Lebedev Petr Nikolaevich

L Ebedev, Pyotr Nikolaevich - famous physicist (1866 - 1912). Born on February 24, 1866 in Moscow, into a merchant family. He received his primary education at the Petropavlovsk German school and at a private real school; For three years he was a student at the Imperial Technical School. Feeling a calling to pure science, Lebedev left school in 1887, where he perfectly studied turning and metalworking and acquired skills in designing complex instruments, which turned out to be very useful for his future activities. Lebedev received his higher education from Kundt at the Strasbourg Institute of Physics, then from him in Berlin, where he also attended lectures on theoretical physics by Helmholtz. Returning to Strasbourg, Lebedev prepared there, under the guidance of F. Kohlrausch, his doctoral work: “On the measurement of dielectric constant vapors and on the Mossotti-Clausius theory of dielectrics” (1891). At the same time, Lebedev undertook the study of theories of comet tails and then already came to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe pressure of radiant energy and the possibility of its experimental proof. In 1891, Lebedev received a position as an assistant in Moscow and began experimental research into the ponderomotive effect of different waves on resonators. For this work, the summary results of which were published in 1892, Lebedev received a doctorate from Moscow University without a master's exam and without submitting a dissertation for a master's degree, and a year later he received a professorship at Moscow University. Carrying out the work “On the double refraction of rays of electric force” (1895), he discovered the shortest electromagnetic waves that have been obtained so far. Lebedev's brilliant experimental talent was fully reflected in his further work, when he began to implement the main task of his life - the proof of light pressure. In 1900, Lebedev published the first report on the positive results of his experiments on the pressure of light on solids, and in 1901 - the classic “Experimental Study of Light Pressure”. Only in 1910, after countless experiments, after he had built and investigated more than 20 final instruments alone, Lebedev proved the pressure of light on gases (Journal of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society, 1910). In 1911, Lebedev, together with other professors, left Moscow University and had to move his activities to a small laboratory, set up with private funds in rented premises. In recent years, Lebedev has worked a lot on the issue of the movement of the earth in the ether, tried to find out the causes of terrestrial magnetism and expressed extremely bold original ideas on this issue. The experiments he carried out gave negative results ("Magnetometric studies of rotating bodies. First message", "Journal of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society", 1911), but further work was interrupted by death. Lebedev died on March 1, 1912 from heart disease. - In addition to purely scientific works, Lebedev did a lot of popularizing the latest acquisitions in physics in speeches and articles. Lebedev's great merit was the creation of an entire school of young Russian physicists who worked in his laboratory under his talented and skillful leadership. He was the founder and chairman of the Moscow Physical Society, which now bears his name. In 1913, this society published Lebedev’s “Collected Works” (M., with his biography and a complete list of works). Lebedev's two works on light pressure were published in 1913 by P. Lazarev, in "Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften". Detailed biographies have been written

February 24, 1866 - March 01, 1912

outstanding Russian experimental physicist, the first to experimentally confirm Maxwell's conclusion about the presence of light pressure, founder of Russia's first scientific physics school, professor at Moscow University

Founder of Russia's first scientific physics school, professor at Moscow University (1900-1911). He was dismissed as a result of the actions of the Minister of Education, known as the “Casso affair”.

Biography

Born in Moscow on March 8, 1866. In his youth, he became interested in physics, but access to the university was closed for him, a graduate of a real school, so he entered the Imperial Moscow Technical School. Subsequently, P. N. Lebedev said that familiarity with technology turned out to be very useful to him in the design of experimental installations.

Education

In 1887, without graduating from IMTU, Lebedev went to Germany, to the laboratory of the famous physicist August Kundt, for whom he worked first in Strasbourg and then in Berlin. In 1891, he wrote a dissertation “On the measurement of dielectric constant vapors and the Mossotti-Clausius theory of dielectrics” and passed the exam for the first academic degree. Upon returning to Russia in 1892, he received a position at Moscow University as an assistant in the laboratory of Professor A. G. Stoletov.

The series of works carried out by Kundt was included in Lebedev’s master’s thesis “On the ponderomotive action of waves on resonators” presented in 1900, for which he was immediately (an exceptional case!) awarded the degree of Doctor of Physics. Soon he was approved as a professor at Moscow University.

