surface roughness of profiles facing the front side of products and subject to machining must be microns in accordance with GOST 2789-73.
2.2.19. In places where the canvas frame meets the filling elements, as well as in the rebates, sealing gaskets must be installed around the perimeter without the use of glue.
The gaskets must be continuous on each side of the perimeter. At the request of the consumer, it is allowed to use sealant instead of sealing gaskets in places where the filling is installed.
2.2.20. When the canvas is closed, the sealing gaskets in the rebates must be pressed without gap.
2.2.21. The filling of the door leaf frame must be installed on supporting and fixing pads having a width of at least the thickness of the filling used, a height of at least 3 mm and a length of at least 80 mm. Layout diagrams for supporting and fixing pads under glass are given in Appendix 2.
2.3. Requirements for materials and components
2.3.1. Door frames must be made of extruded aluminum profiles in accordance with GOST 22233-83. To meet the requirements of this standard, profiles must be straightened to reduce longitudinal curvature and twist angle.
2.3.2. Fasteners (bolts, screws, nuts, washers) and hinge axes must be made of steel grades 20Х13 and 12Х13 in accordance with GOST 5632-72 or other grades of stainless steel in accordance with GOST 5632-72.
By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, it is allowed to manufacture fasteners and hinge axes from steel grades 08kp, 10kp, 20kp, 10, 20, 40 in accordance with GOST 1050-74.
2.3.3. Steel parts included in the door structure must be made of steel grade C235 in accordance with GOST 27772-88 (from 01.01.89) or St3kp2-1, welded in accordance with GOST 535-88, as well as from steel of other grades, physical and mechanical properties which are not lower than specified.
2.3.4. For translucent filling of the frame of door panels, glass and double-glazed windows should be used, manufactured in accordance with regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner. In this case, the thickness of the glass should be 5-6 mm, double-glazed windows 15-28 mm.
On door leaves with continuous translucent filling, special decorative signs must be applied directly to the glazing, located at a height of at least 1 m.
2.3.5. For non-transparent filling of the frame of door panels, the following should be used:
sheets made of aluminum grades AMg2, AMts according to GOST 21631-76;
extruded profiles of constant cross-section made of aluminum alloy AD31 in accordance with GOST 22233-83.
It is allowed to use other materials with a thickness of 5-6 mm from those permitted by the state sanitary inspection authorities, manufactured in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
2.3.6. Supporting and fixing pads must be made of low-density polyethylene of any grade in accordance with GOST 16338-85, as well as ozone-freeze-resistant rubber of increased hardness, wood impregnated with an antiseptic, in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
2.3.7. Sealing gaskets must be made of light-ozone-freeze-resistant rubber or plastics from those permitted by state sanitary inspection authorities in accordance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.
2.3.8. To seal joints at the junction of parts made of aluminum alloys, sealant grade UT-31 should be used according to GOST 13489-79 or mastics according to regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner, permitted by state sanitary inspection authorities and not causing corrosion of aluminum alloys.
2.3.9. Fasteners with metric threads in permanent connections should be installed on glue grades BF-2, BF-4 in accordance with GOST 12172-74, varnish grades PF-170, PF-171 in accordance with GOST 15907-70; grades AK113, AK113F according to GOST 23832-79 or other varnishes permitted by state sanitary inspection authorities.
2.3.10. Devices for doors must comply with the requirements of GOST 25979-83 and regulatory and technical documentation for devices of specific types.
2.4. Completeness
2.4.1. The scope of delivery of products is determined by the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation for specific types of structures.
It is allowed not to install devices, parts protruding relative to the plane of the door, support and fixing pads, glazing beads, fastening structures, but to supply them complete with the products.
2.5. Marking
2.5.1. The following must be written on the non-facial surface of each product or on the tag:
manufacturer's trademark;
product brand;
date of manufacture;
OTK stamp.
2.5.2. Packages should be marked in accordance with the requirements of GOST 14192-77.
2.5.3. The method of execution and additional requirements for marking are established in the regulatory and technical documentation for specific types of structures.
2.6. Package
2.6.1. Each door with hinged leaves must be locked before packing.
2.6.2. When placed in containers, each door or group of doors must be wrapped in one layer of two-layer packaging paper in accordance with GOST 8828-75 or waxed paper in accordance with GOST 9569-79 and tied with twine in accordance with GOST 17308-88 with a pitch of 300-350 mm.
