Primary school teacher Savelyeva Olga Borisovna
Subject: Poems of Russian poets. S. D. Drozhzhin “The buds have blossomed, the forest has begun to stir...”, I. Z. Surikov “Morning”.
Target:
· Introduce students to the works of Russian classical poetry - the poems by S. D. Drozhzhin “The buds bloomed, the forest began to stir...” and I. Z. Surikov “Morning.”
Let's help our tongues get ready for work and train them.
(The students, together with the teacher, repeat the syllables and words written on the board 1st time - slowly, 2nd time - more quickly, 3rd time - at a fast pace)
Yes, yes, yes, there is water outside,
Tu-tu-tu - I'll sweep the floor,
Doo-doo-doo - I'm going home
You-you-you are green bushes,
Dy-duh-duh - came out of the water.
III.Examination homework .
(Students recite poems by heart: V. A. Zhukovsky’s “Lark” and A. N. Pleshcheev’s “Spring.”)
The teacher invites students to take part in the analysis and evaluation of recitation.
IV.Acquaintance with new works.
1. Poem by S. D. Drozhzhin “The buds blossomed, the forest began to stir...”
a) Introductory conversation.
We just read poems about spring. What season follows spring? ( summer)
DDLРHRОFJжZжVQИIGNН
/having completed the task, children receive the surname “Drozhzhin”/
The first poem was written by Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. /the teacher hangs a portrait of the poet on the board/ Quite recently, we have already begun to get acquainted with the work of this Russian poet. What do you remember about him?
(Spiridon Drozhzhin is a self-taught poet. Born into the family of a poor serf peasant. From childhood he was forced to earn his living. S. D. Drozhzhin was engaged in peasant labor and is dedicated to the work and life of peasants, Russian nature and love for the motherland.)
What time of year did we recently read a poem about by this Russian poet? (about autumn)
- Guys, some of S. Drozhzhin’s poems set to music are perceived as folk songs. He felt nature so well.
Now I will read another poem by this poet. Listen carefully and tell me what it is about.
b) Primary perception.
The teacher reads the poem:
The buds have blossomed, the forest has begun to stir,
The bright rays made him all rich.
On its edge of fragrant grass
A silver lily of the valley looked out into the sun,
And they opened meekly from the spring caress
Sweet forget-me-not blue eyes.
What do you think inspired the poet to create this poem? ( nature, its transformation, the appearance of beautiful flowers)
What is this poem about? ( about summer, about how they blossomed
flowers, about sunrise).
Open the textbooks on p. 55 and find a poem by Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Look at the pictures and tell me what kind of flowers are shown next to the text? ( on the left is lily of the valley, on the right is forget-me-not)
And when do they bloom? ( late spring - early summer)
In this poem, we guys seem to be watching how spring turns into summer. Have you ever observed something like this in nature? (Children's answers)
What do you like best about summer nature? (Children's answers)
(About myself)
Now you will read the poem yourself.
Independent reading task:
Think about it, if you were drawing an illustration for this poem, what colors would you definitely use?
Poor reading students read long, complex words on the board with the teacher:
Let go
For-she-ve-li-sya
O-zo-lo-til-xia
Ok-heaven-not
Silver
G) Relaxation. Exercise "Turtle"
Imagine that you are little turtles. The weather is good and you are sitting on a pebble and basking in the gentle rays of the sun and dreaming of something good. (Children take a position comfortable for relaxation and close their eyes.)
But danger is approaching! This is a turtle hunter. (Children, carefully grouping their bodies, tense their muscles.)
But now the danger has passed and the turtles can bask in the sun again.
/Grouping exercise is repeated 2-3 times/
e) Analysis of the poem.
Palettes and paper mugs lie in front of you different color– paints. Select the colors you would use for your drawing and place them on your palette.
So, what colors would you use for your drawing? (golden, silver-white, blue, green). /When checking, the teacher attaches circles of the colors that the children name to a large palette./
Prove this with words from the text.
(the forest... all with bright rays got rich; Lily of the valley looked out into the sun silver; dear forget-me-not blue eyes.)
