The word Auschwitz (or Auschwitz) in the minds of many people is a symbol or even the quintessence of evil, horror, death, a concentration of the most unimaginable inhuman cruelties and torture. Many today dispute what former prisoners and historians say happened here. This is their personal right and opinion. But having visited Auschwitz and seen with your own eyes huge rooms filled with glasses, tens of thousands of pairs of shoes, tons of cut hair and children's things, you understand how serious everything is...

The young student Tadeusz Uzynski arrived in the first echelon with prisoners.

As was said in yesterday's article "Nazi barracks of hell", the Auschwitz concentration camp began to function in 1940, as a camp for Polish political prisoners. The first prisoners of Auschwitz were 728 Poles from the prison in Tarnow. At the time of its foundation, the camp had 20 buildings - former Polish military barracks . Some of them were converted for mass housing of people, and 6 more buildings were additionally built. The average number of prisoners fluctuated between 13-16 thousand people, and in 1942 reached 20 thousand. The Auschwitz camp became the base camp for a whole network of new camps - in 1941, the Auschwitz II - Birkenau camp was built 3 km away, and in 1943 - Auschwitz III - Monowitz. In addition, in 1942-1944, about 40 branches of the Auschwitz camp were built, built near metallurgical plants, factories and mines, which were subordinate to the Auschwitz III concentration camp. And the camps Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II - Birkenau completely turned into a plant for the extermination of people.

Upon arrival at Auschwitz, prisoners were screened and those found fit for work by SS doctors were sent for registration. Rudolf Höss, the head of the camp, told them on the very first day that they “... arrived at a concentration camp, from which there is only one way out - through the crematorium pipe.” Arriving prisoners were confiscated of clothes and all personal items, had their hair cut, and were registered and assigned personal numbers. Initially, each prisoner was photographed in three positions

In 1943, a tattoo of the prisoner's number on the arm was introduced. For babies and young children, the number was most often tattooed on the thigh. According to the Auschwitz State Museum, this concentration camp was the only Nazi camp in which prisoners had numbers tattooed.

Depending on the reasons for the arrest, prisoners received triangles different color, which, along with numbers, were sewn onto camp clothes. Political prisoners were given a red triangle, criminals were given a green triangle. Gypsies and antisocial elements received black triangles, Jehovah's Witnesses received purple ones, and homosexuals received pink ones. Jews wore a six-pointed star consisting of a yellow triangle and a triangle of the color that corresponded to the reason for the arrest. Soviet prisoners of war had a patch in the form of the letters SU. Camp clothing was quite thin and provided almost no protection from the cold. Linen was changed at intervals of several weeks, and sometimes even once a month, and the prisoners did not have the opportunity to wash it, which led to epidemics of typhus and typhoid fever, as well as scabies

Prisoners in the Auschwitz I camp lived in brick blocks, in Auschwitz II-Birkenau - mainly in wooden barracks. Brick blocks were only in the female part of the Auschwitz II camp. During the entire existence of the Auschwitz I camp, about 400 thousand prisoners of different nationalities, Soviet prisoners of war and prisoners of building No. 11 awaiting the conclusion of the Gestapo police tribunal were registered here. One of the disasters camp life there were inspections where the number of prisoners was checked. They lasted several, and sometimes over 10 hours (for example, 19 hours on July 6, 1940). Camp authorities very often announced penalty checks, during which prisoners had to squat or kneel. There were tests when they had to hold their hands up for several hours.

Housing conditions varied greatly in different periods, but they were always catastrophic. The prisoners, who were brought in at the very beginning in the first trains, slept on straw scattered on the concrete floor.

Later, hay bedding was introduced. These were thin mattresses filled with a small amount of it. About 200 prisoners slept in a room that barely accommodated 40-50 people.

With the increase in the number of prisoners in the camp, the need arose to densify their accommodation. Three-tier bunks appeared. There were 2 people lying on one tier. The bedding was usually rotted straw. The prisoners covered themselves with rags and what they had. In the Auschwitz camp the bunks were wooden, in Auschwitz-Birkenau they were both wooden and brick with wooden flooring.

Compared to the conditions in Auschwitz-Birkenau, the toilet of the Auschwitz I camp looked like a real miracle of civilization

Toilet barracks in the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp

Washroom. The water was only cold and the prisoner only had access to it for a few minutes a day. Prisoners were allowed to wash extremely rarely, and for them it was a real holiday

Sign with the number of the residential unit on the wall

Until 1944, when Auschwitz became an extermination factory, most prisoners were sent to grueling labor every day. At first they worked to expand the camp, and then they were used as slaves at the industrial facilities of the Third Reich. Every day, columns of exhausted slaves went out and entered through the gate with the cynical inscription “Arbeit macht Frei” (Work makes you free). The prisoner had to do the work running, without seconds of rest. The pace of work, meager portions of food and constant beatings increased the mortality rate. During the return of prisoners to the camp, those killed or exhausted, who could not move on their own, were dragged or carried in wheelbarrows. And at this time, a brass band consisting of prisoners played for them near the gates of the camp.

For every inhabitant of Auschwitz, block No. 11 was one of the most terrible places. Unlike other blocks, its doors were always closed. The windows were completely walled up. Only on the first floor there were two windows - in the room where the SS men were on duty. In the halls on the right and left sides of the corridor, prisoners were placed awaiting the verdict of the emergency police court, which came to the Auschwitz camp from Katowice once or twice a month. During 2-3 hours of his work, he imposed from several dozen to over a hundred death sentences.

