In order for the communication system for draining wastewater from the house to work fully and make the life of household members more comfortable, it is worth seriously thinking not only about purchasing all the components for it of reliable quality, but also about designing a ventilation system. Otherwise, unpleasant characteristic odors will overcome both all permanent residents of the cottage and temporary guests. And in order to avoid such incidents, you need to install either a special sewer riser or a sewer aerator in your house.

What is such a mechanism, why is it needed and how it works correctly, as well as a lot of interesting information about the aeration system in the house in our material below.

Aerator is

An aerator is a specially designed and manufactured vacuum device designed to eliminate gases formed in the manifold and neutralize characteristic odors by stabilizing the pressure in the manifold. Most often, such a device is known as a vacuum valve or air valve for sewerage.

As a rule, previously, home owners were limited to connecting the ventilation riser to the roof of the house. However, the problem of having an unpleasant odor in the room remained. The gases also invariably hovered within the sanitary rooms, evaporating from the openings of the siphons. In the end, a solution to the problem was found: vacuum aerators for sewerage.

The advantages of such a device are:

• Preventing unpleasant odors from entering the home;
• Preventing possible rodents from entering the house through the drainage system;
• Clear savings in pipeline length and, as a consequence, savings in consumables for collector installation;
• There is no need to route the ventilation riser to the roof or attic in accordance with SNiP;
• Easy installation and maintenance.

Operation of the vacuum device

The principle of operation of the aerator is to stabilize the pressure in the ventilation system. So, at the moment of accumulation of gases in the sewer, the pressure in the pipeline decreases, moving these same gases through the pipeline. In this case, the gas itself will be the primary source of the pungent odor.

At the moment of threat of gas release, the mechanism of the element is activated as follows:

• Creates a damper to prevent gas from entering the room;
• The gas (smell) goes further down the pipe;
• As a result, the pressure stabilizes and the valve removes the damper, continuing to provide oxygen access to the wastewater communication. Thus, the sewer aerator also serves as a pressure stabilizer in the sewer pipeline.

Types of devices

Depending on the installation location, the design of the sewer valve may vary. So, there are two main types of sewerage components:

• Vacuum valve. It is installed in small plumbing fixtures (sinks, sinks, bathtubs, etc.) and has a diameter of 50 mm. The design of the vacuum mechanism has a special ball that plays the role of a locking device. The ball acts on the membrane in the device at the moment when the pressure in the sewerage system drops. A vacuum aerator requires constant availability of fresh air in the communication. The installation of a 50 mm sewer valve is also intended for installation on long horizontal sections of the collector. The 50 mm device allows you to compensate for the discharged pressure in the manifold.
• The cylindrical air element is designed for installation on a sewer drain pipe. Moreover, the diameter of such a device must be at least 110 mm. Such an aerator is activated under the influence of water flow in the communications. The main working unit of the cylindrical mechanism is a spring, which drives it when the pressure in the pipeline drops, as a result of which the amber does not reach the living rooms. The cylindrical aerator is convenient because it is mounted directly into the pipe without changing its parameters. In addition, an air damper with a diameter of 110 mm is relevant for installation on auxiliary risers in the sewerage system.

Places for mounting the element

The vacuum valve is designed for installation in plumbing points in the house. Thus, installation of the device can be carried out depending on the communication needs and the area of ​​the house at the following points:

• Sewage pipe;
• Toilet drainage areas;
• Sinks, sinks, shower drains, etc.

Important: installation of the aerator-sewage system must be carried out strictly in accordance with the arrow pointer on it. So, the arrow should simulate the movement of water in the waste pipeline, as a result of which the aerator will work properly.

Vacuum Valve Installation: Basic Rules

An air element with a diameter of both 110 mm and 50 mm can be installed independently on plumbing fixtures and drain pipes. But to perform the work correctly, you need to follow certain rules.

Here are the main ones:

• The air valve should be installed in the narrowest point of the pipeline;
• It is strictly prohibited to increase the internal diameter of the ventilation riser;
• A mechanism with a diameter of 50 mm must be installed only after connecting all plumbing points;
• The cylindrical vacuum valve must be mounted at the highest point of the manifold relative to the location of all plumbing fixtures;


• If there is a drain in the sewer, then you need to place the aerator at a height of at least 35 cm from the floor. Otherwise, wastewater will get into the device during a one-time volley discharge;
• The device with a diameter of 110 mm must be installed indoors only. Taking him outside is prohibited.
• Installation of a sewer element is allowed in a house with up to 3 floors;
• All models of vacuum components are mounted only in a vertical position.

