Возможность что-нибудь сделать (могу, умею)

I can play the piano. (умею) He can answer the question. (может)

I cannot play the piano. (не умею) He cannot answer the question. (не может)

Can you sing? (умеете?)

Can you help me? (можете?)

I could not ski when I was little. (не умел)

She could not jump so high. (не могла)

Упражнение 1

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Her grandmother can knit very well. 2. I can answer the questions. They are very easy. 3. This trip is too expensive for me. I can"t afford it. 4. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can find the job she"s looking for. 5. Can You go to have lunch with me? - I"m sorry. I can"t. 6. Mike can run very fast. 7. They can understand French. 8. Kate can speak English very well. 9. My brother can come and help you in the garden. 10. Can you speak Spanish?

Упражнение 2

can (could).

1. Я умею говорить по-английски. 2. Мой папа не умеет говорить по-немецки. 3. Ты умеешь говорить по-французски? 4. Моя сестра не умеет кататься на коньках. 5. Ты можешь переплыть эту реку. 6. Я не могу выпить это молоко. 7. Она не может вас понять. 8. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году? 9. В прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах, а сейчас умею. 10. Вы не можете сказать мне, как доехать до вокзала? 11. Не могли бы Вы мне помочь? 12. Я не могу перевести это предложение. 13. Никто не мог мне помочь. 14. Где тут можно купить хлеб? 15. Твоя бабушка умела танцевать, когда была молодой? – Да, она и сейчас умеет.

MAY Разрешение (можно )

It may rain soon. (может быть, пойдет дождь) Be careful: you may fail. (можешь упасть)

Упражнение 3

Переведите на русский язык

1. May I invite Nick to our house? 2. You may go now. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 4. Don’t go to the wood alone: you may lose your way. 5. May I go to the post office with Mike? 6. May I take Pete’s bag? 7. Don’t give the vase to the child: he may break it. 8. May we take notes with a pencil? 9. You may not cross the street when the light is red. 10. May I shut the door?

Упражнение 4

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол may.

1. Можно мне войти? 2. Можно, я пойду гулять? 3. Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти домой. 4. Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти домой. 5. Доктор говорит, что я уже могу идти купаться. 6. Папа сказал, что мы можем пойти в кино одни. 7. Я думал, что мне можно смотреть телевизор. 8. Если ты не наденешь пальто, ты можешь заболеть. 9. Не уходи из дома: мама может скоро прийти, а у нее нет ключа. 10. Будь осторожен: ты можешь упасть. 11. Не трогай собаку: она может укусить тебя. 12. Мы, может быть, поедем за город в воскресенье. 13. Он может забыть об этом. 14. Скоро может пойти дождь. 15. Здесь нечего делать. Мы можем рано уйти сегодня. 16. Он, может быть, и знает эту проблему, поэтому он, может быть, и знает ответ на этот вопрос, но я не очень уверена. 17. Если хотите, можете идти сейчас. 18. Где они сейчас живут? – Они, может быть, и живут сейчас за границей, но я не очень уверена.

Упражнение 5

Вставьте глаголы may или can.

1. … I come in? 2. Let me look at your exercises. I … be able to help you. 3. I … not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I … stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I’m going to learn to swim. 4. Libraries are quite free, and any one who likes … get books there. 5. I … come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 6. Take your raincoat with you: it … rain today. 7. Do you think you … do that? 8. I … finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me any more. 9. … we come and see you next Sunday at three o’clock in the afternoon? 10. What time is it? – It … - be about six o’clock, but I am not sure. 11. Only a person who knows the language very well … answer such a question.

Упражнение 6

Вставьте модальные глаголы may (might) или can (could).

1. … you help me? 2. I … imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 3. Something was wrong with the car: he … not start it. 4. A fool … ask more questions than a wise man … answer. 5. She asked me if she … use my telephone. 6. … I use your pen? 7. … I find a pen on that table? 8. You … read this book: you know the language well enough. 9. You … take this book: I don’t need it. 10. … help you? 11. … I ask you to help me? 12. The school was silent: nothing … be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting … be endless, you know. 14. … you tell me the nearest way to the city museum? 15. They … think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he … find in the rich university library.

MUST Долженствование

Упражнение 7

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Don"t worry! This is not important. - Not important! You must be joking! 2. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today. 3. You must not argue with the boss. 4. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight. 5. You must stop smoking ! If you don"t, you"re going to have serious problems with your lungs some day. 6. You must work hard at your English. 7. You must learn the words. 8. Must we learn the poem today? 9. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 10. You must not talk at the lessons. 11. Everybody must come to school in time. 12. Don"t ring him up: he must be very busy. 13. You must not make notes in the books. 14. I must help my mother today.