Scientific activity

Not without some opposition from some of his colleagues, Lebedev began to actively conduct experimental work. By that time, he had already gained fame and experience as one of the first researchers to rely on Maxwell's theory. Back in 1895, he created an installation for generating and receiving electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of 6 mm and 4 mm, and studied reflection, refraction, polarization, interference, etc.

In 1899, P. N. Lebedev, with the help of masterly experiments, although performed with modest means, confirmed Maxwell’s theoretical prediction about the pressure of light on solids, and in 1907 - on gases (the discovery of the effect of light pressure). This research was an important milestone in the science of electromagnetic phenomena. One of the prominent physicists of that time, William Thomson, said: “All my life I fought with Maxwell, not recognizing his light pressure, and now< … >Lebedev made me surrender to his experiments.”

P. N. Lebedev also dealt with issues of the action of electromagnetic waves on resonators and, in connection with these studies, put forward deep considerations regarding intermolecular interactions, and paid attention to issues of acoustics, in particular hydroacoustics.

Studying the pressure of light on gases prompted Lebedev to become interested in the origin of comet tails.

Not limiting himself to research activities, P. N. Lebedev devotes a lot of effort to creating a scientific school, which was essentially the first in Russia and the emergence of which continues to be felt to this day. By 1905, about twenty of his young students were already working in the laboratory, who were later destined to play a prominent role in the development of physics in Russia. Of these, it is appropriate to name first of all

LEBEDEV PETER NIKOLAEVICH

Lebedev, Pyotr Nikolaevich - famous physicist (1866 - 1912). Born on February 24, 1866 in Moscow, into a merchant family. He received his primary education at the Petropavlovsk German school and at a private real school; For three years he was a student at the Imperial Technical School. Feeling a calling to pure science, Lebedev left school in 1887, where he perfectly studied turning and metalworking and acquired skills in designing complex instruments, which turned out to be very useful for his future activities. Lebedev received his higher education from Kundt at the Strasbourg Institute of Physics, then from him in Berlin, where he also attended lectures on theoretical physics by Helmholtz. Returning to Strasbourg, Lebedev prepared there, under the guidance of F. Kohlrausch, his doctoral work: “On the measurement of dielectric constant vapors and on the Mossotti-Clausius theory of dielectrics” (1891). At the same time, Lebedev undertook the study of theories of comet tails and then already came to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe pressure of radiant energy and the possibility of its experimental proof. In 1891, Lebedev received a position as an assistant under A.G. Stoletov in Moscow and began an experimental study of the ponderomotive effect of different waves on resonators. For this work, the summary results of which were published in 1892, Lebedev received a doctorate from Moscow University without a master's exam and without submitting a dissertation for a master's degree, and a year later he received a professorship at Moscow University. Carrying out the work “On the double refraction of rays of electric force” (1895), he discovered the shortest electromagnetic waves that have been obtained so far. Lebedev's brilliant experimental talent was fully reflected in his further work, when he began to implement the main task of his life - the proof of light pressure. In 1900, Lebedev published the first report on the positive results of his experiments on the pressure of light on solids, and in 1901 - the classic “Experimental Study of Light Pressure”. Only in 1910, after countless experiments, after he had built and investigated more than 20 final instruments alone, Lebedev proved the pressure of light on gases (Journal of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society, 1910). In 1911, Lebedev, together with other professors, left Moscow University and had to move his activities to a small laboratory, set up with private funds in rented premises. In recent years, Lebedev has worked a lot on the issue of the movement of the earth in the ether, tried to find out the causes of terrestrial magnetism and expressed extremely bold original ideas on this issue. The experiments he carried out gave negative results ("Magnetometric studies of rotating bodies. First message", "Journal of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society", 1911), but further work was interrupted by death. Lebedev died on March 1, 1912 from heart disease. - In addition to purely scientific works, Lebedev did a lot of popularizing the latest acquisitions in physics in speeches and articles. Lebedev's great merit was the creation of an entire school of young Russian physicists who worked in his laboratory under his talented and skillful leadership. He was the founder and chairman of the Moscow Physical Society, which now bears his name. In 1913, this society published Lebedev’s “Collected Works” (M., with his biography and a complete list of works). Lebedev's two works on light pressure were published in 1913 by P. Lazarev, in "Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften". Detailed biographies were written by I. I. Borgman ("New Ideas in Physics", ¦ 4, St. Petersburg, 1912) and P. P. Lazarev, his closest student (Journal of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society).