There are a number of prohibitions for installing an aerator. They look like this:

• It is prohibited to install a vacuum sewer valve in a house with more than 3 storeys;
• If the collector has a design that allows debris to enter the system;
• If there is a risk, install the mechanism horizontally or at an angle.

Important: here it is worth knowing that if the drain inlet pipe and the manifold socket are swapped, the valve will not work.

Installation: work diagram

The installation of a ventilation air device for sewage is carried out according to the following principle:

• First, the water in the system is completely shut off;
• After this, using standard calculations in accordance with SNiP rules, locations for installing damper elements are marked;
• A pipe is cut out at the designated locations and a vacuum protective barrier is installed at this location.

The operation of the mounted device is checked by turning on the water supply system and volleying water into the collector (draining the toilet tank, etc.).

To ensure that the installation of the aerator is successful, listen to some tips:

• Before installing odor protection for the sewer system, note for yourself the ease of access to the installation site;
• The temperature for installing the valve must be no lower than +5 degrees;
• Reliable adhesion of the device to the pipe is made using a socket and a dense rubber ring.

vodakanazer.ru

Electricity, gas, water supply and sewerage are the necessary minimum communications in a modern home. Accustomed to the numerous benefits of civilization, the current inhabitants of the metropolis strive to improve the existing amenities. Therefore, the unpleasant smell from sewer pipes and sometimes frightening “squelching” sounds from the same do not cause enthusiasm among homeowners. Installing an air valve on the sewer will help get rid of them. This is exactly what the article will discuss.

1. DIY air valve for sewerage
   • Aerator installation
2. Prices and manufacturers

What is a sewer air valve

An aerator (and this is what it would be more correct to call an air or vacuum valve for a sewer) is a device designed to solve one of the most unpleasant problems in an apartment or private house: a difficult odor that no air freshener can cope with. This is not surprising, because the reason lies in improper installation of the sewer pipe system. Because of this, gases accumulate in it and pressure drops occur. Installing an aerator can also eliminate strange sounds that pipes make.

• Why is this happening? In multi-storey buildings, the standard solution is still to connect the riser to the roof of the building. This is a simple and proven method of ventilation. However, quite often the system turns out to be unable to cope with its task and unpleasant odors, instead of leaving outside, return to the living room. But it is much worse if fetid streams begin to pour out of the siphons. Here moral damage alone will not work.


• The purpose of an air valve installed in an internal sewer is to create a barrier and not let gases and odors back into the apartment. It automatically blocks the system when the pressure in it increases. When it subsides, the barrier is also automatically removed. That is, the device reacts to violent processes inside the pipes. As a result, dirty wastewater and unwanted aroma are completely absent from the apartment.

The operating principle of the air valve can be described as follows:

• When water is drained from the apartment, it goes into the general system. At the same time, the pressure in it becomes less than atmospheric;
• such a difference does not go unnoticed by the device, and the air valve opens slightly. At the same time, air enters through the side opening;
• When a sufficient amount of air enters the system, the pressure in it will be equal to atmospheric pressure. Then the valve stem returns to its place.

The design of aerators is the same in all cases, despite differences in the mechanism of operation or fastening:

• frame. It is made from hard polymers; special requirements are placed on its tightness. The top cover is removable, with a reliable threaded connection. This is necessary for external visual inspection of the device and its cleaning. For a tight fit there must be a rubber gasket;
• air inlet;
• opening mechanism- closing the valve. This may be a rod or a single-acting membrane. The second is considered more reliable, since it cannot be jammed by debris that inevitably gets into the system.

Types of air valves for sewerage

According to the operating principle, the valves in the device can be of three types:

• auto. These are installed mainly in small private buildings. It simply cannot cope with heavy loads. Its design will not withstand strong water pressure and a significant volume of air;

• kinetic. Sometimes it can be found under the name “anti-vacuum”. It can only work at low pressures. Such a valve prevents the accumulation of air in large volumes when draining occurs and the system is filled with water;
• combined. It is a device that combines the capabilities of both types described above.