The cramped cells, which sometimes housed a huge number of people awaiting sentencing, had only a tiny barred window near the ceiling. And on the street side near these windows there were tin boxes that blocked these windows from the influx of fresh air

Those sentenced to death were forced to undress in this room before execution. If there were few of them that day, then the sentence was carried out right here.

If there were many condemned, they were taken to the “Wall of Death,” which was located behind a high fence with a blind gate between buildings 10 and 11. Large numbers of their camp number were written on the chests of undressed people with an ink pencil (until 1943, when tattoos appeared on the arm), so that later it would be easy to identify the corpse.

Under stone fence in the courtyard of block 11 was built big wall made of black insulating boards, lined with absorbent material. This wall became the last facet of life for thousands of people sentenced to death by the Gestapo court for unwillingness to betray their homeland, attempted escape and political “crimes”.

Fibers of death. The condemned were shot by the reportfuehrer or members of the political department. For this, they used a small-caliber rifle so as not to attract too much attention with the sounds of shots. After all, it was very close stone wall, behind which there was a highway.

The Auschwitz camp had a whole system of punishments for prisoners. It can also be called one of the fragments of their deliberate destruction. A prisoner was punished for picking an apple or finding a potato in a field, relieving himself while working, or for working too slowly. One of the most terrible places of punishment, often leading to the death of a prisoner, was one of the basements of building 11. Here in the back room there were four narrow vertical sealed punishment cells measuring 90x90 centimeters in perimeter. Each of them had a door with a metal bolt at the bottom.

The person being punished was forced to squeeze inside through this door and it was bolted. A person could only be standing in this cage. So he stood there without food or water for as long as the SS men wanted. Often this was the last punishment in the life of a prisoner.

"Referrals" of punished prisoners to standing cells

In September 1941, the first attempt was made to mass exterminate people using gas. About 600 Soviet prisoners of war and about 250 sick prisoners from the camp hospital were placed in small batches in sealed cells in the basement of the 11th building.

Copper pipelines with valves were already installed along the walls of the chambers. Gas flowed through them into the chambers...

The names of the exterminated people were entered into the "Day Status Book" of the Auschwitz camp

Lists of people sentenced to death by the extraordinary police court

Found notes left by those sentenced to death on scraps of paper

In Auschwitz, in addition to adults, there were also children who were sent to the camp along with their parents. These were the children of Jews, Gypsies, as well as Poles and Russians. Most Jewish children died in gas chambers ah right after arriving at the camp. The rest, after a strict selection, were sent to a camp where they were subject to the same strict rules as adults.

Children were registered and photographed in the same way as adults and designated as political prisoners.

One of the most terrible pages in the history of Auschwitz were medical experiments by SS doctors. Including over children. For example, Professor Karl Clauberg, in order to develop quick method biological destruction of the Slavs, he conducted sterilization experiments on Jewish women in building No. 10. Dr. Josef Mengele conducted experiments on twin children and children with physical disabilities as part of genetic and anthropological experiments. In addition, various kinds of experiments were carried out at Auschwitz using new drugs and preparations, toxic substances were rubbed into the epithelium of prisoners, skin transplants were carried out, etc.

Conclusion on the results of X-rays carried out during the experiments with the twins by Dr. Mengele.

Letter from Heinrich Himmler in which he orders a series of sterilization experiments to begin

Cards of recording anthropometric data of experimental prisoners as part of Dr. Mengele's experiments.

Pages of the register of the dead, which contain the names of 80 boys who died after injections of phenol as part of medical experiments

List of released prisoners placed in a Soviet hospital for treatment

In the autumn of 1941, a gas chamber using Zyklon B gas began operating in the Auschwitz camp. It was produced by the Degesch company, which during the period 1941-1944 received about 300 thousand marks of profit from the sale of this gas. To kill 1,500 people, according to the Auschwitz commandant Rudolf Hoess, about 5-7 kg of gas was needed.

After the liberation of Auschwitz, a huge number of used Zyklon B cans and cans with unused contents were found in the camp warehouses. During the period 1942-1943, according to documents, about 20 thousand kg of Zyklon B crystals were delivered to Auschwitz alone.

Most Jews doomed to death arrived in Auschwitz-Birkenau with the conviction that they were being taken “for settlement” to eastern Europe. This was especially true for Jews from Greece and Hungary, to whom the Germans even sold non-existent building plots and lands or offered work in fictitious factories. That is why people sent to the camp for extermination often brought with them the most valuable things, jewelry and money.

Upon arrival at the unloading platform, all things and valuables were taken from people, SS doctors selected the deported people. Those who were declared unable to work were sent to gas chambers. According to the testimony of Rudolf Hoess, there were about 70-75% of those who arrived.

Items found in Auschwitz warehouses after the liberation of the camp

Model of the gas chamber and crematorium II of Auschwitz-Birkenau. People were convinced that they were being sent to a bathhouse, so they looked relatively calm.

Here the prisoners are forced to take off their clothes and are taken to next room simulating a bathhouse. There were shower holes under the ceiling through which no water ever flowed. About 2,000 people were brought into a room of about 210 square meters, after which the doors were closed and gas was supplied to the room. People died within 15-20 minutes. The gold teeth of the dead were pulled out, rings and earrings were removed, and women's hair was cut off.

After this, the corpses were transported to the crematorium ovens, where the fire roared continuously. In case of overflow of ovens or when pipes were damaged due to overload, the bodies were destroyed in the burning places behind the crematoria. All these actions were carried out by prisoners belonging to the so-called Sonderkommando group. At the peak of the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp, its number was about 1,000 people.