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev (1866–1912)

Petr Nikolaevich Lebedev (1866–1912)

P. N. Lebedev entered the history of world science as a most skillful experimenter - a physicist who first discovered and measured the pressure of light. He was the first organizer of the work of large research laboratories, which have become a model for scientific institutes today.

P. N. Lebedev was born on March 8, 1866 in Moscow into a cultured merchant family. After studying at a real school, P. N. Lebedev entered the Moscow Technical School. The archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences contain large notebooks of the young man P. N. Lebedev - evidence of his extraordinary inventive abilities. Without graduating from the Technical School, P. N. Lebedev went abroad in 1887, to the University of Strasbourg, to study physics.

Here he worked for the famous German physicist and experimentalist August Kundt.

A. Kundt did not stay in Strasbourg for long. In 1888, he received a department in Berlin, and P. N. Lebedev followed him. Here, in addition to studying with A. Kundt, P. N. Lebedev listened to theoretical lectures by the German scientist G. Helmholtz.

While studying in a real school as a child, P. N. Lebedev did not study Latin. Therefore, he was unable to pass the doctoral exam in Berlin, where knowledge of ancient languages was necessary. I had to return to Strasbourg - Latin was not required there. In Strasbourg, P. N. Lebedev quickly completed his experimental dissertation work, passed the exams and received a doctorate.

From the surviving letters of P. N. Lebedev dating back to this period of his life, it is clear that he wrote a lot then and thought about even more in addition to his doctoral work. His studies on the theory of comet tails date back to 1890. These studies became the beginning of the main work of his life - research on light pressure.

Seneca also knew that comet tails deviate from the Sun. I. Kepler, I. Newton and others suggested that the cause of this deviation could be the mechanical pressure of light. In the 18th century they tried to discover it experimentally and actually found it. In fact, it turned out, however, that the observed phenomena had nothing to do with light pressure.

At the end of the 18th century, the physicist and astronomer A. Haratsaker pointed out, for example, that, according to travelers, the sun's rays, with their pressure, slow down the movement of the Danube. All these, however, were only assumptions, and only D. Maxwell, on the basis of his electromagnetic theory of light, found the theoretical value of the pressure of light. D. Maxwell's calculations were more realistic, but there were serious errors.

P. N. Lebedev took on this most difficult task. In 1891, his note “On the repulsive force of ray-emitting bodies” appeared. In it, based on known data on solar radiation, P. N. Lebedev proves that the deflection of cometary tails can indeed be explained by light pressure.

“I seem to have made a very important discovery in the theory of the motion of luminaries, especially comets.” In modern astrophysics, the enormous role of light pressure as a cosmic factor, along with Newtonian attraction, becomes obvious” (from a letter from P. N. Lebedev).

P. N. Lebedev returned full of plans to Moscow in 1891.

He receives a position as an assistant at Moscow University at the department of Professor A.G. Stoletov and, in very difficult conditions, sets up his laboratory, remaining cheerful and full of creative energy.

Three years later, in 1894, the first part of his large work appeared, which later became a doctoral dissertation. Due to the exceptional qualities of the work, P. N. Lebedev was awarded a doctorate without first defending a master's thesis and corresponding exams - a very rare case in university practice. On the experimental side, the work was an example of thoroughness combined with bold scientific decisions.

The work was completed in 1897. Wave pressure was studied using models. The most important stage lay ahead - to detect and measure the pressure of light in the laboratory.

In 1900, this stage also ended with complete success. The light pressure was found. P. N. Lebedev managed to measure it. In appearance, P. N. Lebedev’s device was simple. The light from the voltaic arc fell on a light wing suspended on a thin thread in a glass balloon from which air had been pumped out, and the light pressure could be judged by the twisting of the thread. In reality, behind this simplicity were hidden countless difficulties overcome. P. N. Lebedev could rightfully and proudly end his message with a short phrase: “Thus, the existence of pressure forces has been experimentally established for rays of light.”