Since the pipeline can be mounted vertically or horizontally, each of them will require different types of aerators. When choosing them for installation, such a nuance as the diameter of the pipes should be taken into account. The following types of valves are commercially available:

• receiving aerator. Its diameter is 20 cm, and the device itself is equipped with a filter that captures solid particles from the water and does not allow them to pass further into the system. This type of valve is mounted in front of the pump of a horizontal pipeline;
• ball model. Installed on horizontally running pipes of small diameter. These are mainly drainage systems from plumbing fixtures. The aerator got its name because it uses a ball element as a shutter, and a spring provides clamping force;
• wafer model more compact and lighter. It can be installed in both horizontal and vertical pipelines. It can be through (when the flow of water passing through it does not change its direction) and angular (the flow of the working medium passed through the valve changes its course by 90 °). Disc spring modifications come in diameters from one and a half to 20 cm. Their operation is similar to ball aerators, but the shutter is a plate. Bivalve variations are produced with a diameter of 5 - 70 cm;

• check air valve for sewerage (petal or rotary). The spool acts as a locking element. It then slams shut if necessary, when the pressure in the system drops.
  Large-diameter valves in such a device have one drawback: they quickly break due to the fact that the spool hits the seat very hard. And as a result, when such a damaged valve is activated during further operation, a water hammer occurs. The solution for valves of large diameters is the use of a shock absorber. Reverse aerators are divided into simple (with a diameter of less than 400 mm) and non-impact ones, equipped with a damper. The first ones are installed in systems that are not afraid of possible water hammer.

There is also a classification according to the method of fastening:

• welding method. It is used in the presence of particularly aggressive environments; it is not used in apartments and private residential buildings;
• coupling fastening designed for small diameter pipes. The check valve in this case is attached using a threaded coupling;
• Already mentioned wafer connection type, when the fastening element on the valve itself is missing. In this case, it is clamped between flanges in the pipeline. Due to its compactness, it is advisable to use such an aerator in small areas of the sewer system;
• mounting via flanges using a seal.

DIY air valve for sewerage

You can install the air valve yourself, but if there is even the slightest doubt, it is better to rely on the experience of professionals and invite a specialist. The following rules can be listed as general requirements for installation.

• Aerators must not be installed in rooms that do not have constant heating. Air temperature below zero degrees is a good reason to refuse installation.
• The device must not be placed in such a place that it would be inconvenient or impossible to access later. During its operation, preventive inspections will have to be carried out more than once.

• If the installation is carried out in a room equipped with a floor grill, the air valve must be installed at a height of more than 35 cm from the base level.
• To install an automatic aerator, the system will need to determine the point of highest flow into the common riser. The valve is installed at a height exceeding 10 cm from this point.
• The valve of the device must be located directly in the socket of the straight section using an O-ring. The vertical arrangement in the system will ensure its efficient operation.
• The minimum distances specified in the rules make it possible to prevent a situation where waste and fecal matter washed into the system clog the aerator.

Possible installation locations for the air valve

• Aerators with a modern design can be installed in both the toilet and the bathroom. They can be easily installed in a vertical riser of a sewerage system (with an exit in the attic).
• Simple devices are placed on the sink, washbasin or bathtub. If we are talking about a fan pipe, then it is better to purchase a cylindrical aerator with a lid.

• Air valves for sewerage 50 mm rarefy the air in horizontal parts of the sewerage system (bathtubs, kitchen sinks and sinks). They will definitely have to be installed if the length of the pipes is large enough or there is a transition from one pipe diameter to another. Maintaining an inclination when installing the drainage system will facilitate the natural elimination of dirty water and prevent the accumulation of liquid, and therefore an unpleasant odor.
• Air valves for sewerage 110 mm are primarily intended for drainage pipes. As an option, it is possible to install the device on an auxiliary riser, if we are talking about a house where two families live. But at the same time, a mandatory condition remains to bring at least one of them to the roof of the building.
• Regardless of the installation location, the aerator must not be installed into the system at an angle or in a horizontal position.

How to choose the right air valve

In addition to focusing on the horizontal and vertical arrangement of the sewage system, nominal pressure, installation dimensions and method of fastening, when choosing an aerator, a number of other nuances must be taken into account.

• Material. All elements of the device must be made of durable materials that can withstand the aggressive environment of the sewer system and other destructive factors.