A photograph taken by one of the members of the Sonderkommando, which shows the process of burning those dead people.

In the Auschwitz camp, the crematorium was located outside the camp fence. Its largest room was the morgue, which was converted into a temporary gas chamber.

Here, in 1941 and 1942, Soviet prisoners of war and Jews from the ghettos located in Upper Silesia were exterminated.

In the second hall there were three double ovens, in which up to 350 bodies were burned during the day.

One retort held 2-3 corpses.

The crematorium was built by the company "Topf and Sons" from Erfurt, which in 1942-1943 installed ovens in four crematoria in Brzezinka.

Every time the train delivered new prisoners to Auschwitz, and those, exhausted by the road and endless hardships, lined up, the tall, stately figure of Joseph Mengele rose in front of the prisoners.

Every time the train delivered new prisoners to Auschwitz and those, exhausted by the road and endless hardships, lined up, the tall, stately figure of Josef Mengele appeared in front of the prisoners.

There was a smile on his face, he was always in a good mood. Neat, well-groomed, wearing white gloves, a perfectly ironed uniform and shiny boots. Mengele hummed an operetta to himself and decided the destinies of people. Just think: so many lives - and all were in HIS hands. Like a conductor with a baton, he waved his hand with a whip: right - left, right - left. He created his own symphony, unknown to anyone: the symphony of death. Those sent to the right faced a painful death in the cells of Auschwitz. And only 10-30 percent of those who arrived were given the opportunity to work in production and live... for the time being.

However, for those “lucky” ones who ended up in the queue “to the left”, something more terrible than gas chambers awaited them. Hard slave labor and hunger are just the beginning. Each of the prisoners risked falling under the scalpel of the smiling Doctor Mengele, who conducted inhumane experiments on people. The “guinea pigs” of the Angel of Death (as Anne Frank called Mengele in her diary)… what did they experience?

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There are stories about Josef Mengele's experiments that make the hairs on the back of any compassionate person's neck stand out. No Wikipedia will convey the cruelty and pain to which Dr. Mengele subjected the prisoners. Castration and sterilization of people, testing endurance with cold, temperature, pressure, radiation, implantation of dangerous viruses and much, much more. It is noteworthy that all experiments were carried out on prisoners without anesthetics. Many “test subjects” were even dissected while still alive. The worst of it was the twins, for whom the Angel of Death had a special weakness (but more on that later). There is even a myth that Dr. Mengele’s office was hung with children’s eyes. But this is just one of the popular legends that this mystical and terrible figure has acquired over time.

Who is he, Dr. Mengele? Researchers say that literary works were found, including the memoirs of the Angel of Death. He was very gifted and a genius in his own way. Evil genius. Today we will look at the personality of Josef Mengele from the point of view system-vector psychology and let's try to find the reasons why such monsters appear in the world.

Background. Fascist Germany

Philosophers of the 18th century wrote that a person is determined by the environment in which he grows and is brought up. This statement shows its truthfulness in practice: after all, it is what is put into our heads from childhood that largely determines what we will become in the future. Josef Mengele was born and raised in Nazi Germany. The ideas of fascism had a huge influence on him.

Let us take a closer look at what moods of that time left an indelible mark on the personality of Doctor Death.

The idea of ​​blood purity, the desire to revive the so-called Aryan race - all this particularly gripped Germany in the 1930s. The birth rate in Germany was falling, the mortality rate of children was rising, and it was not so rare that sick children with certain defects were born. Simultaneously a large number of people of other nationalities living in Germany (Jews, Gypsies, Slavs) represented a “threat” of incest for those with the anal vector. All this made the fascists afraid of the possible degeneration of the Aryan race - the very one that, according to Hitler, was destined to become the chosen one.

The very idea of ​​fascism is a product of the anal vector, elevated to an ideology for the masses with the help of a sound vector. After all, it is the carriers of the anal vector who differentiate everything into “clean” and “dirty.” “Pure”, in their minds, is healthy, correct, ideal. “Dirty” carries all sorts of defects, therefore blindness, deafness, schizophrenia, in the opinion of such people, arise due to the admixture of “dirty”, “unhealthy” blood of other nationalities. The only way out for the revival of “pure blood” is the destruction of all “stains”: people of other nationalities and their “offspring” - unhealthy children. Sound doesn't care about human lives. The idea is above all. Whether this idea will harm or benefit humanity depends on the state of the sound.

To ensure the "Aryan revival", extreme measures were taken. Firstly, all representatives of “dirty blood” were persecuted and sent to camps. Incest with representatives of other nationalities was not only not encouraged, but also punished. Each SS member had to produce his and his wife's pedigree to prove the purity and nobility of their family. Every German had to go through such a process, so the facts of the presence of representatives of “dirty blood” in the family were hidden in every possible way. People were afraid to be among those sent to camps.

In 1933, the issue of racial politics came to a head. Interior Minister Wilhelm Frick pointed to the problem of low birth rates. German women gave birth little, which had a detrimental effect on the prosperity of the state. The decline of the family was noted - the influence of liberals and democrats. This is how new legislation on marriage and family was prepared (authors: Heinrich Himmler and Martin Bormann). The Nazis proceeded from the fact that many men would die during the war, and the women of Germany were entrusted with a responsible mission: to give birth to as many healthy children as possible. From now on, every German woman under the age of 35 must have time to give birth to four children from purebred men, and physically and mentally healthy men were allowed to marry not one, but two or more women. The goal is to increase the birth rate. As a rule, holders of the highest awards were given this right.