-Why green? /It talks about grass, and it is green/
How do you understand the words:
“the forest began to stir” - rustled from the wind, birds and animals woke up
“I got all rich with rays” - the sun illuminated it, and it became as if golden
“they opened meekly to the caress of spring” - blossomed under the rays of the warm spring sun
How does the poet convey his attitude towards forget-me-nots? ( with kind words -
"Dear forget-me-not blue eyes"
What can we learn from S. D. Drozhzhin? (native nature, admire it)
f) Exercise on expressive reading of a poem.
The sun will just wake up in the morning,
The butterfly circles and curls.
(Spin around)
2. Poem by I. Z. Surikov “Morning”.
a) Introductory conversation.
The following poem was written by Ivan Zakharovich Surikov. /The teacher shows a portrait of the writer/ Let’s listen to a short message about him. /A trained student talks about the poet/
Ivan Zakharovich Surikov was born into a peasant family. When he was 20 years old, he met Alexei Nikolaevich Pleshcheev, who helped him publish his first poems. main topic the poet - the life of poor village people, the beauty of nature, imbued with sadness and sympathy for the hardships and sorrows of peasant life.
b) Primary perception of the work. Melodeclamation.
The teacher reads the poem, and at the same time an audio recording of E. Grieg’s “Morning” is played.
Did you like the poem? What did you like? (Children's answers)
Do you know whose music was playing now? (Children's answers)
This wonderful music was written by the famous Edvard Grieg. /The teacher shows the children a portrait of the composer/
Why do you think I chose this music to illustrate the poem? (It conveys the mood of the poem well, they are written about the same thing)
Yes, guys, these works have a common theme. What was the poem about? (about morning)
- What would you call Grieg's work? (Sunrise, morning)
- Yes, it’s called “Morning”. What is “morning”? (Time of day from sunrise to noon)
V) Independent reading poems by students(About myself)
Read the poem carefully to yourself. When reading, underline words whose meaning you do not understand.
Were there any words in the poem whose meaning was not clear to you?
/If children find it difficult to give the correct definition of words from a poem, then the teacher gives them to read the definitions on pieces of paper/:
Emerald - mineral, gem Green colour.
Turquoise – mineral, gemstone of bright blue color.
Cane – cereal, herbaceous plant, which forms thickets along the banks of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water. /show picture or reed stalk/
Ravine – recess with steep slopes in the ground, formed due to its erosion by streams./show picture/
Pipe – musical instrument, pipe, flute. /show picture/
Cart - a vehicle to which a horse was harnessed.
Used by peasants to transport people and goods ./Picture/
e) Analysis of the poem.
Where do we meet morning in this poem? (in the village)
How do we imagine morning at first? (quiet, bright)
Give examples from the text.
· Quiet - The sun rises quietly, and everything around is quiet, everything is sleeping sound sleep, the forest does not rustle, the rye does not sway, the free wind sleeps;)
· Bright – The dawn is shining brightly, the field and lake are sparkling... sparkling and burning with bright lights.
When does everything change? (After the rooster crows)
What's happening? (the world around is filled with sounds)
Remember Grieg's melody - in it, too, the volume gradually increases.
What sounds are added to the rooster's crow? /the shepherd began to play, the gate slammed, noise, movement, knocking, the cart rattled, the mill knocked, a flock of birds screamed/
- Look at the illustrations and match them with lines from the poem
How does the poem end? (“A noisy day has come”)
What does it mean? (That the morning is over.)
What did the poet want to say by writing this poem? (How beautiful nature is in the morning, how bright it is, that in the village life begins early in the morning)
e) Exercise on the expressiveness of reading a poem.
We got acquainted with the previous poem, we tried to use different intonation. What intonation is appropriate for this poem? (description of the morning is joyful, but at the same time mysterious, enigmatic)
f) Reading a poem (buzzing), preparing for expressive reading.
and) Expressive reading poems (3 students in a chain)
VI. Lesson summary. Reflection. Grading.
What did we read poems about today? (about summer, morning, flowers)
What poets wrote them? ( S. D. Drozhzhin and I. Z. Surikov)
What did we learn in class today? ( read expressively)
What new did you learn?