The experiments of P. N. Lebedev brought him worldwide fame and forever inscribed his name in the history of experimental physics. In Russia, he received a prize from the Academy of Sciences for these experiments and was then elected a corresponding member of the academy. The impression that P. N. Lebedev’s experiments made on the scientific world is evidenced, for example, by the words of the famous English physicist Lord Kelvin, said to the famous Russian scientist K. A. Timiryazev: “You, perhaps, know that I have fought all my life with Maxwell, not recognizing his light pressure, and now your Lebedev made me surrender to his experiments.”

However, P. N. Lebedev did not consider the work completed. For cosmic phenomena, the main significance is not the pressure on solid bodies, but the pressure on rarefied gases consisting of isolated molecules. The experimental problem facing P. N. Lebedev was this time even more difficult than the previous one, and attempts to solve it lasted ten years. But this time too, the experimental art of P. N. Lebedev overcame all difficulties. P. N. Lebedev’s new experiments, published in 1910, were greeted with delight by the world physics community. The British Royal Institution elected P. N. Lebedev as an honorary member. The brilliant experimental physicist V. Vin wrote in a letter to the Russian physicist V. A. Mikhelson that P. N. Lebedev mastered “the art of experimentation to an extent like hardly anyone else in our time.”

This was the end of P. N. Lebedev’s work on light pressure. The premature death of the scientist interrupted it.

At Moscow University, P. N. Lebedev paid main attention to the research work of his students and employees. His first lecture to beginning students always contained a call to become researchers without fear of difficulties. For the first time in Russia, he dared to organize a physics laboratory with a relatively large number of employees. In 1901, only three people worked for him, in 1910 the number of workers reached 28. If we take into account that all the topics of work were given and carefully thought out (down to the drawings of instruments) by P. N. Lebedev himself, that there were no laboratory assistants, mechanics and the workers themselves were glassblowers, that the laboratory's funds and equipment were extremely limited, that it was located in a damp basement, then the enormous stress and energy required from P. N. Lebedev to manage this laboratory will become clear. Meanwhile, year after year excellent works came out of it, many of which felt the masterful hand of the teacher. P. N. Lebedev became the pioneer of a remarkable and completely new thing for Russia - large-scale collective research work. Subsequently, in 1911, in a newspaper article “Russian Society and Russian National Laboratories”, published in “Russian Gazette”, P. N. Lebedev outlined in some detail his point of view and arguments regarding the benefits and necessity of creating large research laboratories.

In 1911, as a sign of protest against the actions of the Minister of Education, P. N. Lebedev resigned, and along with him, his employees who worked in his laboratory left the university. A huge business was destroyed. P. N. Lebedev immediately received invitations from foreign scientific institutions. In particular, the director of the physicochemical laboratory of the Nobel Institute in Stockholm, Professor Arrhenius, wrote to him: “Naturally, it would be a great honor for the Nobel Institute if you wished to settle and work there, and we, without a doubt, would provide you with all the necessary funds , so that you have the opportunity to continue working... You, of course, would receive a completely free position, as this corresponds to your rank in science.” But P. N. Lebedev refused all these proposals. He remained in his homeland and, in extremely difficult conditions, using private funds and public assistance, he organized a new physics laboratory. A basement was rented in Dead Lane in Moscow, where in 1911 his laboratory was located in several rooms. Here he completed his last experimental work.

Private donors raised funds for the construction of a new physics institute for P. N. Lebedev according to a plan drawn up by himself. This institute, however, was completed only in 1916, four years after the death of P. N. Lebedev. This building currently belongs to the Academy of Sciences; it houses the P. N. Lebedev Physics Institute.

On March 14, 1912, P. N. Lebedev passed away. He died at the age of 46 and was buried at the Alekseevsky cemetery. In 1935, due to the liquidation of the cemetery, the ashes of P. N. Lebedev were transferred to the Novodevichy Convent Cemetery.

The entire scientific world responded to the death of P. N. Lebedev. Many telegrams and letters were sent from prominent scientists, among whom were Roentgen, Nernst, Arrhenius, Thomson, Warburg, Rubens, Crookes, Curie, Righi and others.