“All married or unmarried women, if they do not have four children, are obliged, before reaching the age of thirty-five, to give birth to these children from racially impeccable German men. Whether these men are married or not does not matter."- wrote Himmler, who proposed forcibly dissolving marriages where no new children had appeared for five years. Moreover, all women over 35 who already have four children were required to voluntarily let their husband go to another woman.

But, unfortunately, not all children were and are born healthy. Newborns with physical and mental disabilities, as well as weak children, according to the ideologists of fascism, were not needed by the country, as they destroyed the gene pool. The ideological inspirer and leader of the fascists, Hitler, believed that the Aryans are an impeccable nation of strong and healthy people, therefore the weak, frail, and sick must be exterminated. “If a million children were born in Germany every year and seven hundred to eight hundred thousand of the weakest were immediately destroyed, the end result would be a strengthening of the nation.”- said Hitler. Systematically, one can understand the absurdity and wildness of this statement, since nature will always restore the balance it needs (20% of anal people, 24% of skin people, 5% of spectators, etc.).

Thus, a law was passed to prevent the appearance of offspring with unhealthy heredity. It was proposed to sterilize unhealthy people if there was a danger that the disease could be inherited. These were primarily people with schizophrenia, blindness and deafness. That is why, at the request of the state, propaganda videos were created that talked about natural selection: how nature itself created the law when the fittest survives. It was also planned to introduce euthanasia for weak and sick children.

The main goal facing anthropologists and doctors was the creation of an ideal nation. A special science also appeared - eugenics - which dealt with the issue of the revival of the Aryan race. The country was waiting for its “hero doctors”, captured by fascist ideas, and waited - Joseph Mengele, Doctor Death, appeared, obsessed with the idea of ​​​​a pure race so much that he was ready to cross the Hippocratic oath and any ethical standards and guidelines familiar to every person.

Josef Mengele's childhood

Josef Mengele was born in Günzburg. He was the second son in the family of a successful manager of an agricultural machinery factory.

Unfortunately, due to insufficient facts, we can only determine the lower vectors of the parents. The father, according to the memoirs of Josef Mengele himself, was a cold, detached man, obsessed with work and not paying any attention to his children. Karl Mengele is an anal-skin man who has achieved significant heights. It was at his factory that Hitler spoke when he first arrived in Günzburg, and it was to this factory that the Fuhrer allocated significant material resources during the war.

Walburga Mengele's mother is an anal-cutaneous-muscular powerful person with sadistic tendencies. She was a cruel, despotic woman, extremely demanding. All the factory workers feared her like fire, because she was very hot-tempered and explosive: she often flogged workers in public for work that was not done well enough. No one wanted Walburga's wrath to fall on their head, so everyone was wary of her.

Mengele's mother also showed her dictatorial nature in the family. She was the sole mistress to whom all other family members, including her husband, were subordinate. Walburga demanded from her sons everything that parents with an anal vector often demand from their children: unquestioning obedience and respect, diligent study at school, observance of Catholic rites and traditions. Respect, obedience, adherence to traditions - all these are the main values ​​of any anal person. Karl Mengele, like everyone else, was afraid of the wrath of his wife, who nagged him for any reason.

The story is described of how Karl Mengele once bought a new car in honor of the increase in profits of his factory, for which thunder and lightning were rained down on him by Walburga: she was angry and scolded her husband for the unreasonable waste of money and for not asking permission from his wives.

Joseph Mengele himself in his memoirs described his mother as a creature incapable of love and affection. The early childhood impressions of the future Angel of Death are directly related to the constant quarrels between father and mother and the cold attitude of both parents towards their children. This undoubtedly left its mark on Joseph’s consciousness and was one of those pieces that made up the personality of Doctor Death, because the grievances of the owners of the anal vector very often begin with.

Actually Joseph Mengele himself

So, the “Angel of Death” had the following set of vectors:

The article was written based on training materials “ System-vector psychology»

German doctor Joseph Mengele is known in world history as the most brutal Nazi criminal, who subjected tens of thousands of prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp to inhumane experiments.
For his crimes against humanity, Mengele forever earned the nickname “Doctor Death.”

Origin

Josef Mengele was born in 1911 in Bavaria, in Günzburg. The ancestors of the future fascist executioner were ordinary German farmers. Father Karl founded the agricultural equipment company Karl Mengele and Sons. The mother was raising three children. When Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power, the wealthy Mengele family began to actively support him. Hitler defended the interests of the very farmers on whom the well-being of this family depended.

Joseph did not intend to continue his father’s work and went to study to become a doctor. He studied at the universities of Vienna and Munich. In 1932 he joined the ranks of the Nazi Steel Helmet stormtroopers, but soon left this organization due to health problems. After graduating from university, Mengele received a doctorate. He wrote his dissertation on the topic of racial differences in the structure of the jaw.

Military service and professional activities

In 1938, Mengele joined the ranks of the SS and at the same time the Nazi Party. At the beginning of the war, he joined the reserve forces of the SS Panzer Division, rose to the rank of SS Hauptsturmführer and received the Iron Cross for saving 2 soldiers from a burning tank. After being wounded in 1942, he was declared unfit for further service in the active forces and went to “work” in Auschwitz.