Упражнение 8

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must.

1. Он, должно быть, очень устал. 2. У них даже есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 3. Ты должен уехать завтра утром? 4. Вы не должны опаздывать.>5. Я не должен забывать о своей матери. Я не писал ей целую вечность. Сегодня вечером я должен написать ей письмо. 6. Эта книга очень ценная. Вы не должны ее терять. 7. Неужели вам надо уже уходить? 8. Я должен признать, что я неправ. 9. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским. 10. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке. 11. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 12. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 13. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 14. Она должна быть дома сейчас. 15. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 16. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 17. Должно быть, трудно решать такие задачи. 18. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга.

Упражнение 9

Переведите на русский язык

1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school in time. 7. Don’t ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9. I must help my mother today. 10. Don’t worry! This is not important. – Not important! You must be joking!

Упражнение 10

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must.

1. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке. 3. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 4. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 5. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 6. Она должна быть дома сейчас. 7. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 8. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 9. Должно быть, трудно решать такие задачи. 10. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга. 11. Он, должно быть, очень устал. 12. У них даже есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 13. Ты должен уехать завтра утром? 14. Вы не должны опаздывать. 15. Я не должен забывать о своей матери. Я не писал ей целую вечность. Сегодня вечером я должен написать ей письмо.16. Эта книга очень ценная. Вы не должны ее терять. 17. Неужели вам надо уже уходить? 18. Я должен признать, что я неправ.

1. Перефразируйте предложения, используя модальный глагол might.

Например: Perhaps the children will be naughty tonight. – The children might be naughty tonight. (Возможно, дети будут капризничать вечером.)

1. Perhaps it will snow tomorrow.

2. Perhaps I’ll travel to the islands for my holiday.

3. Perhaps he won’t send the flowers to her.

4. Perhaps you’ll get a brand new car for your birthday.

5. Perhaps she’ll be late because of a traffic jam.

2. Поставьте модальные глаголы have to, has to или had to. Переведите предложения.

1. I can’t see you quite well. I … put on my glasses.

2. In London we … drive on the left side.

3. Jack … wear a suit and a tie to school.

4. Yesterday I … stay at work till midnight.

5. She … go now or she’ll miss the train.

6. If I lose my job, I will … sell my diamonds.

7. She doesn’t … buy an expensive present.

3. Выберите подходящий модальный глагол в скобках.

1. You … (don’t have to/must not) go to school if you have a high temperature.

2. The exam is next week. So you … (must/can) study hard.

3. I will cook everything for the party, so you … (don’t have to/mustn’t) bring any food.

4. He needs more exercise, he … (should/can) go to a gym.

5. Women … (are allowed to/have to) cover their heads in a church.

6. I … (can’t/can) speak Italian very well because I didn’t learn it at school.

7. We … (could/couldn’t) sleep last night because of the storm.

8. Sam … (must/had to) leave the party early because his wife disappeared.

9. If you train more you … (could/will be able to) run faster.

10. I was … (ought to/able to) buy a dishwasher with my credit card.

11. You … (ought/can) to apologize.

12. We … (needn’t/mustn’t) book a room in advance. They always have some vacant rooms.

13. Your hair looks awful. You … (can/should) get it cut.

14. I am exhausted. I … (am able to/need to) get some rest.

15. When they were rich they were … (able to/allowed to) travel abroad every month.

16. Visitors of our hotel … (may/can) use the car park.

17. Dogs … (aren’t allowed to/aren’t able to) get inside.

18. I’m not sure but Bob … (could/must) be in England now.

19. … (Must/May) I use your mobile phone?

20. Tom doesn’t answer the phone. His car … (should/must) be in a tunnel now.

4. Расставьте слова в предложениях с модальными глаголами по порядку.

1. chairs – have – to – many – you – did – buy – so – why?

2. after – to – you – tree – have – look – this – carefully – very.

3. have – doesn’t – my — correct – she – to – mistakes.

4. invite – wedding — should – our – we – cousins – the – to.

5. shouldn’t – today – without – an — outside – go – she – umbrella.

6. socks – the – wash – must – every — their – boys – evening.

7. mustn’t – son – lighter – my – play – with – a.

8. I – off – can – day – have – a?

9. aren’t – in — you – shout – the — to – allowed – museum.

10. could – to –have — station – he – gone — the.