On your desks there are pictures with the sun and a cloud. If you were interested in the lesson, raise the sun, and if not, raise the cloud.
The teacher announces grades for the lesson.
VII. Homework.
Expressive reading of poems read in class. (Some students receive individual task– learn S. D. Drozhzhin’s poem by heart.) Complete the task on p.57
Beautiful poems about spring are a kind of double statement of fact. Poems written with soul cannot be ugly. And the poems about spring in all its colors are simply the apogee. So enjoy the beauty of both spring and poetry.
Spring waters(Fedor Tyutchev)
The snow is still white in the fields,
And in the spring the waters are noisy -
They run and wake up the sleepy shore,
They run and shine and shout...
They say all over:
"Spring is coming, spring is coming,
We are messengers of young spring,
She sent us ahead!
Spring is coming, spring is coming,
And quiet, warm May days
Ruddy, bright round dance
The crowd cheerfully follows her!..
If the snow is melting everywhere(E. Karganova)
If the snow is melting everywhere,
The day is getting longer
If everything turns green
And a stream rings in the fields,
If the wind gets warmer,
If the birds can't sleep,
If the sun shines brighter,
This means spring has come to us.
The buds have blossomed(S. D. Drozhzhin)
The buds have blossomed, the forest has begun to stir,
The bright rays made him all rich.
On its outskirts of fragrant grass
A silver lily of the valley looked out into the sun,
And they opened meekly from the spring caress
Sweet forget-me-not blue eyes.
Spring(I. S. Nikitin)
Look, spring is coming,
Cranes fly in a caravan.
The day is drowning in bright gold,
And the streams in the ravines are noisy.
Soon you will have guests,
Look how many nests they will build!
What sounds, what songs will flow,
Day after day from dawn to dusk!
Spring meeting(S. Yesenin)
The silver river flows quietly
In the kingdom of evening green spring.
The sun sets behind the forested mountains,
A golden horn emerges from the moon.
The West is covered with a pink ribbon,
The plowman returned to the hut from the fields,
And beyond the road in the birch thicket
The nightingale sang a song of love.
Listens affectionately to deep songs
From the west the dawn is like a pink ribbon.
Looks tenderly at the distant stars
And the earth smiles at the sky.
Russian spring(I. A. Bunin)
The birch trees are boring in the hollows,
Foggy haze in the fields,
Soggy horse manure
The road turns black in the fog
In a sleepy steppe village
Smelling breads are baked.
Slowly two beggars
They wander through the village.
There, in the middle of the street, there are puddles,
Ash and spring dirt,
There's a fumes in the huts, and outside
The rubble is smoldering and smoking.
Squinting, he sits by the barn
Shepherd on a rusty chain.
The huts are dark from fumes,
Foggy and quiet - in the steppe.
Only the rooster is carefree
He sings of spring all day long.
It's warm and drowsy in the field,
And there is happy laziness in the heart.
Great ones about poetry:
Poetry is like painting: some works will captivate you more if you look at them closely, and others if you move further away.
Small cutesy poems irritate the nerves more than the creaking of unoiled wheels.
The most valuable thing in life and in poetry is what has gone wrong.
Marina Tsvetaeva
Of all the arts, poetry is the most susceptible to the temptation to replace its own peculiar beauty with stolen splendors.
Humboldt V.
Poems are successful if they are created with spiritual clarity.
The writing of poetry is closer to worship than is usually believed.
If only you knew from what rubbish poems grow without shame... Like a dandelion on a fence, like burdocks and quinoa.
A. A. Akhmatova
Poetry is not only in verses: it is poured out everywhere, it is all around us. Look at these trees, at this sky - beauty and life emanate from everywhere, and where there is beauty and life, there is poetry.
I. S. Turgenev
For many people, writing poetry is a growing pain of the mind.
G. Lichtenberg
A beautiful verse is like a bow drawn through the sonorous fibers of our being. The poet makes our thoughts sing within us, not our own. By telling us about the woman he loves, he delightfully awakens in our souls our love and our sorrow. He's a magician. By understanding him, we become poets like him.