• It is important that in the event of a mechanism failure, it is possible to adjust its operation manually.
• Only a reliable valve, which is the basis of the entire structure, can provide adequate protection against unpleasant odors and backflow of contaminated water.
• Since aerators can serve as an excellent passage for rodents from sewers into living spaces, properly designed models provide protection for this case.

Aerator installation

• Before starting work, you must make sure that the flow of water throughout the riser is shut off. The required part of the pipe is dismantled, and an aerator is installed in its place. The instructions included with it describe the entire process in sufficient detail. If the pipe is located horizontally, then during installation it is important to check the direction of water flow with the indicator on the device. The inlet pipe and socket must not be swapped, otherwise the valve simply will not operate.

Scheme for installing an air valve on a sewer

• Aerators for waste pipes allow their installation without compromising the integrity and length of the system. Most often this is a design with a lid in the shape of a cylinder with a diameter of 110 mm. When the lid is exposed to water pressure, it will open. Reducing the pressure will cause closing (this will be ensured by a spring). And no matter how strong the pressure of the drain water flowing in the opposite direction, it will not pass into the room.

Prices and manufacturers

Aerators are positioned by sellers not just as effective and necessary devices (this is easy to see by reading the above), but also as affordable mechanisms. But their cost varies greatly depending on the manufacturer and some design features. For comparison, some prices are combined in the table below.

Diameter	Price, rub.)	Brand / country of origin	Notes
110	150	Politek /Russia
110	1300 — 1240	McAlpine / UK	The price range is indicated depending on the throughput of the aerator (from 29.2 l/sec. to 19.4 l/sec.)
110	365	SINICON / Russia
75/100	2350	Maxi - Vent / European association Wavin Ecoplastic
32/50	1580	Mini - Vent / European association Wavin Ecoplastic
50	2380 - 620	McAlpine / UK	The price range is indicated according to the valve capacity (from 8.9 l/sec. to 3 l/sec.)
50	90	SINICON / Russia
40	520 - 400	McAlpine / UK	The price varies depending on the throughput of the device (from 3 l/sec. to 1 l/sec.)

As you can easily see, Russian analogues are cheaper, but the last word will always remain with the consumer.

strport.ru

About the need to use a valve

After water is flushed down the drain, it interacts with the air inside the pipe, creating a pressure difference. Draining large volumes of water with insufficient air supply, which equalizes the pressure, leads to the formation of an area of ​​​​rarefied pressure. In the absence of ventilation, air is sucked into the pipe, thereby creating negative pressure.

Due to this phenomenon, water from the weakest water seal is sucked into the drain pipe. This is the so-called “hydraulic seal failure”. And the pressure in the pipe is compared with atmospheric pressure only when air enters the valve. And this happens through the path of least resistance - the siphon. When air is drawn in, water is drawn out at the same time, thereby destroying the water seal device.

As soon as the water leaves the siphon, odors from the sewer begin to flow freely into the room. Such gases can not only be unpleasant, but also harmful and toxic. Often they contain only methane, but along with it spores, bacteria, and fungi can enter the apartment.

To prevent such incidents, the common riser is discharged to the roof. At the same time, it may not cope with its task, for example, in winter or if it is installed incorrectly. To eliminate this possibility, a special device was developed that would equalize the pressure in the sewer system, namely a vacuum valve.

Why do you need a sewer vacuum valve (video)

Types of valves

According to their purpose, valves can be divided into 2 categories: a check valve for sewerage and a ventilation sewer valve.

According to the laws of physics, water always moves along the path of least resistance. Even with a small blockage there is a possibility that the direction of the water will change. This flow can, rising through the riser, gush from various plumbing products - toilet, sink. All this is fraught with flooding of the premises and problems with neighbors. Installing a check valve will help prevent this, as well as the possible penetration of rodents through the drain riser. For the manufacture of such devices, a variety of materials can be used: plastic, cast iron, bronze, stainless steel and others.