Ответы:

1.
1. It might snow tomorrow. (Завтра возможно будет снег.)
2. I might travel to the islands for my holiday. (Возможно, я поеду на острова во время отпуска.)
3. He might not send the flowers to her. (Он, может быть, не пошлет ей цветы.)
4. You might get a brand new car for your birthday. (Ты, возможно, получишь новую машину в день рожденья.)
5. She might be late because of a traffic jam. (Она, возможно, опоздает из-за пробок на дороге.)

2.
1. have to (Я вижу тебя не очень хорошо. Мне нужно надеть очки.)
2. have to (В Лондоне мы должны ездить по левой стороне.)
3. has to (Джэку нужно носить костюм и галстук в школу.)
4. had to (Вчера мне пришлось остаться на работе до полуночи.)
5. has to (Ей нужно идти сейчас, или она опоздает на поезд.)
6. have to (Если я потеряю работу, мне придется продать бриллианты.)
7. have to (Ей не нужно покупать дорогой подарок.)

3.
1. must not (Ты не должен ходить в школу с высокой температурой.)
2. must (Экзамен на следующей неделе. Поэтому ты должен много заниматься.)
3. don’t have to (Я все приготовлю для вечеринки, поэтому вам не нужно приносить никакую еду.)
4. should (Ему нужно больше заниматься, ему следует пойти в тренажерку.)
5. have to (Женщины обязаны покрывать голову в храме.)
6. can’t (Я не могу очень хорошо говорить по-итальянски, так как не изучал язык в школе.)
7. couldn’t (Мы не могли спать вчера из-за шторма.)
8. had to (Сэму пришлось уйти с вечера рано, так как его жена исчезла.)
9. will be able to (Если будешь больше тренироваться, ты сможешь бегать быстрее.)
10. able to (Я смог купить посудомоечную машину по кредитной карточке.)
11. ought (Тебе следует извиниться.)
12. needn’t (Нам не обязательно бронировать номер заранее. У них всегда имеются свободные номера.)
13. should (Твои волосы выглядят ужасно. Тебе следует их подстричь.)
14. need to (Я обессилена. Мне нужно немного отдохнуть.)
15. able to (Когда они были богаты, они могли путешествовать заграницу каждый месяц.)
16. may (Посетителям отеля разрешено пользоваться автостоянкой.)
17. aren’t allowed to (Собакам не разрешается входить в помещение.)
18. could (Не уверен, но, может быть, Боб сейчас в Англии.)
19. May (Могу я воспользоваться вашим телефоном?)
20. must (Том не отвечает на звонок. Должно быть, его машина сейчас находится в туннеле.)

4.
1. Why did you have to buy so many chairs? (Почему тебе пришлось купить так много стульев?)
2. You have to look after this tree very carefully. (Тебе нужно ухаживать за этим деревом очень бережно.)
3. She doesn’t have to correct my mistakes. (Ей не обязательно исправлять мои ошибки.)
4. We should invite our cousins to the wedding. (Нам следует пригласить кузенов на свадьбу.)
5. She shouldn’t go outside without an umbrella today. (Ей не следует выходить на улицу без зонта сегодня.)
6. The boys must wash their socks every evening. (Мальчики обязаны стирать свои носки каждый вечер.)
7. My son mustn’t play with a lighter. (Моему сыну нельзя играть с зажигалкой.)
8. Can I have a day off? (Могу я взять выходной?)
9. You aren’t allowed to shout in the museum. (Не разрешается кричать в музее.)
10. He could have gone to the station. (Возможно, он уехал на вокзал.)

Итак, дорогой English Learner, вы изучили теорию по теме и теперь приступаем к практике. Выполнив 11 упражнений ниже , вы научитесь отличать значения основных модальные глаголов can, may, must, should, а составлять с ними отрицательные и вопросительные предложения. Ниже дана краткая сводка основных значений этих глаголов.

Английские модальные глаголы. Упражнения для начинающих (уровень 1)

Упражнение 1. Выберите модальный глагол, исходя из его значения и контекста. Переведите предложения.

Когда кажется, что подходят оба глагола, выбирайте более типичную ситуацию.

1. You (must, can) go to bed now.
2. She (may, should) read this book.
3. I (must, may) go home.
4. He (can, may) speak English.
5. The students (must, may) use a calculator at the Maths lessons.
6. My mother (can, should) cook many delicious dishes.
7. My father (must, can) drive a car.
8. Jack (can, must) play the guitar very well.
9. You (should, must) ask his advice.
10. Kate (may, can) remember a lot of words.

Упражнение 2. Сделайте данные предложения, в которых есть модальные глаголы, отрицательными.