When placing a group of doors in containers, a layer of paper must be laid between the products in accordance with GOST 8273-75.
2.6.3. Doors must be placed in containers that protect the products from bending and mechanical damage, manufactured according to working drawings approved in the prescribed manner.
The number of products and the methods of their placement in containers must ensure their safety during loading and unloading operations and transportation by various modes of transport.
2.6.4. Devices or parts of devices not installed on the door, glazing beads and fasteners must be wrapped in two-layer packaging paper in accordance with GOST 8828-75 or placed in plastic film bags in accordance with GOST 10354-82 and packed in containers together with the structure.
It is allowed to place instrument parts and fasteners in separate containers in accordance with GOST 2991-85, and leave purchased products included in the delivery set and not installed in the structure in the manufacturer’s packaging.
2.6.5. Each batch must have an accompanying document, the type and form of which, as well as the procedure and timing for sending these documents to the consumer, are established by the delivery conditions or contract.
3.1. Doors are accepted in batches. The batch must consist of doors of the same brand, manufactured using the same technological process. Batch size is no more than 200 pcs.
3.2. To verify compliance of products with the requirements of this standard and working drawings, the manufacturer should conduct acceptance, periodic and type tests.
3.3. During acceptance tests, two-stage control is used in accordance with GOST 23616-79, for compliance with the requirements given in paragraphs. 2.2.4; 2.2.12-2.2.15; 2.2.18; 2.4; 2.6, for which products are selected from the batch for sampling in accordance with Table. 2.
table 2
3.4. Products must be subjected to periodic testing at least once every two years for compliance with the requirements of all paragraphs of this standard, with the exception of paragraphs. 2.2.1 and 2.2.2.
When putting doors into production, tests must be carried out to ensure compliance with the requirements of all clauses of this standard.
3.5. When changes are made to the door design or manufacturing technology, type tests are carried out, the scope of which is determined by the developer of the design and technological documentation.
4.1. The heat transfer resistance of doors (clause 2.2.1) is determined according to GOST 26254-84.
4.2. The air permeability resistance of doors (clause 2.2.2) is determined according to GOST 25891-83.
4.3. Doors for static and wind loads (clause 2.2.3) are checked according to the test program and methodology approved in the prescribed manner.
4.4. The operation of the moving connections (clause 2.2.3) is checked by control opening and closing of the door leaves.
4.5. The protective and decorative coating (clause 2.2.4) is checked according to GOST 9.302-79 and GOST 9.074-77.
4.6. Geometric dimensions (clauses 2.2.7; 2.2.12-2.2.17) are checked with a ShTs-III caliper in accordance with GOST 166-80, an inclinometer in accordance with GOST 5378-66, a tape measure of class II accuracy in accordance with GOST 7502-80, a feeler gauge in accordance with TU 2- 034-225-87 or a template from the manufacturer, approved in the prescribed manner.
4.7. The quality of surfaces of mechanically processed profiles (clause 2.2.18) is checked by comparison with roughness standards according to GOST 9378-75.
4.8. The presence of sealing gaskets (clause 2.2.19) is checked visually.
4.9. The tightness of pressing of the sealing gaskets to the rebates (clause 2.2.20) is checked by the presence of a continuous trace left by a dye applied to the surface of the seal.
As a coloring agent, chalk should be used in accordance with GOST 12085-73, talc in accordance with GOST 19729-74 or other substances that do not damage the structure and are easily removed after inspection.
4.10. Compliance of brands and quality of materials (clauses 2.3.1-2.3.10) are checked according to certificates of manufacturers.
5.1. Transportation
5.1.1. Products are transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the Rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport.
5.1.2. The placement and securing of cargo items on railway transport must be carried out in full compliance with the “Technical conditions for loading and securing cargo” approved by the USSR Ministry of Railways.
5.2. Storage
Products should be stored in dry, ventilated areas on wooden supports, sorted by type and size. There must be wooden spacers between products stacked.
6.1. Door structural elements and fastening parts made of aluminum alloy at junctions with brickwork, concrete, plaster, steel, etc. must be protected from corrosion in accordance with the instructions of SNiP 2.03.11-85.
6.2. Operation of doors - in accordance with the requirements of the passport and installation and operating instructions.
The warranty period is established in standards or regulatory and technical documentation for specific types of structures.
1 - support lining; 2 - fixing lining; 3 - translucent filling;
4 - non-transparent filling