In turn, check valves are divided into 4 categories:

• wafer. They are light weight and small in size. In such devices, flanges are not installed for connection to the pipeline. If problems are detected, you will have to replace not only the product itself, but also the sewer section;
• rotary, otherwise - petal. The membrane is played by a flap or spool operated by a lever. There are simple and unstressed ones. The difference between impactless and simple ones is that after passing water, the spool smoothly returns to its place. In simple cases, it is possible to disable the entire system;
• ball They are used in pipes of small diameter and with a riser of less than 110 mm. The metal ball acts as a membrane, and the spring acts as a lever. The most common type of valve, which was due to ease of dismantling. To do this, just unscrew 2 bolts;
• lifting Such products are installed in areas where regular repair work is difficult. The valve can be dismantled and repaired without disassembling the pipes. A significant disadvantage is rapid contamination.

The vacuum sewer valve prevents the appearance of odors from the sewer pipe and also eliminates the noise of the sewer system. There are 3 main types of such devices:

• automatic vacuum. It is used mainly in the construction of private houses or installed on individual elements of the system. Works to release air from the system;
• anti-vacuum. Can ventilate a large number of sewer pipes. Can both let in and let out air;
• combined vacuum. It has all the best technological features of the two previous types.

Design and principle of operation

The design of the vacuum valve for sewerage is very simple and has a small number of elements. Due to this, dismantling and disassembly does not cause significant problems.

• plastic case with a special hole on the side that allows air to pass through;
• a rod that opens and closes the side hole;
• rubber membrane;
• sealed rubber gasket;
• a cover that protects the rod from external influences.

The vacuum valve comes in mainly 2 types of sizes – 110 mm and 50 mm. The principle of its operation is to open a side hole to allow air to enter the system when negative pressure occurs. Once the pressure is balanced, gravity forces the rod to automatically close. With neutral or positive pressure, the system will always be closed, thereby preventing air from escaping from the sewer into the room.

Conditions for using the valve

The air valve for sewerage must, first of all, ensure the tightness of the system under low pressure conditions. Installation of an additional valve is not required for a building less than 3 floors high. The diameter of the riser must exceed the maximum diameter of the horizontal drain pipe. Accordingly, when using a standard 110 mm valve, it must be larger than the drain.

Since the valve can be used when it is impossible to bring the system to the roof, it must have a certain power reserve that allows it to operate in short-term systems. The throughput of such a device is 32-47 l/sec. The negative pressure is 250 Pa.

When installing in multi-storey buildings, all prescribed norms and standards must be taken into account. For example, the valve capacity must be at least 5 times the riser capacity. In buildings above 4 floors, special rules for installing ventilation systems are followed.

The use of valves in sewer systems is strictly regulated by industry standards. When designing a new building or modernizing an existing one, it is necessary to take into account the relationship between such indicators as throughput and water absorption capacity. The volume of discharge into the pipe also directly depends on the throughput capacity.

Installation rules

The 110 mm valve can be installed horizontally, vertically or in the attic. When installing the product in an unheated attic, you should first insulate the riser.

To prevent the entry of dirt or moisture, which could disrupt the weak tightness of the structure, the valve should be installed at a height of no less than 300 mm from the upper gravity pipe. The distance to the nearest siphon should not exceed 200 mm. When installing a valve in a toilet or bathroom, it is recommended to check the possibility of air access to these rooms.

In the room where the valve is installed, the air temperature should not be below 0º. Freezing of the rod significantly affects the efficiency of the entire system. After installation is completed, it is necessary to check the complete tightness of the system elements.

trubypro.ru

Why do you need a vacuum valve?

Many inexperienced craftsmen doubt why a sewer vacuum valve is needed at all, since every plumbing fixture is equipped with a water seal that does not allow any odors to pass through?

In fact, the mechanism of operation of the system is more complex than it might seem at first glance:

• When flushing a large amount of water into the toilet, a vacuum occurs inside the system. As a result, water is sucked out of the water seals. Even though the suction is partial, it is enough to create an unpleasant sewer smell in the room.
• Hot water regularly enters the system, causing steam to rise up.

If there is ventilation in the house, but it is simply clogged, then it can be cleaned. Of course, it is quite difficult to cope with this task yourself, but a specialist will be able to quickly solve the problem.

If there is no ventilation in the house, and it is technically expensive or difficult to build, then the way out of this situation is to install a vacuum valve. It must be said that a special need for this device arises if an automatic washing machine is installed in the house, which discharges water into the system under pressure. Sometimes there are even cases when, after connecting the machine, it becomes necessary to install a second, additional valve.