1. You must read in bed.
2. You can cross the road when the lights are red.
3. You should open the window. It is cold outside.
4. It is already late. She must go outside.
5. He should dress so formal if he goes to a picnic.
6. You must keep books at home so long.
7. You can park here.
8. Students may shout at the lessons.
9. Teachers may be late for school.
10. Parents must obey their children. (obey — слушаться)

Упражнение 3. Сделайте данные предложения вопросительными.

1. She can play chess.
2. He can play hockey.
3. They may go to the cinema.
4. I may open the window.
5. Children and adults must clean their teeth twice a day. (How often…?)
6. Children must go to school. (Where…?)
7. English learners must learn English words every day. (What…?)
8. You should keep your room tidy. (What…?) (keep tidy — держать в порядке)
9. Children should listen to their parent`s advice.
10. They should be polite.

Упражнение 4. Составьте вопросы из слов и дайте на них краткий или полный ответ.

1. your brother/ play/ table tennis/ can? – Yes, he…
2. your cousin/ can/ ride a horse? – No, he…
3. may/ go to/ I / the cinema? – Yes, you…
4. late/ may/ come home/ she? – No, she…
5. learn this poem/ must/ she/ by heart? – Yes, she…
6. books/ how many/ they/ must/read? – Only two.
7. wear/ smart clothes/ for the party/ should/ they? – Yes,…
8. salt/ how much/ should/ put in the dish/ I ? – Just a little.
9. the student/ mobile/ phones/ use/ can/ at the exams? – No, they…
10. children/ come to school / in time/ must? – Yes, they…

Упражнение 5. Найдите ошибки.

1. You don’t can go to the party.
2. He musts take his dog for a walk.
3. I can to help you.
4. He not must be late.
5. Can his brother speaks French?
6. Paul must to go there.
7. You don’t must smoke here.

Упражнение 6. Выберите правильный вариант CAN’T или COULDN’T.

Начинающим необходимо запомнить, что модальный глагол CAN имеет форму прошедшего времени — COULD.

1. When my sister was a little girl, she (can’t / couldn’t) read.
2. You (can/ could) see this picture in the Tretyakov Gallery.
3. Yesterday I lost my keys and (can’t / couldn’t) get into my flat.
4. I (can’t/ couldn’t) go out because I have a lot of work.
5. He (can’t /couldn’t) speak English when he was 10.

Запомните, что CAN’T и MUSTN’T часто переводятся НЕЛЬЗЯ.

Запомните, что

CAN’T — НЕЛЬЗЯ (общее правило, запрет)

MUSTN’T — НЕЛЬЗЯ (личное решение говорящего)

Упражнение 7. Скажите, что НЕЛЬЗЯ делать. Используйте глаголы CAN’ T и MUSTN’ T.

1. You _____ tell anybody about it. It is a secret.
2. The baby _______ drink cold milk.
3. You ______ cross the street here.
4. You _______speak so loudly. It is very late.
5. Little children _____ leave home alone.

Упражнение 8. Переведите предложения с выражением НЕЛЬЗЯ. Используйте глаголы CAN’T (общее правило, запрет) и MUSTN’T (решение говорящего).

1. Ему нельзя пить холодное молоко. Он болеет. (be ill.)
2. Ей нельзя есть апельсины.
3. Нам нельзя здесь бегать.
4. В библиотеке нельзя громко разговаривать. (at the library.)
5. Здесь нельзя курить.

Упражнение 9. Дайте совет учителям и студентам, используя should (shouldn’t), исходя из контекста.

Запомните! Should — это совет, который не является обязательным.

Teachers / Students

explain the rules very well, get bad marks, give instructions, give bad marks, give nicknames, answer questions

Упражнение 10. Переведите предложения с формами модальных глаголов на английский язык.

1. Он должен … _____________ learn new English words.
2. Она умеет … ______________play the guitar.
3. Людям следует … ____________ be careful when crossing the street.
4. Водителям не следует… __________drive fast.
5. Ей разрешают … ____________go to the cinema today?
6. Мне нельзя … ____________ come home late.
7. Я не умею … _____________ speak English well.
8. Детям нельзя … ____________run here.
9. Им не разрешают … ___________play computer games.
10. Тебе следует … ___________ try again.

Упражнение 11. Переведите предложения с модальными глаголами.

1. Я не умею играть на гитаре.
2. Он не умеет играть в настольный теннис.
3. Ты умеешь кататься на велосипеде?
4. Твоя сестра умеет водить машину?
5. Ты можешь дать мне свою ручку?
6. Очень жарко. Ты можешь открыть окно?
7. Можно мне пойти в кино?
8. Можно мне воспользоваться калькулятором?
9. Ты должен учить английские слова каждый день.
10. Тебе следует читать книги на английском языке.
11. Взрослым не следует кричать на детей.
12. Ты не должен (нельзя) пользоваться мобильным телефоном на экзамене.