In the concentration camp, he decided to realize his long-time dream of becoming an outstanding doctor and research scientist. Mengele calmly justified Hitler's sadistic views with scientific expediency: he believed that if inhuman cruelty is needed for the development of science and the breeding of a “pure race,” then it can be forgiven. This point of view translated into thousands of damaged lives and even more deaths.

In Auschwitz, Mengele found the most fertile ground for his experiments. The SS not only did not control, but even encouraged the most extreme forms of sadism. In addition, the killing of thousands of Gypsies, Jews and other people of the “wrong” nationality was the primary task of the concentration camp. Thus, Mengele found himself in the hands of a huge amount of “human material” that was supposed to be used up. "Doctor Death" could do whatever he wanted. And he created.

"Doctor Death" experiments

Josef Mengele conducted thousands of monstrous experiments over the years of his activity. He amputated body parts and internal organs without anesthesia, sewed twins together, and injected toxic chemicals into children's eyes to see if the color of the iris would change after that. Prisoners were deliberately infected with smallpox, tuberculosis and other diseases. All new and untested medications were tested on them, chemical substances, poisons and poisonous gases.

Mengele was most interested in various developmental anomalies. A huge number of experiments were carried out on dwarfs and twins. Of the latter, about 1,500 couples were subjected to his brutal experiments. About 200 people survived.

All operations on fusion of people, removal and transplantation of organs were performed without anesthesia. The Nazis did not consider it advisable to spend expensive medicines on “subhumans.” Even if the patient survived the experience, he was expected to be destroyed. In many cases, the autopsy was performed at a time when the person was still alive and felt everything.

After the war

After Hitler’s defeat, “Doctor Death,” realizing that execution awaited him, tried with all his might to escape persecution. In 1945, he was detained in the uniform of a private near Nuremberg, but then released because they could not establish his identity. After this, Mengele hid for 35 years in Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil. All this time, the Israeli intelligence service MOSSAD was looking for him and was close to capturing him several times.

It was never possible to arrest the cunning Nazi. His grave was discovered in Brazil in 1985. In 1992, the body was exhumed and proved that it belonged to Josef Mengele. Now the remains of the sadistic doctor are in medical university Sao Paulo.

The “death factory” of Auschwitz (Auschwitz) acquired more and more terrible fame. If in the remaining concentration camps there was at least some hope of survival, then most of the Jews, Gypsies and Slavs staying in Auschwitz were destined to die either in gas chambers, or from backbreaking labor and serious illnesses, or from the experiments of a sinister doctor who was one one of the first persons meeting new arrivals at the train. It was the Auschwitz concentration camp that found notoriety places where experiments were carried out on people.

Mengele was appointed chief physician in Birkenau - in the inner camp of Auschwitz, where he behaved clearly as the chief. His skin ambitions gave him no rest. Only here, in a place where people do not have the slightest hope of salvation, could he feel like the master of fate.

Read more about Josef Mengele’s childhood and personality formation in my article -« Doctor Death – Josef Mengele » . Also read other interesting articles about the Great Patriotic War:

Participation in the selection was one of his favorite “entertainment”. He always came to the train, even when it was not required of him. Constantly looking perfect (as befits the owner of the anal vector), smiling, happy, he decided who would die now and who would go to work.

It was difficult to deceive his keen analytical eye: Mengele always accurately saw the age and state of health of people. Many women, children under 15 and old people were immediately sent to the gas chambers. Only 30 percent of prisoners were lucky enough to avoid this fate and temporarily delay the date of their death.

Chief physician of Birkenau (one of the inner camps of Auschwitz) and
Head of the research laboratory Dr. Josef Mengele.

First days in Auschwitz

Soundman Joseph Mengele thirsted for power over people's destinies. It is not surprising that Auschwitz became a real paradise for the Doctor, who was capable of exterminating hundreds of thousands of defenseless people at a time, which he demonstrated in the very first days of work at the new place, when he ordered the extermination of 200 thousand Gypsies.

“On the night of July 31, 1944, a terrible scene of the destruction of a gypsy camp took place. Kneeling before Mengele and Boger, women and children begged for their life. But it did not help. They were brutally beaten and forced into trucks. It was a terrible, terrible sight.", say surviving eyewitnesses.

Human life has assigned nothing to the Angel of Death. All of Mengele's actions were drastic and merciless. Is there a typhus epidemic in the barracks? This means we will send the entire barracks to the gas chambers. This the best remedy stop the disease. Do the women have lice in the barracks? Kill all 750 women! Just think: one thousand more unwanted people, one less.

He chose who to live and who to die, who to sterilize, who to operate on... Dr. Mengele did not just feel equal to God. He put himself in God's place. A typical crazy idea in a sick sound vector, which, against the backdrop of the sadism of the anal vector, resulted in the idea of ​​wiping unwanted peoples from the face of the earth and creating a new noble Aryan race.

All experiments of the Angel of Death boiled down to two main tasks: to find effective method, which can influence the reduction in the birth rate of unwanted races, and by all means increase the birth rate of Aryan healthy children. Just imagine how much pleasure it brought him to be in that place that other people preferred not to remember at all.

Head of the labor service of the women's block of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - Irma Grese
and his commandant SS Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Joseph Kramer
under British escort in the courtyard of the prison in Celle, Germany.

Mengele had his own associates and followers. One of them was Irma Grese - an anal-cutaneous-muscular sound artist, a sadist with a sick sound, working as a guard in the women's block. The girl took pleasure in tormenting the prisoners; she could take the lives of prisoners only because she was in a bad mood.