In the person of P. N. Lebedev, Russia has lost not only a great scientist, but also a wonderful organizer of science.

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Lebedev Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev Pyotr Nikolaevich

(1866-1912), physicist, creator of the first Russian scientific school of physicists. Professor at Moscow University (1900-11), resigned in protest against the oppression of students. First received (1895) and studied millimeter electromagnetic waves. Discovered and measured the pressure of light on solids (1899) and gases (1907), quantitatively confirming the electromagnetic theory of light. The Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences bears the name of Lebedev.

LEBEDEV Petr Nikolaevich

LEBEDEV Petr Nikolaevich (1866-1912), Russian physicist, creator of the first Russian scientific school of physicists. Professor at Moscow University (1900-11), resigned in protest against the harassment of students. First received (1895) and studied millimeter electromagnetic waves. Discovered and measured the pressure of light on solids (1900) and gases (1908), quantitatively confirming the electromagnetic theory of light. The Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences bears the name of Lebedev.
* * *
LEBEDEV Petr Nikolaevich, Russian experimental physicist, who was the first to experimentally confirm the presence of light pressure, the creator of the first Russian school of physicists.
Years of study
Lebedev was born into a merchant family. He became interested in physics in his youth, but since access to the university was closed for him as a graduate of a real school, he entered the Moscow Higher Technical School. Subsequently, Lebedev said that familiarity with technology turned out to be very useful to him in the design of experimental installations.
In 1887, without graduating from the Technical School, Lebedev went to Germany, to the laboratory of the famous German physicist A. Kundt (cm. KUNDT August Adolf Eduard Eberhard), for whom he worked first in Strasbourg (1887-88), and then in Berlin (1889-90). In 1891, having written a dissertation “On the measurement of dielectric constant vapors and on the Mossoti-Clausius theory of dielectrics,” he passed the exam for the first academic degree.
Return to Russia
Upon his return to Russia in 1891, Lebedev received a position at Moscow University as an assistant in the laboratory of Professor A. G. Stoletov (cm. STOLETOV Alexander Grigorievich). The series of works carried out by Kundt was included in Lebedev’s master’s thesis “On the ponderomotive action of waves on resonators” presented in 1899, which was so highly appreciated that Lebedev was immediately awarded the degree of Doctor of Physics. In 1900 he was approved as a professor at Moscow University, where he organized a laboratory. Not without some opposition from some colleagues, Lebedev began to actively conduct experimental work. By this time, he had already gained fame and experience as one of the first researchers to rely on the theory of J. C. Maxwell (cm. MAXWELL James Clerk). Back in 1895, Lebedev created the finest installation for generating and receiving electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of 6 and 4 mm, and studied reflection, refraction, polarization, interference of these waves and other phenomena.
Light pressure
In 1900, Lebedev, with the help of masterly experiments, although performed with modest means, confirmed Maxwell’s theoretical prediction about the pressure of light on solids, and in 1908 - on gases. This was an important milestone in the science of electromagnetic phenomena. Famous English physicist W. Thomson (cm. THOMSON William) belong to the words: “All my life I fought with Maxwell, did not recognize his light pressure, and now... Lebedev forced me to surrender to his experiments.”
Lebedev also studied the effect of electromagnetic waves on resonators and, in connection with these studies, put forward deep considerations regarding intermolecular interactions, and studied issues of acoustics, in particular hydroacoustics. Studying the pressure of light on gases prompted Lebedev to become interested in the origin of comet tails.
The first scientific physics school in Russia
Not limiting himself to research activities, Lebedev devoted a lot of effort to creating a scientific physics school, which, in essence, was the first in Russia. By 1905, his laboratory already included about twenty young scientists who were destined to play a prominent role in the development of physics in Russia. Lebedev’s assistant and closest assistant was P. P. Lazarev (cm. LAZAREV Petr Petrovich), who after the death of his teacher became the head of the laboratory, and in 1916 - the director of the first Research Institute of Physics in Moscow, from which S. I. Vavilov came (cm. VAVILOV Sergei Ivanovich), G. A. Gamburtsev (cm. GAMBURTSEV Grigory Alexandrovich), A. L. Mints (cm. MINTs Alexander Lvovich), P. A. Rebinder (cm. REBINDER Petr Alexandrovich), V.V. Shuleikin (cm. SHULEYKIN Vasily Vladimirovich), E. V. Shpolsky (cm. SHPOLSKY Eduard Vladimirovich) and others. The Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow is named after P. N. Lebedev.
Latest experiments
Lebedev's experiments required the use of carefully thought-out, sometimes quite complex, “mechanics”. This sometimes gave rise to absurd reproaches that Lebedev “reduced science to the level of technology.” However, Lebedev himself considered the issue of the connection between science and technology to be very important.
Lebedev's last cycle of research is still underestimated. These studies were aimed at testing the hypothesis of the English physicist Sutherland regarding the redistribution of charges in conductors under the influence of gravity. In celestial bodies, planets and stars, according to Sutherland, electrons are “squeezed out” from the internal regions (where the pressure is high) to the surface, due to which the internal regions are charged positively, and the surface of the bodies is negatively charged. The rotation of bodies, together with the charges redistributed in them, should generate magnetic fields. Thus, a physical explanation was proposed for the origin of the magnetic fields of the Sun, Earth and other celestial bodies.
Sutherland's hypothesis did not have a reliable theoretical basis at that time, and therefore the experiment planned by Lebedev to test it acquired particular importance. Realizing that centrifugal forces, like gravitational ones, should cause a redistribution of charges, Lebedev put forward a simple but very ingenious idea: if Sutherland’s hypothesis is correct, then a magnetic field should arise with the rapid rotation of electrically neutral bodies. It is precisely this “magnetization by rotation” that experiment was supposed to reveal.
The work took place in very difficult conditions. In 1911, in protest against the reactionary actions of the Minister of Public Education L. A. Kasso (cm. CASSO Lev Aristideovich) Lebedev, together with other progressive teachers, decides to leave Moscow University. As a result, the very subtle experiment that he conducted in the basement of the physics department was crumpled. The desired effect could not be found. The reason for the failure was not the lack of effect, but the insufficient sensitivity of the installation: the estimates for magnetic fields that Lebedev was guided by and which were based on the work of Sutherland turned out to be significantly overestimated. At Shanyavsky University, using private funds, Lebedev created a new physics laboratory, but did not have time to continue his research. Lebedev suffered from heart disease and once, while still relatively young, experienced clinical death: his heart suddenly stopped while he was rowing a boat, but then they managed to bring him back to life. He lived only 48 years.