• изучить
• продолжить

1. Complete the following sentences using the most appropriate forms of the verbs.

1. Jack has got a headache. He … sleep well recently.
a) can’t
b) couldn’t have
c) hasn’t been able to

2. I … sleep for hours when I was a little girls.
a) could
b) am able to
c) can

3. Tom … play tennis well but he … play a game yesterday because he was ill.
a) couldn’t, could
b) can, was able
c) can, couldn’t

4. I didn’t want to be late for the meeting. We … meet at 5 sharp.
a) were to
b) had to
c) could

5. Where are my gloves? - I … put them on because it’s cold today.
a) can’t
b) have to
c) needn’t

6. You … take an umbrella today. The Sun is shining.
a) needn’t
b) mustn’t
c) can’t

7. I’m sorry, you didn’t invite me to your birthday party. You … invite me next time.
a) must
b) should
c) need to

8. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I … go now.
a) can
b) has to
c) must

9. You … smoke so much.
a) would
b) can’t
c) shouldn’t

10. We have got plenty of time. We … hurry.
a) must
b) needn’t
c) should

2. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Вы должны бросить курить.
2. Вечеринка была замечательная. Вам следовало прийти.
3. Ты можешь решить эту проблему.
4. Тебе следует навестить своего больного друга.
5. Тебе следовало навестить своего больного друга, но ты не навестил.
6. Не хотите еще чая?
7. Я вынужден был сделать это.
8. Я не знаю, почему мы спешили. Нам не нужно было спешить.
9. Я бы хотел пойти с тобой.
10. Ты можешь делать все, что хочешь.
11. Ольге нужно уделить больше внимания занятиям по английскому языку.
12. Я не уверен, но возможно он неправ.
13. Ему разрешили взять машину своего отца в прошлую пятницу.
14. Я могу считать до 50 на испанском.

3. There is a mistake in each sentence. Correct the mistakes.

1. Actors may learn a lot of dialogues by heart.
2. Your glass is empty. Must I refill it?
3. Would I introduce Mr. Brown to you?
4. My sister can to play a few musical instruments.
5. Some years ago I didn’t can speak English.

Правильные ответы:

1. Закончите следующие предложения, используя наиболее подходящие формы глаголов.

1. c | 2. a | 3. c | 4. a | 5. b | 6. a | 7. b | 8. c | 9. c | 10. b

2. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. You must stop smoking.
2. The party was great. You should have come.
3. You can solve this problem.
4. You ought to visit your sick friend.
5. You ought to have visited your sick friend, but you didn’t.
6. Would you like some more tea?
7. I had to do that.
8. I don’t know why we hurried. We needn’t have hurried.
9. I’d like to go with you.
10. You may do everything you want.
11. Olga needs to pay more attention to her English classes.
12. I’m not sure but he may be wrong.
13. He was allowed to borrow his father’s car last Friday.
14. I can count to fifty in Spanish.

3. В каждом предложении есть ошибка. Исправьте ошибки.

1. may - must
2. must - can
3. would - can
4. can to play - can play
5. didn’t can - couldn’t

Упражнения "Модальные глаголы" (с ответами )

1. Выберите в скобках правильный вариант модального глагола.

1. He … (can’t/couldn’t) open the window as it was stuck.

2. Interpreters … (may/must) translate without dictionaries.

3. … (Can/May) I use me your bike for today?

5. I hardly ever see Jane, she … (may/might) have moved to Africa.

6. Take an umbrella. It … (may/can) rain.

7. You … (could/should) stop smoking. You know you … (cannot/must not) buy health.

8. You … (may/must) finish the article as soon as possible.

9. Liz doesn’t … (ought to/have to) keep to a diet anymore.

10. Lara … (can/might) get a playstation for her birthday.

11. You … (must not/needn’t) read in the dark.

12. My grandfather is retired, so he … (shouldn’t/doesn’t have to) go to work.

13. The fridge is full, so we … (must not/needn’t) go shopping.

14. Our employees … (can/must) sign this agreement.

16. I … (can’t/needn’t) believe it! You … (have to/must) be joking.

17. Ann … (must/is to) finish school next year.

18. Sorry, I’m late. I … (needed to/had to) wait for the plumber.

19. What time do we … (should/have to) be at the railway station?

20. Don’t wait for me tonight. I … (might/must) be late.

21. I … (maynot/can’t) watch this film. It’s too boring.

22. We’ve got a dishwasher, so you … (couldn’t/needn’t) wash-up.

23. You look very pale, Ithink you … (need/should) stay at home.

24. … (Could/Might) you, please, pass me the mustard?