Josef Mengele's first task in reducing the birth rate of Jews, Slavs and Gypsies was to develop the most effective method of sterilization for men and women. So he operated on boys and men without anesthesia, and exposed women to x-rays...

The opportunity to conduct experiments on innocent people freed up the Doctor's sadistic frustrations: he seemed to derive pleasure not so much from the sonic search for truth as from the inhumane treatment of prisoners. Mengele studied the possibilities of human endurance: he subjected the unfortunate to the test of cold, heat, various infections...

However, medicine itself did not seem so interesting to the Angel of Death, in contrast to his favorite eugenics - the science of creating a “pure race”.

Barrack No. 10

1945 Poland. Auschwitz concentration camp. Children, prisoners of the camp, are waiting for their release.

Eugenics, if you look at encyclopedias, is the doctrine of human selection, i.e. a science that seeks to improve the properties of heredity. Scientists making discoveries in eugenics argue that the human gene pool is degenerating and this must be fought.

In fact, the basis of eugenics, as well as the basis of the phenomena of Nazism and fascism, is anal division into “clean” and “dirty”: healthy - sick, good - bad, what is allowed to live, and what can “harm future generations”, therefore, does not have the right to exist and reproduce, from which society must be “cleansed.” This is why there are calls to sterilize “defective” people in order to cleanse the gene pool.

Joseph Mengele, as a representative of eugenics, faced an important task: in order to breed a pure race, it is necessary to understand the reasons for the appearance of people with genetic “anomalies”. That is why the Angel of Death was of great interest in dwarfs, giants, various freaks and other people whose deviations were associated with certain disorders in genes.

Thus, among Joseph Mengele’s “favorites” was the Jewish family of Lilliputian musicians Ovitz from Romania (and later the Shlomowitz family that joined them), for whose support, by order of the Angel of Death, they were created Better conditions in the camp.

The Ovitz family was interesting to Mengele, first of all, because along with the Lilliputians, there were also ordinary people in it. The Ovits were well fed, allowed to wear their own clothes and not shave their hair. In the evenings, the Ovitzs entertained Dr. Death by playing musical instruments. Joseph Mengele called his “favorites” by the names of the seven dwarfs from Snow White.

Seven brothers and sisters, originally from the Romanian town of Rosvel, lived in a labor camp for almost a year.

One might think that the Angel of Death became attached to the Lilliputians, but this was not the case. When it came to experiments, he already treated his “friends” in a completely unfriendly manner: the poor fellows had their teeth and hair pulled out, cerebrospinal fluid extracts were taken, unbearably hot and unbearably cold substances were poured into their ears, and terrible gynecological experiments were performed.

“The most terrible experiments of all [were] gynecological ones. Only those of us who were married went through them. We were tied to a table and systematic torture began. They inserted some objects into the uterus, pumped out blood from there, picked out the insides, pierced us with something and took pieces of samples. The pain was unbearable."

The results of the experiments were sent to Germany. Many scientific minds came to Auschwitz to listen to Joseph Mengele's reports on eugenics and experiments on Lilliputians. The entire Ovitz family was stripped naked and displayed in front of a large audience like scientific exhibits.

Doctor Mengele's Twins

"Twins!"- this cry resounded over the crowd of prisoners, when the next twins or triplets timidly huddled together were suddenly discovered. They were kept alive and taken to a separate barracks, where the children were well fed and even given toys. A sweet, smiling doctor with a steely gaze often came to see them: he treated them to sweets and gave them rides around the camp in his car.

However, Mengele did all this not out of sympathy or out of love for the children, but only with the cold calculation that they would not be afraid of his appearance when the time came for the next twins to go to the operating table. That’s the whole price of initial “luck”. "My guinea pigs" The terrible and merciless Doctor Death called the twin children.

The interest in twins was not accidental. Joseph Mengele was worried about the main idea: if every German woman, instead of one child, gave birth to two or three healthy ones at once, the Aryan race could finally be reborn. That is why it was very important for the Angel of Death to study in the smallest detail all the structural features of identical twins. He hoped to understand how to artificially increase the birth rate of twins.

The twin experiments involved 1,500 pairs of twins, of which only 200 survived.

The first part of the experiments on twins was harmless enough. The doctor needed to carefully examine each pair of twins and compare all their body parts. Centimeter by centimeter they measured arms, legs, fingers, hands, ears, noses and everything, everything, everything.

Such meticulousness in the research was not accidental. After all, the anal vector, which is present not only in Joseph Mengele, but also in many other scientists, does not tolerate haste, but, on the contrary, requires the most detailed analysis. Every little detail needs to be taken into account.

The Angel of Death meticulously recorded all measurements in tables. Everything is as it should be for an anal vector: on the shelves, neatly, precisely. As soon as the measurements were completed, the experiments on the twins moved into another phase.

It was very important to check the body’s reactions to certain stimuli. To do this, they took one of the twins: he was injected with some dangerous virus, and the doctor observed: what will happen next? All results were again recorded and compared with the results of the other twin. If a child became very ill and was on the verge of death, then he was no longer interesting: he, while still alive, was either opened up or sent to a gas chamber.

The twins were given each other's blood, internal organs were transplanted (often from a pair of other twins), and dye segments were injected into their eyes (to test whether brown Jewish eyes could become blue Aryan eyes). Many experiments were carried out without anesthesia. The children screamed and begged for mercy, but nothing could stop the one who imagined himself to be the Creator.