Where graceful poetry flows, there is no room for vanity.
Murasaki Shikibu
I turn to Russian versification. I think that over time we will turn to blank verse. There are too few rhymes in the Russian language. One calls the other. The flame inevitably drags the stone behind it. It is through feeling that art certainly emerges. Who is not tired of love and blood, difficult and wonderful, faithful and hypocritical, and so on.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin
-...Are your poems good, tell me yourself?
- Monstrous! – Ivan suddenly said boldly and frankly.
- Do not write anymore! – the newcomer asked pleadingly.
- I promise and swear! - Ivan said solemnly...
Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. "Master and Margarita"
We all write poetry; poets differ from others only in that they write in their words.
John Fowles. "The French Lieutenant's Mistress"
Every poem is a veil stretched over the edges of a few words. These words shine like stars, and because of them the poem exists.
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok
Ancient poets, unlike modern ones, rarely wrote more than a dozen poems during their long lives. This is understandable: they were all excellent magicians and did not like to waste themselves on trifles. Therefore, behind every poetic work of those times there is certainly hidden an entire Universe, filled with miracles - often dangerous for those who carelessly awaken the dozing lines.
Max Fry. "Chatty Dead"
I gave one of my clumsy hippopotamuses this heavenly tail:...
Mayakovsky! Your poems do not warm, do not excite, do not infect!
- My poems are not a stove, not a sea, and not a plague!
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky
Poems are our inner music, clothed in words, permeated with thin strings of meanings and dreams, and therefore, drive away the critics. They are just pathetic sippers of poetry. What can a critic say about the depths of your soul? Don't let his vulgar groping hands in there. Let poetry seem to him like an absurd moo, a chaotic pile-up of words. For us, this is a song of freedom from a boring mind, a glorious song sounding on the snow-white slopes of our amazing soul.
Boris Krieger. "A Thousand Lives"
Poems are the thrill of the heart, the excitement of the soul and tears. And tears are nothing more than pure poetry that has rejected the word.
Primary school teacher Olga Borisovna Savelyeva
Subject: Poems of Russian poets. S.D. Drozhzhin “The buds have blossomed, the forest has begun to stir...”, I.Z. Surikov “Morning”.
Target:
- Introduce students to works of Russian classical poetry - the poems by S.D. Drozhzhin “The buds have blossomed, the forest has stirred...” and I.Z. Surikov “Morning”.
- give an idea of the pictures of the onset of summer, connecting reading with direct observations;
- developing the ability to work on expressive reading of poems;
- development of speech, memory, attention, logical thinking students;
- broadening the horizons of students;
- improving reading skills;
- nurturing interest and love for poetry and music;
- fostering attention, love and respect for nature;
- improving sanitary and hygienic skills;
Equipment:
- Demo material: subject and subject pictures, portraits of poets, colored mugs and cardboard palette (large)
- TCO: tape recorder, recording of “Morning” by E. Grieg,
- Handout: cards with words for vocabulary work, cards with suns and clouds, colored circles and cardboard palettes;
During the classes:
I. Organizational moment.
Today on a cold winter day we will dream about the future. Dreams should be pleasant, so let's look at each other, at our desk neighbor and smile.
II. Articulation gymnastics.
Let's help our tongues get ready for work and train them.
(The students, together with the teacher, repeat the syllables and words written on the board 1st time - slowly, 2nd time - more quickly, 3rd time - at a fast pace)
Ta-ta-ta-hot stove,
Yes, yes, yes, there is water outside,
I'll sweep the floor here and there,
Doo-doo-doo - I'm going home
You-you-you are green bushes,
Dy-dy-dy- came out of the water.
III.Checking homework.
(Students recite poems by heart: V.A. Zhukovsky’s “Lark” and A.N. Pleshcheev’s “Spring.”)
The teacher invites students to take part in the analysis and evaluation of recitation.
IV.Acquaintance with new works.
1. Poem by S.D. Drozhzhin “The buds blossomed, the forest began to stir...”
a) Introductory conversation.