1. сouldn’t (Он не мог открыть окно, так как оно застряло.)

2. must (Переводчики должны переводить без словарей.)

4. Could (Ты не могла бы дать мне рецепт этого торта?)

5. might (Я почти не вижу Джейн, возможно она переехала в Африку.)

7. should – cannot (Тебе следует перестать курить. Ты же знаешь, что не сможешь купить здоровье.)

8. must (Ты должен закончить статью как можно скорее.)

9. have to (Лизе больше не нужно сидеть на диете.)

10. might (Лара возможно получит игровую приставку на свой день рождения.)

12. doesn’t have to (Мой дед на пенсии, поэтому ему не нужно ходить на работу.)

13. needn’t (Холодильник полон, поэтому нам не обязательно идти в магазин.)

14. must (Наши служащие должны подписывать это соглашение.)

15. ought to (Нам следует зарезервировать столик заранее, если мы хотим там поужинать.)

16. can’t – must (Я не могу в это поверить! Должно быть, ты шутишь.)

17. is to (Аня должна закончить школу в следующем году.)

18. had to (Извините, я опоздал. Мне пришлось ждать водопроводчика.)

19. have to (Во сколько нам нужно быть на ж/д вокзале?)

20. might (Не ждите меня вечером. Возможно, я буду поздно.)

21. can’t (Я не могу смотреть этот фильм. Он слишком скучный.)

22. needn’t (У нас есть посудомоечная машина, поэтому тебе не нужно мыть посуду.)

23. should (Ты выглядишь очень бледным. Думаю, тебе следует остаться дома.)

24. Could (Не могли бы вы передать мне горчицу, пожалуйста?)

2. Complete the following sentences using the most appropriate forms of the verbs.

1. Jack has got a headache. He … sleep well recently.

a) can’t

b) couldn’t have

c) hasn’t been able to

2. I … sleep for hours when I was a little girls.

a) could

b) am able to

c) can

3. Tom … play tennis well but he … play a game yesterday because he was ill.

a) couldn’t, could

b) can, was able

c) can, couldn’t

4. I didn’t want to be late for the meeting. We … meet at 5 sharp.

a) were to

b) had to

c) could

a) can’t

b) have to

c) needn’t

6. You … take an umbrella today. The Sun is shining.

a) needn’t

b) mustn’t

c) can’t

7. I’m sorry, you didn’t invite me to your birthday party. You … invite me next time.

c) need to

8. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I … go now.

a) can

b) has to

c) must

9. You … smoke so much.

a) would

b) can’t

c) shouldn’t

10. We have got plenty of time. We … hurry.

a) must

b) needn’t

c) should

1. c | 2. a | 3. c | 4. a | 5. b | 6. a | 7. b | 8. c | 9. c | 10. b

3. Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, can, need).

1. I ... not believe. I failed another test. — But you ... go to more classes and fewer parties. 2. Perhaps we ... meet next week. 3. ... he speak English in childhood? 4. My neighbours ... grow their own vegetables. 5. ... you turn the music down, please. 6. I ... not believe. I am already out of money. — You ... learn not to spend so much. — But I ... not help it, there are just things that I ... to buy. 7. If you want to improve your English, you ... work very hard. 8. ... I take this book? — Certainly, but you ... not give it to anybody. 9. Mother, ... I go to the country tomorrow? — No, you ... not. The doctor says you ... stay at home for a day or two. 10. There is something wrong with your television set. You ... call a repairman. — Oh, we ... not do, it! My brother ... fix it himself. 11. ... we bring these textbooks every day? — No, you ... not: you ... take them from the library. 12. ... you go to the country with us? — No, I am afraid I ... not: I ... go to the library.
KEYS:
1. can, must. 2. сап. 3. could. 4. сап. 5. could. 6. can, must, can, need. 7. must. 8. can (may), must. 9. can (may), must (may, can), must. 10. must, need, can. 11. must, need, can. 12. can, can, must.

4. Вставьте подходящие модальные глаголы (must, may, can, need, to have to, to be able to).