The idea is primary, the life of the “little people” is secondary. This simple method is used by many unhealthy sound people. Dr. Mengele dreamed of revolutionizing the world (in particular the world of genetics) with his discoveries. What does he care about some children!

So the Angel of Death decided to create Siamese twins by stitching together gypsy twins. The children suffered terrible torment and blood poisoning began. The parents could not observe this and suffocated the experimental subjects at night in order to alleviate the suffering.

A little more about Mengele's ideas

Joseph Mengele with a colleague at the Institute of Anthropology and Genetics
human and eugenics named after. Kaiser Wilhelm. Late 1930s.

While doing terrible things and conducting inhuman experiments on people, Joseph Mengele everywhere hides behind science and his idea. At the same time, many of his experiments were not only inhumane, but also meaningless, not bringing any discovery to science. Experiments for the sake of experiments, torture, infliction of pain.

My cruelty and Mengele covered up his actions with the laws of nature. “We know that natural selection controls nature, exterminating inferior individuals. The weaker ones are excluded from the reproduction process. This is the only way to maintain a healthy human population. In modern conditions, we must protect nature: not allow inferior ones to reproduce. Such people should be subjected to forced sterilization.".

People for him are just “human material”, which, like any other material, is divided only into high-quality or low-quality. Poor quality and don't mind throwing it away. It can be burned in furnaces and poisoned in chambers, cause inhuman pain and carry out terrible experiments: i.e. be used in every possible way to create "quality human material", who has not only excellent health and high intelligence, but is generally devoid of all "defects".

How to achieve the creation of a higher caste? “This can only be achieved in one way - by selecting the best human material. Everything will end in disaster if the principle of natural selection is rejected. A few gifted people will not be able to withstand the multi-billion-dollar mass of idiots. Perhaps the gifted will survive, as reptiles once survived, and billions of idiots will disappear, as the dinosaurs once disappeared. We must not allow a massive increase in the number of such idiots.” The egocentrism of the sound vector in these lines reaches its apogee. Looking down on other people, deep contempt and hatred - that’s what motivated the Doctor.

When the sound vector is in a sick state, any ethical standards begin to shift in a person’s head. At the output we get: “From an ethical point of view, the problem is this: it is necessary to determine in which cases a person should be kept alive and in which cases he should be destroyed. Nature has shown us the ideal of truth and the ideal of beauty. What does not correspond to these ideals perishes as a result of selection arranged by nature itself.”

Speaking about the benefits of humanity, the Angel of Death does not at all mean all of humanity as such, for such peoples as Jews, Gypsies, Slavs and others do not deserve, in his opinion, life at all. He feared that if his research fell into the hands of the Slavs, they would be able to use the discoveries for the benefit of their people.

That is why Joseph Mengele, when Soviet troops were approaching Germany and the defeat of the Germans was inevitable, hastily collected all his tables, notebooks, notes and left the camp, ordering the destruction of traces of his crimes - the surviving twins and midgets.

When the twins were taken to the gas chambers, Zyklon-B suddenly ran out and the execution was postponed. Fortunately, the Soviet troops were already very close, and the Germans fled.

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Josef Mengele was born in Bavaria in 1911. He studied philosophy at the University of Munich and medicine at Frankfurt. In 1934 he became a member of the SA, a paramilitary unit of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party), and in 1938 he joined the ranks of the SS.

Mengele worked at the Institute of Hereditary Biology and Racial Hygiene. The topic of his dissertation: “Morphological studies of the structure of the lower jaw of representatives of four races.”

A general sadist

During World War II, Mengele served as a military doctor in the SS Viking Division. In 1942, he received the Iron Cross for saving two tank crews from a burning tank. After being wounded, SS Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Mengele was declared unfit for combat service and in 1943 was appointed chief physician of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

With the arrival of Mengele, Auschwitz became a "major scientific research center." The doctor's range of interests was wide. He began with “increasing the fertility of Aryan women.” It is clear that the material for research was non-Aryan women. Then the Fatherland set the exact opposite task: to find the cheapest and most effective methods of limiting the birth rate of “subhumans” - Jews, Gypsies and Slavs.

Having maimed thousands of men and women, Mengele came to the conclusion: the most reliable way to avoid conception - castration. “Research” went on as usual. The Wehrmacht proposed to find out everything about the effects of cold on a soldier’s body (hypothermia). The experimental technique was very simple: a concentration camp prisoner was covered with ice, and “doctors” in SS uniform constantly measured his body temperature. When a test subject died, a new one was brought from the barracks. Conclusion: after cooling the body to a temperature below 30 degrees, it is most likely impossible to save a person. And the best way to warm up is hot bath and “the natural warmth of the female body.”

A study was commissioned by the Luftwaffe to study the influence high altitude on the pilot's performance. A pressure chamber was built in Auschwitz. Thousands of prisoners suffered a terrible death: with ultra-low pressure, a person was simply torn apart. Conclusion: it is necessary to build aircraft with a pressurized cabin. But not a single such aircraft took off in Germany until the end of the war.

Joseph Mengele, who became interested in racial theory in his youth, conducted experiments with eye color. He decided to prove that the brown eyes of Jews could never become the blue eyes of a “true Aryan.” He gave hundreds of Jews injections of blue dye, which were extremely painful and often led to blindness. The conclusion is obvious: a Jew cannot be turned into an Aryan.

Tens of thousands of people became victims of Mengele’s monstrous experiments. What is the value of research alone on the effects of physical and mental exhaustion on human body! And the “study” of three thousand young twins, of which only 200 survived! The twins received blood transfusions and organ transplants from each other. Sisters were forced to bear children from their brothers. Forced gender reassignment operations were carried out.