We just read poems about spring. What season follows spring? ( summer)
DDLРHRОFJжZжVQИIGNН
/having completed the task, children receive the surname “Drozhzhin”/
The first poem was written by Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. /the teacher hangs a portrait of the poet on the board/ Quite recently, we have already begun to get acquainted with the work of this Russian poet. What do you remember about him?
(Spiridon Drozhzhin is a self-taught poet. Born into the family of a poor serf peasant. From childhood he was forced to earn his living. S.D. Drozhzhin was engaged in peasant labor and his poetry is dedicated to the work and life of peasants, Russian nature and love for the motherland.)
What time of year did we recently read a poem about by this Russian poet? (about autumn)
- Guys, some of S. Drozhzhin’s poems set to music are perceived as Russian folk songs. He felt nature so well.
Now I will read another poem by this poet. Listen carefully and tell me what it is about.
b) Primary perception.
The teacher reads the poem:
The buds have blossomed, the forest has begun to stir,
The bright rays made him all rich.
On its edge of fragrant grass
A silver lily of the valley looked out into the sun,
And they opened meekly from the spring caress
Sweet forget-me-not blue eyes.
What do you think inspired the poet to create this poem? ( the beauty of nature, its transformation, the appearance of beautiful flowers)
What is this poem about? ( about summer, about how they blossomed
flowers, about sunrise).
Open the textbooks on p. 55 and find a poem by Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Look at the pictures and tell me what kind of flowers are shown next to the text? ( on the left is lily of the valley, on the right is forget-me-not)
And when do they bloom? ( late spring - early summer)
In this poem, we guys seem to be watching how spring turns into summer. Have you ever observed something like this in nature? (Children's answers)
What do you like best about summer nature? (Children's answers)
(About myself)
Now you will read the poem yourself.
Independent reading task:
Think about it, if you were drawing an illustration for this poem, what colors would you definitely use?
Poor reading students read long, complex words on the board with the teacher:
They have dissolved
For-she-ve-li-sya
O-zo-lo-til-xia
Ok-heaven-not
Silver
G) Relaxation. Exercise "Turtle"
Imagine that you are little turtles. The weather is good and you are sitting on a pebble and basking in the gentle rays of the sun and dreaming of something good. (Children take a position comfortable for relaxation and close their eyes.)
But danger is approaching! This is a turtle hunter. (Children, carefully grouping their bodies, tense their muscles.)
But now the danger has passed and the turtles can bask in the sun again.
/Grouping exercise is repeated 2-3 times/
e) Analysis of the poem.
In front of you are palettes and paper mugs of different colors - paints. Select the colors you would use for your drawing and place them on your palette.
So, what colors would you use for your drawing? (golden, silver-white, blue, green). /When checking, the teacher attaches circles of the colors that the children name to a large palette./
Prove this with words from the text.
(the forest... all with bright rays got rich; Lily of the valley looked out into the sun silver; dear forget-me-not blue eyes.)
-Why green? /It talks about grass, and it is green/
How do you understand the words:
“the forest began to stir” - rustled from the wind, birds and animals woke up
“I got all rich with the rays” - the sun illuminated it, and it became as if golden
“they opened meekly to the caress of spring” - blossomed under the rays of the warm spring sun
How does the poet convey his attitude towards forget-me-nots? ( with kind words -
"Dear forget-me-not blue eyes"
What can we learn from S. D. Drozhzhin? (Love your native nature, admire it)
f) Exercise on expressive reading of a poem.
Why? What words in the poem make you think of this? (moved, looked out, opened meekly - words denoting leisurely actions)
And now it’s as if you’re surprised./Children are reading/
Now read it as if you were filled with admiration. /Children are reading/
Which intonation option seems most suitable to you?
g) Expressive reading of the poem by students.
2-3 students take turns reading the entire poem, and the teacher and students conduct a subsequent analysis of the reading:
1.Method of reading.
2.Were there any mistakes?