Valve design and installation

The operating principle of a vacuum sewer valve is quite simple. When the drains move along the riser, thereby creating a vacuum, the shut-off element of the valve opens, resulting in air leakage. When the pressure in the system is equalized, the spring returns the valve to its place, as a result of which further movement of gases becomes impossible, and therefore unpleasant odors do not penetrate into the room.

The standard vacuum sewer valve has a plastic body. The main design element is a rod that lifts the side outlet. When the pressure in the system decreases, the rod moves down, causing the hole to close.

To prevent the rod from rising higher than necessary, a rubber gasket is located above it. It must be said that there are designs in which a rubber membrane is used instead of a rod. Their disadvantage is the rapid wear of the membrane, as a result of which it must be changed regularly.

Advice!
The price of vacuum valves with a diaphragm is slightly lower than devices with a rod, however, it is not advisable to purchase them due to their rapid failure.

It should be noted that there are two types of vacuum valves:

Note!
The first valve can only be used for a few plumbing fixtures, for example, a sink and toilet.

The appearance of the devices may vary, and there may also be minor technical differences, however, the operating principle and diameter of sewer aerators remains the same.

Installation features

Now let's look at how to properly install a vacuum valve on the sewer. To perform this operation, it is not necessary to invite a specialist, since every home craftsman can cope with it. However, you must first become familiar with a number of nuances of this operation.

Often, the vacuum sewer valve causes misunderstanding among consumers. As a result, many home craftsmen dismantle the upper part of the risers, which rises above the roof, and install this device instead. This should not be done, since the valve does not fully replace sewer ventilation, unless it is clogged with foreign objects and debris.

Note!
This device is allowed to be installed in apartment buildings, however, not higher than the 6th floor.
The fact is that there is a possibility of strong vacuum, which can occur as a result of the simultaneous release of sewage from two toilets.
The valve may not be able to withstand such a load.

In addition, when installing the device, the following rules must be observed:

• The valve can only be installed in rooms where the air temperature does not fall below zero degrees Celsius. The fact is that the unit will not function in cold weather. Therefore, it is usually installed in toilets or heated attics.
• If there is a drain in the floor, then the valve should be located 30-35 cm above the floor level.
• If there is no drain, the aerator should be located 10 cm below the highest sewer outlet.
• If the valve is installed in a box or niche, it is necessary to ensure free air flow to the sky. Otherwise, the device will not work as expected.

Note!
From time to time, the vacuum valve requires maintenance - replacement of rubber gaskets.

As for the installation itself, the instructions are extremely simple - the product is inserted into the free end of the sewer pipe or into a special socket. Of course, the connection must be tight, so rubber cuffs should be used.

Of course, the decision to install the device should be made by a specialist who has an understanding of the operating features of the sewer system at the site. However, in any case, installing it will not be superfluous and will not harm the operation of the system.

Conclusion

In some cases, a vacuum valve is the only means that can prevent regular breakdowns of the water seal, accompanied by the spread of an unpleasant odor in the room. You can do the installation work yourself, the only thing is that you must follow the above rules. The result of this operation will be trouble-free operation of the sewer system.

You can get more information on this topic from the video in this article.

hydroguru.com

An internal sewer aerator primarily works as a check valve, preventing liquids and gases from reaching the drain point. When using the toilet, a sudden flush of water lowers the pressure in the system, and without the valve, the liquid may return at a higher speed than it was drained. When the pressure drops in the sewer pipe, sewer valve 110 opens and equalizes the indicator.

The principle diagram of the operation of air valves is shown in the figure. All devices include:

• frame;
• air intake;
• pressure regulation mechanism.

The housing is sealed, with a removable lid. The connection must be threaded. There is a rubber seal between the parts.

The inlet should allow air to pass through, but not insects and rodents. The damper opening mechanism is rod or membrane. The membrane clogs less often.

An aerator for a septic tank is used to supply air to bacteria that decompose sewage. You can make it yourself, remove the pipe from the septic tank like a riser, and plug it at the top. Weld an inlet on the side for forced air injection.

Types of air valves

The sewerage layout is multi-level and has vertical and horizontal sections. The diameter of the pipes, maintained slopes and flow rate determine which aerators for sewerage are most effective. There is a system of aerators, each of which has a specification:

• the receiving aerator is mounted in front of the pumping pump on a horizontal section of the pipeline;
• ball model of an aerator for plumbing fixtures with small pipe diameters;
• ball valve with pressure spring;
• The wafer model is installed on pipes with a diameter of up to 20 cm, can pass the flow or rotate by 90.