1. You ... not come to help them tomorrow: the work is done. 2. You ... not change the whole text as the beginning is all right. You ... only rewrite the second part of it. 3. ... you help me now? — I am afraid not: I am in a great hurry. I shall be free in the evening. Come to my place at about eight, and I ... help you. 4. John ... not tell us the rules of the game: we know them. 5. ... I return the book to you on Friday? I am afraid I ... not finish it before. — No, that is too late. You ... bring it to me not later than Wednesday. 6. It is already six o"clock. We ... hurry if we don"t want to be late. 7. ... you translate this text into English? — I think I .... 8. They spent all the morning on the river bank. Only Ann ... return home as she ... not stay in the sun for such a long time. 9. How do you feel when you ... take a test? — I"m always a little frightened and unhappy. 10. She ... decorate a room nicely. 11. We ... not afford to pay the bill. 12. He"s got a lung problem and he ... go to hospital every two weeks. 13. Ann ... not go to his birthday party yesterday because she ... go to the dentist. 14. You ... take medicine three times a day before meals. You ... not stop taking it until you have finished the bottle. Don"t forget. You ... drink water as much as you .... You ... get up tomorrow if you like. You ... not stay in bed all the time. But you ... not do any work at all. You ... just relax for a few days.

KEYS:
1. need. 2. need, must. 3. can, shall be able to. 4. need. 5. may, can, must. 6. must. 7. can, can. 8. had to, could. 9. have to. 10. can. 11. can. 12. has to. 13. could, had to. 14. must, must, must, can, can, need, must, must.


5. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол may/might/could/

E.g. Possibly you left your book behind.

You may have left your book behind.
1. Perhaps it was too cold for the children to go out.
2. It is possible that he took his children to the zoo.
3. Possibly they did not see us in the crowd.
4. Perhaps Robert used a dictionary.
5. Possibly Mary misunderstood you.
6. Perhaps Henry waited for us there.
7. Possibly Ann returned very late last night.
8. Possibly they have seen the new play.
9. Perhaps Nick has left his exercise book at home.
10. Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus.
11. Perhaps he went to the cafe to wait to wait for us.
12. Perhaps it was Helen who rang you up.
13. Perhaps they came by plane.
14. Perhaps she had a very good English teacher.

KEYS:
1. It may have been too cold for the children to go out. 2. He may have taken his children to the zoo. 3. They may not have seen us in the crowd. 4. Robert may have used a dictionary. 5. Mary may have misunderstood you. 6. Henry may have waited for us there. 7. Ann may have returned very late last night. 8. They may have seen the new play. 9. Nick may have left his exercise book at home. 10. You may have left your umbrella in the bus. 11. He may have gone to. the cafe to wait for us. 12. It may have been Helen who rang you up. 13. They may have come by plane, 14. She may have had a very good English teacher.


6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол may/might/could/


1. Perhaps he is at home, but I am not sure 2. It is possible that we studied at the same school, but I don"t remember her. 3. Perhaps she was proud of her knowledge, but she never showed it to her classmates. 4. Perhaps there was a chance for him to win the match. 5. Perhaps Peter was as capable as the old workers, but he was given no chance to show his skill. 6. Perhaps they will come home very soon: be ready. 7. Perhaps the question was too difficult for her. 8. Try this delicious drink: perhaps you will like it. 9. Why didn"t Nick ring us up? - It is possible that he forgot about it. 10. It is possible that your brother has never heard about this singer. 11. Perhaps she tried to enter the university, but failed. 12. It is possible that you asked the wrong people, that"s why you didn"t get the right answer. 13. Perhaps our friends will arrive here tomorrow.

KEYS:
1. He may be at home, but I am not sure he is. 2. We may have studied at the same school, but I don"t remember her. 3. She may have been proud of her knowledge, but she never showed it to her classmates. 4. There may have been a chance for him to win the match. 5. Peter may have been as capable as the old workers, but he was given no chance to show his skill. 6. They may come home very soon: be ready. 7. The question may have been too difficult for her. 8. Try this delicious drink: you may like it. 9. Why didn"t Nick ring us up? — He may have forgotten about it. 10. Your brother may never have heard about this singer. 11. She may have tried to enter the university, but she failed. 12. You may have asked the wrong people. 13. Our friends may arrive here tomorrow.


7. Скажите, что, на ваш взгляд, эти события не могли произойти .

E.g. This old bracelet was found in Africa.

This old bracelet can"t have been found in Africa.

1. This car was built twenty years ago. 2. These photographs were taken in the north. 3. This tape recording was done last week. 4. James was given an excellent mark in history. 5. Ann was given an excellent mark for her geometry test. 6. This house was built at the beginning of this century. 7. This tower was built in the 9th century. 8. This book was written by a very good writer. 9. This film was made by a very good director. 10. This play was written by a very clever playwright. 11. This film has been shot in a fortnight. 12. This book was translated into Russian in the 19th century. 13. This castle was built in the 15th century. 14. This picture was painted by an Italian artist. 15. This refrigerator was produced ten years ago.