3. Is the poem read expressively, is its mood conveyed during reading?
V. Physical education minute
The flower was sleeping and suddenly woke up
(torso right, left)
I didn't want to sleep anymore
(torso forward, backward)
He moved, stretched,
(Hands up, stretch)
Soared up and flew
(Hands up, left, right)
The sun will just wake up in the morning,
The butterfly circles and curls.
(Spin around)
2. Poem by I.Z. Surikov “Morning”.
a) Introductory conversation.
The following poem was written by Ivan Zakharovich Surikov. /The teacher shows a portrait of the writer/ Let’s listen to a short message about him. /A trained student talks about the poet/
Ivan Zakharovich Surikov was born into a peasant family. When he was 20 years old, he met Alexei Nikolaevich Pleshcheev, who helped him publish his first poems. The poet's main theme is the life of poor village people, the beauty of nature, imbued with sadness and sympathy for the hardships and sorrows of peasant life.
b) Primary perception of the work. Melodeclamation.
The teacher reads the poem, and at the same time an audio recording of E. Grieg’s “Morning” is played.
Did you like the poem? What did you like? (Children's answers)
Do you know whose music was playing now? (Children's answers)
This wonderful music was written by the famous composer Edvard Grieg. /The teacher shows the children a portrait of the composer/
Why do you think I chose this music to illustrate the poem? (It conveys the mood of the poem well, they are written about the same thing)
Yes, guys, these works have a common theme. What was the poem about? (about morning)
- What would you call Grieg's work? (Sunrise, morning)
- Yes, it’s called “Morning”. What is “morning”? (Time of day from sunrise to noon)
c) Independent reading of the poem by students(About myself)
Read the poem carefully to yourself. When reading, underline words whose meaning you do not understand.
d) Vocabulary work.
Were there any words in the poem whose meaning was not clear to you?
/If children find it difficult to give the correct definition of words from a poem, then the teacher gives them to read the definitions on pieces of paper/:
Emerald- mineral, green gemstone.
Turquoise – mineral, gemstone of bright blue color.
Cane - a grass, herbaceous plant that forms thickets along the banks of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water. /show picture or reed stalk/
Ravine - a depression with steep slopes in the ground, formed due to its erosion by streams. /show picture/
Pipe - musical instrument, pipe, flute. /show picture/
Cart - a vehicle to which a horse was harnessed.
Used by peasants to transport people and goods ./Picture/
e) Analysis of the poem.
Where do we meet morning in this poem? (in the village)
How do we imagine morning at first? (quiet, bright)
Give examples from the text.
- Quiet - The sun rises quietly, and everything is quiet all around, everyone is sleeping soundly, the forest does not rustle, the rye does not sway, the free wind sleeps;)
- Bright – The dawn is shining brightly, the field and lake are sparkling... sparkling and burning with bright lights.
What's happening? (the world around is filled with sounds)
Remember Grieg's melody - in it, too, the volume gradually increases.
What sounds are added to the rooster's crow? /the shepherd began to play, the gate slammed, noise, movement, knocking, the cart rattled, the mill knocked, a flock of birds screamed/
- Look at the illustrations and match them with lines from the poem
How does the poem end? (“A noisy day has come”)
What does it mean? (That the morning is over.)
What did the poet want to say by writing this poem? (How beautiful nature is in the morning, how bright it is, that in the village life begins early in the morning)
e) Exercise on the expressiveness of reading a poem.
When we got acquainted with the previous poem, we tried using different intonation. What intonation is appropriate for this poem? (description of the morning is joyful, but at the same time mysterious, enigmatic)
f) Reading a poem (buzzing), preparing for expressive reading.
g) Expressive reading of a poem (3 students in a chain)
VI. Lesson summary. Reflection. Grading.
What did we read poems about today? (about summer, morning, flowers)
What poets wrote them? (S.D. Drozhzhin and I.Z. Surikov)
What did we learn in class today? ( read expressively)
What new did you learn?
On your desks there are pictures with the sun and a cloud. If you were interested in the lesson, raise the sun, and if not, raise the cloud.
The teacher announces grades for the lesson.
