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English-Russian-English dictionary and search with alphabetical index

The site has an English-Russian dictionary in which you can search for any words with any letter required at the moment. To find the desired translation of a word, you should study the options and synonyms for it provided by the online translation, and, having selected what you need, click on the word from the dictionary.

Several randomly found pages

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Part of the text: personality Conclusion In search of the human personality We have examined various aspects of the medieval picture of the world, which at first glance seem unrelated to each other. However, a careful study of ideas about space and time, about law as a comprehensive principle of world order, about labor, wealth and property reveals the interconnection of these categories. Their connection is determined primarily by the fact that the world itself was perceived and thought by people of the Middle Ages as a unity, therefore, all its parts were perceived not as independent, but as chips from this whole and had to bear its imprint. Everything that exists goes back to the central regulatory principle, is included in a harmonious hierarchy and is in a harmonious relationship with other elements of the cosmos. Since the regulative principle of the medieval world is God, conceived as the highest good and perfection, the world and all its parts receive a moral coloring. In the medieval “model of the world” there are no ethically neutral forces and things: they are all correlated with the cosmic conflict of good and evil and are involved in the world history of salvation. That's why...

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Part of the text: listen, but some of the disputants’ theses seemed to him to disagree with the latest discoveries of science; the very conduct of the debate irritated him with its lethargy and petty pickiness. He began to clearly show signs of impatience. The dean of the faculty noticed them, drew attention to the venerable appearance of the newly arrived student (“personae majestas,” as Antoine Leroy, who wrote about him in the 17th century, calls him), recognized his name, which had already become famous in the academic world, and invited him to take part in a dispute. Rabelais at first refused, saying that he did not dare to interfere in the dispute between learned doctors, but after intense requests he agreed to speak and expressed his opinion on the issues that were subject to dispute. His speech was so brilliant and eloquent, he showed such deep knowledge about the life and properties of plants, such broad views on nature in general, that the whole audience was delighted. The disputants, forgetting their differences, unanimously greeted him with loud applause. Rabelais spent about two years in Montpellier as a student and at the same time a lecturer. In the archives of the University of Montpelieu there are records dated September 16, 1530, which indicate that...

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Part of the text: towards the end of the Renaissance. The term Medium Aevum was used by humanists to designate the period that marked the decline of classical Latin, when the literary language of Cicero and Horace was replaced by the predominance of “kitchen Latin” or “peasant language” (sermo rusticus). A return to the high standards of Latin literature occurred only in the 14th-15th centuries, which were perceived by humanists as a time of revival of classical antiquity, and from here, in fact, came the designation of a new period of Italian and then European history - the Renaissance. Subsequently, this three-part periodization was extended to history as a whole and has been preserved until the present day, although the understanding of the internal content of these periods, and especially the Middle Ages, has repeatedly and sometimes radically changed. The chronological framework of the Middle Ages has changed and continues to be revised. For a long time, historians dated the beginning of this era to the end of imperial power in the West (476), and its completion to the final fall of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire under the blows of the Turks (1453). In the future these...

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Part of the text: about the ownership of Shakespeare's heritage by “someone else,” and the role of “someone else” inevitably turns out to be the figure of a courtier with a university education. In this work we will not refute or prove the attribution of Shakespearean texts to a specific Mr. X, whoever he may be - Rutland, Bacon or William S. from Stratford-upon-Avon. Our task is not attribution. It is necessary to critically comprehend the very initial premise on which further reasoning is based. For technical convenience, we will retain the name “Shakespeare” for the author of the texts 1 . The initial premise, so obvious and tempting for non-philologists (and even more so for people who have never studied foreign languages), in fact contains a complex set of questions that should be divided and clearly defined. 1) Are these sources in foreign languages ​​actually used in Shakespeare’s works? 2) What were the opportunities for language learning for the average Elizabethan in the 1570s - 1590s? 3) Do Shakespeare's texts really demonstrate deep knowledge of foreign languages? Question No. 1. Already at this stage, an extremely naive error in reasoning about the “circle of Shakespeare’s sources” is revealed: the confusion of literary studies with bibliographic matters. Any plot or thematic parallel found between Shakespeare’s text and any other in Italian (French, etc.) is interpreted as evidence that Shakespeare read this particular text, and in the original at that. Meanwhile, such a conclusion is only possible if this source has not been translated into English and at the same time...

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Part of the text: events or legends existing in a given area, then Petty’s work is unique in its desire to present to the public short stories mainly on ancient subjects, which, however, are developed entirely in the spirit of an everyday Renaissance short story. Of the twelve stories told by George Petty in The Little Palace of Pleasure, eleven have ancient sources: five are taken from Ovid (“Tereus and Procne”, “Scylla and Minos”, “Cephalus and Procris”, “Minos and Pasiphae” and “ Pygmalion’s friend and her statue”), two from Titus Livy (“Icilius and Virginia” and “Curiatius and Horace”), two from Hyginus (“Amphiaraus and Eriphyle” and “Admetus and Alcesta”), one each from Plutarch and Tacitus (“Sinorigus and Kamma” and “Germanicus and Agrippina”, respectively) and only one is based on the well-known legend of an early medieval Christian saint (“Alexius”). Only four short stories are based on historical events, while the rest are based on mythological events, and this is far from accidental. In the ancient world, myths were extremely important as they attempted to resolve metaphysical problems regarding birth and death and human destiny. Myths were especially widespread in Ancient Greece, from which they later moved to other countries and conveyed their Greek name to the beliefs and stories of hundreds of peoples of the world, and then gradually disappeared among them. “Myth excludes inexplicable events and insoluble conflicts. ...