Before starting the experiments, the “good doctor” Mengele could pat the child on the head, treat him with chocolate...

However, the chief doctor of Auschwitz was engaged not only in applied research. He was not averse to “pure science.” Concentration camp prisoners were infected with various diseases in order to test the effectiveness of new drugs on them. In 1998, one of the former prisoners of Auschwitz sued the German pharmaceutical company Bayer. The makers of aspirin were accused of using prisoners to test the new sleeping pill. Judging by the fact that soon after the start of the “approbation” the concern additionally “acquired” another 150 prisoners of Auschwitz, no one was able to wake up after the new sleeping pills.

By the way, other representatives also collaborated with the concentration camp system German business. The largest chemical concern in Germany, IG Farbenindustri, made not only synthetic gasoline for tanks, but also Zyklon-B gas for the gas chambers of the same Auschwitz. After the war, the giant company was “disintegrated.” Some of the fragments of IG Farbenindustry are well known in the world as drug manufacturers.

And what did Joseph Mengele achieve? Nothing. The conclusion that if a person is not allowed to sleep and not fed, he will first go crazy and then die cannot be considered a scientific result.

Quiet "retirement"

In 1945, Josef Mengele destroyed all the “data” he had collected and escaped from Auschwitz. Until 1949, he worked quietly in his native Günzburg at his father’s company. Then, using new documents in the name of Helmut Gregor, he emigrated to Argentina. He received his passport quite legally, through the Red Cross. During those years, this organization issued passports and travel documents to tens of thousands of refugees from Germany. Perhaps Mengele's fake ID was not carefully checked there. Moreover, the art of forging documents in the Third Reich was at its best.

This is how Mengele ended up in South America. In the early 1950s, when Interpol issued a warrant for his arrest (with the right to kill upon arrest), the Nazi criminal moved to Paraguay, where he disappeared from view.
At the same time, for 40 years after the end of World War II, “fake” Mengeles appeared in a variety of places. Thus, in 1968, a former Brazilian policeman claimed that he allegedly managed to discover traces of the Angel of Death (as Mengele was nicknamed by the prisoners) on the border of Paraguay and Argentina.

Shimon Wiesenthal, founder of the Jewish Center for the Collection of Information on Nazi Criminals, announced in 1979 that Mengele was hiding in a secret Nazi colony in the Chilean Andes. In 1981, a message appeared in the American Life magazine: Mengele lives in the Bedford Hills area, located 50 kilometers north of New York. And in 1985, in Lisbon, one suicide left a note admitting that he was the wanted Nazi criminal Josef Mengele.

Where was he found?

Only in 1985 did it become known about the true location of Mengele, or rather, his grave. An Austrian couple living in Brazil reported that Mengele was Wolfgang Gerhard, who had been their neighbor for several years. The couple claimed that he drowned six years ago, that he was then 67 years old, and indicated the location of his grave: the town of Embu.

In the same year, the remains of the deceased were exhumed. At every stage of this action, three independent teams of forensic experts were involved, and live television broadcast from the cemetery was received in many countries around the world. The coffin contained only the decayed bones of the deceased, but everyone was eagerly awaiting the results of their identification.

The scientists' chances of identifying the deceased were considered quite high. The fact is that they had at their disposal an extensive archive of data about Mengele: the SS file cabinet from the war contained information about his height, weight, skull geometry, and condition of his teeth. The photographs clearly showed the characteristic gap between the upper front teeth.

The specialists who examined the Embu burial had to be very careful when making their conclusions. The desire to find Joseph Mengele turned out to be so great that there have already been cases of his erroneous identification, including deliberately falsified ones. Many such deceptions are described in the book Witness From the Grave by Christopher Joyce and Eric Stover.

How was he identified?

The bones discovered in the grave were subjected to a thorough examination, which was carried out by three independent groups of experts: from Germany, the USA and the Shimon Wiesenthal Center, located in Austria. After the exhumation was completed, scientists examined the grave a second time, looking for possibly fallen dental fillings and bone fragments. Then all parts of the skeleton were taken to Sao Paulo, to the Institute of Forensic Medicine, where further research continued.

The results obtained, compared with data on the identity of Mengele from the SS file, gave experts the basis to almost certainly consider the examined remains to belong to a wanted war criminal. However, they needed absolute certainty; they needed an argument to convincingly support such a conclusion. And then Richard Helmer, a West German forensic anthropologist, joined the work of the experts, thanks to whose participation it was possible to brilliantly complete the final stage of the entire operation.

Helmer was able to recreate the appearance of a deceased person from his skull. It was difficult and painstaking work. First of all, it was necessary to mark the points on the skull that served as starting points for restoration appearance faces, and accurately determine the distances between them.

The researcher then created a computer “image” of the skull. Further, based on your professional knowledge about the thickness and distribution of soft tissues, muscles and skin, he received the following computer image, which already clearly reproduced the features of the face being restored. The final—and most critical—moment of the entire procedure came when the computer-generated face was combined with the face in Mengele's photograph.

Both images matched exactly. Thus it was finally proven that the man who hid for many years in Brazil under the names of Helmut Gregor and Wolfgang Gerhard and drowned in 1979 at the age of 67 was indeed the Angel of Death of the Auschwitz concentration camp, the cruel Nazi executioner, Dr. Josef Mengele.

Vadim ILYIN