VII. Homework.
Expressive reading of poems read in class. (Some students receive an individual task - to learn a poem by S.D. Drozhzhin by heart.) Complete the task on p. 57
The months in Ukrainian are pronounced in a special way. Their names have hardly changed since the times of the ancient Slavs. Each month of the Ukrainian calendar is a natural phenomenon, a certain type of human activity or weather pattern characteristic of a particular time of year. Our ancestors, based on long-term observations and historical signs, had their own calendar.
What do the months sound like in Ukrainian and their translation into Russian?
The Ukrainian calendar, like the Russian one, consists of 12 months with the same number of days in them. The names of the months in Ukrainian are not similar to the pronunciations in Russian, since the Russian calendar borrowed Latin names, and Ukrainian language uses traditional Slavic formulations.
Ukrainian names in Russian:
- January - Sichen;
- February is fierce;
- March - Berezen;
- April - Kviten;
- May - grass;
- June - worm;
- July - Lipen;
- August - serpen;
- September – Spring;
- October - yellow;
- November – leaf fall;
- December - breast.
Etymology of each month of the Ukrainian calendar
Winter is the time of year that begins with slight frosts and ends with severe frosts that do not want to give way to the spring thaw, but gradually fade away. Names of winter months among the ancient Slavs had the following meaning:
- Breast presumably has this name due to the fact that December is characterized by the freezing of the earth into clods or piles that form after autumn rains. They greatly hampered the movement of carts on the roads. There was earth everywhere in the breasts.
- Xichen It’s called that because the frost in January is strong, cutting, and even in January people gradually began to prepare for spring, cutting through the frozen ground, clearing it of branches. That is, “Sicha” - the land acquisition process - was carried out.
- Fierce means that February is fierce very coldy, which is why people believed in the reluctance of winter to give way to spring.
Spring is the time of year that begins with the flow of sap and ends with a riot of grass. The ancient Slavs associated the spring months with the following weather and natural phenomena:
- Berezen speaks for itself - in March the birch buds swell. The name of the month comes from the word “berezol”, which in ancient times meant a trade that involved collecting birch ash necessary for making glass. Such events took place during the thaw in March.
- Kviten comes from the word “Kvitka” (flower), that is, in April everything blooms. This name stuck in the 16th century.
- Traven so called due to the rapid growth of thick grass in May, gaining strength, becoming lush green and thick in May. By this time, the first snowdrops and all other pioneer flowers have faded, and the ground is covered with fresh fragrant grass. The name “traven” has exactly this meaning. It got its name back in the days of Kievan Rus.
Summer is a period of the year accompanied by the birth of all living things, their growth until the harvest. The processes occurring in nature in the summer also found their echoes in the names of the summer months:
- Cherven it is called so because in June worms appear on the fruits; previously, at this time, the red insect worm was born, which was the source of red paint for people, and the word “worm” could form the basis for the name of this month.
- Lipen has this name due to the fact that in July the linden blossoms and the time of honey collection begins.
- Serpen got its name due to the fact that in August the wheat harvest was harvested from the fields with a sickle.
The names of the autumn months of the Ukrainian calendar also have a deep meaning. During this period, evergreen heather begins to bloom, yellow and gradually fall leaves until the first frost. All processes are reflected in the names:
- Veresen takes its name from the squat heather shrub that ripens in September. This name comes from Polesie, which is the birthplace of the famous in those days honey plant- heather.
- Zhovten– one of the most transparent names of the months of the calendar. It is in October that the leaves on the trees actively begin to turn yellow.
- Leaf fall indicates that in November the leaves from the trees are already falling rapidly and it is worth waiting for the winter cold after heavy leaf fall.
Spelling
In the Ukrainian language there are rules for declension of the names of the months of the year. Names ending in -en are written with the ending -nya in combination with the date. It is necessary to take into account that the letter “e” is not written at the end of the word. For example, the date April 2 in Ukrainian sounds like 2 kvitnya. If necessary, writing indicating an event, you need to put the ending “i”. For example, the phrase “in December” is translated into Ukrainian as “in the chest.”
Video
From this video you will learn about the history of the names of the months.