encyclopedic Dictionary. 2009 .

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This term has other meanings, see Lebedev. Coordinates: Coordinates: 47°18′00″ ... Wikipedia

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Benign diseases of the uterus, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Lebedev, Alexander Nikolaevich Strizhakov, Alexander Ilgizirovich Davydov, Vladimir Mikhailovich Pashkov, In this edition, revised and expanded, a number of aspects relating to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with uterine fibroids and adenomyosis have been revised. The long-term results of organ-saving… Category: Textbooks for universities Series: Library of a medical specialist Publisher: GEOTAR-Media, Manufacturer:

The creator of the first Russian scientific school of physicists was Peter Nikolaevich Lebedev. Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev biography Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev short biography

Lebedev Petr Nikolaevich

February 24, 1866 - March 01, 1912

outstanding Russian experimental physicist, the first to experimentally confirm Maxwell's conclusion about the presence of light pressure, founder of Russia's first scientific physics school, professor at Moscow University

Biography

Education

Scientific activity

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what PETER NIKOLAEVICH LEBEDEV is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev (1866–1912)

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Lebedev Petr Nikolaevich

February 24, 1866 - March 01, 1912

outstanding Russian experimental physicist, the first to experimentally confirm Maxwell's conclusion about the presence of light pressure, founder of Russia's first scientific physics school, professor at Moscow University

Biography

Education

Scientific activity

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what PETER NIKOLAEVICH LEBEDEV is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

Pyotr Nikolaevich Lebedev (1866–1912)

See what “Lebedev Pyotr Nikolaevich” is in other dictionaries:

Books

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