KEYS:
1. This car can"t have been built twenty years ago. 2. These photographs can"t have been taken in the north. 3. This tape recording can"t have been done last week. 4. James can"t have been given an excellent mark in history. 5. Ann can"t have been given an excellent mark for her geometry test. 6. This house can"t have been built at the beginning of this century. 7. This tower can"t have been built in the 9th century. 8. This book can"t have been written by a good writer. 9. This film can"t have been made by a good director. 10. This play can"t have been written by a clever playwright. 11. This film can"t have been shot in a fortnight. 12. This book can"t have been translated into Russian in the 19th century. 13. This castle can"t have been built-in the 15th century. 14. This picture can"t have been painted by an Italian artist. 15. This refrigerator can"t have been produced ten years ago.


8.Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол can"t.

E.g. I don"t believe he is at home now. He can"t be at home now.

1. I don"t believe that you are serious. 2. It is impossible that she is a traitor. 3. I can"t believe that he has made such an important discovery. 4. I can"t believe that the teacher has forgotten to correct our homework. 5. I don"t believe the work is too difficult for my friend. 6. I don"t believe Jane made such a mistake. 7. It is impossible that the cat ate all the fish. 8. I don"t believe that our papers were so poor. 9. It is impossible that you believed such a silly lie. 10. It is impossible that he has stolen the money. 11. I don"t believe that they have heard the story before. 12. I don"t think that she is good at physics.

KEYS:
1. You can"t be serious. 2. She can"t be a traitor. 3. He can"t have made such an important discovery. 4. The teacher can"t have forgotten to correct our homework. 5. The work can"t be too difficult for my friend. 6. Jane can"t have made such a mistake. 7. The cat can"t have eaten all the fish. 8. Our papers can"t have been so poor. 9. You can"t have believed such a silly lie. 10. He can"t have stolen the money. 11. They can"t have heard the story before. 12. She can"t be good at physics.


9. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами саn, may или must.

1. ... I come in? 2. You ... not smoke here. 3. ... take your book? — I am afraid not: I need it. 4. He ... not speak English yet. 5. I have very little time: I ... go. 6. They ... not go to the park today because they are busy. 7. You ... read this text: it is easy enough. 8. What ... we see on this map? 9. ... you speak Spanish? — No, unfortunately I ... 10. At what time ... you come to school? 11. She ... still live in Paris. 12. He is busy. He ... be writing a book about his travels. 13. But he is happy. He ... enjoy life. 14. My friend Danielle isn"t a famous artist. But she ... even paint Russian icons. I ... only admire her beautiful pictures. She ... be a woman of great talents. She ... speak German, French and English. She ... translate a lot of articles for the Museum of her native town in Switzerland. She ... also teach these languages at school. She is fantastic. I am fascinated by everything that she does.

KEYS:

1. may. 2. must (may, can). 3. may. 4. can. 5. must. 6. can. 7. can. 8. can. 9. can, can"t. 10. must. 11. may. 12. must. 13. must. 14. My friend Danielle isn"t a famous artist. But she can even paint Russian icons. I can only admire her beautiful pictures. She must be a woman of great talents. She can speak German, French and English. She can translate a lot of articles for the Museum of her native town in Switzerland. She can also teach these languages at school. She is fantastic. I am fascinated by everything that she does.
10. Вставьте модальные глаголы can, may, must или need.

1. Peter ... return the book to the library. We all want to read it. 2. Why ... not you understand it? It is so easy. 3. ... we do the exercise at once? — Yes, you ... do it at once. 4. ... you pronounce this sound? 5. You ... not have bought this meat: we have everything for dinner. 6. I... not go out today: it is too cold. 7. ... I take your pen? — Yes, please. 8. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy. 9. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come and do it. 10. When ... you come to see us? ¦— I ... come only on Sunday. 11. Shall I write a letter to him? — No, you ... not, it is not necessary. 12. ... you cut something without a knife? 13. Everything is clear and you ... not go into details now. 14. He ... not drink alcohol when he drives. 15. Don"t worry! I ... change a light bulb. 16. By the end of the week I ... have finished writing my book. 17. She ... not call the doctor again unless she feels worse.

KEYS:

1. must. 2. can. 3. must, must. 4. can. 5. need. 6. can. 7. may. 8. can. 9. need. 10. can, can. 11. need. 12. can. 13. need. 14. must. 15. can. 16. may. 17. need.