Wafer models can be disk spring or double-leaf. The actuator is a plate with a spring.

Non-return air valve with flapper or rotary type actuator. This type of septic tank aerator is installed on pipes with a diameter of less than 400 mm. For long sections where there is a risk of water hammer when the spool ruptures, damper valves are installed.

The valves are fastened by welding, clamped between two flanges with gaskets, or a threaded coupling is used.

Reasons for installing air valves

The sewer system is dynamic. Costs are constantly changing, gases appear from the decomposition of sewage. Draining through sanitary fixtures changes the hydraulic regime in the pipes. Without regulatory tools, life with poorly functioning sewage systems becomes uncomfortable. Sewer aerator 110:

• automatically regulates pressure;
• non-volatile;
• protects the fan pipe from freezing in winter;
• simple installation;
• low cost.

The device equalizes the pressure between the main line and the atmosphere on the roof where it is installed. However, such a device can work effectively at a height not higher than the second floor. If a large flow is drained simultaneously from two points on one riser, the valve may not cope.

Sewer aerator 50 is installed on the internal sewerage from drainage devices. Typically, such a device is equipped at the transition points from the 32 cm line connecting to the 50 cm manifold. An air valve is installed on the horizontal section, cutting off the bad smell from the common pipe, equalizing the pressure in the system.

Correct installation of aerators

The air valve on the riser is installed in the attic, since it will not work if frozen. But the smell should not be felt in the room. If the house has several auxiliary risers and the main one is on the roof, then a sewer aerator 110 can be installed on the others. This will significantly reduce costs. The device can also be used when a riser is not provided or it cannot be brought to the roof, ensuring that the SNiP requirements for the distance to structural elements are met. When choosing a device, it is necessary to take into account that sometimes manual adjustment may be required. The aerator is installed above the top drain point in the system, and it must be accessible for inspection and repair.

The aerator only works if assembled correctly! The pipe and socket cannot be swapped,

Sewer aerator 50 can serve no more than two plumbing fixtures. Install the device no closer than a meter from the drain point. The aerator in the internal sewer must be at the end of the network distribution, after the outermost device. The minimum distance from the floor during installation should be 35 cm. The device is mounted vertically.

A properly installed aerator will last a long time, but periodic checking of the valve condition is required.

www.glav-dacha.ru

The ventilation outlet of the sewer system is designed to allow air to enter the vacuum zone that forms each time water is drained, eliminating unpleasant odors and noise. An air valve for sewerage can replace a classic device, a drain pipe, and does not have the typical inconveniences associated with the operation of the latter, including icing and narrowing of the outlet going to the open air during the cold season, as well as the likelihood of unpleasant odors getting into the open house windows.

An air sewer valve is a body whose diameter corresponds to a similar pipe parameter (hence, the flow parameters in it are identical), equipped with stem or diaphragm, covering the outward-facing inlet.

At rest, the pressure existing in the pipeline keeps the rod or membrane in the closed position, “pressing” them from the inside. While the flow rate increases when water is drained, a vacuum is formed in the pipeline, the valve or membrane opens, letting in the amount of air necessary to equalize the pressure. When the parameter is normalized, the closing device returns to its original position.

Important feature: The return flow of air with an unpleasant odor from the sewer system into the living space is eliminated due to the pressure difference during the period when the hole is open. Air cannot move from a low pressure zone to a high pressure zone.

There are also combined models that work both for air intake and air exhaust. The installation location of such devices needs to be carefully considered; it is not always advisable to place them in a bathroom or toilet; it is possible to move them outside of residential premises or install them in a special unit.

Types of air valves

It was already mentioned above that the design of non-return air valves for sewerage can have a membrane or a rod. Such models work almost equally efficiently, however, plastic membranes are more susceptible to wear and need to be changed periodically.

• Some types of devices can only be installed on one drainage point (sink, toilet, etc.). These automatic devices have a low throughput.
• The 110 mm sewer air valve can be mounted on a common riser, thus providing ventilation for several sewer pipes at the same time.
• Combined models are universal and have the advantages of products of both the first and second categories.

Obviously, local (designed for one pipe) models have a smaller diameter than those capable of providing ventilation for the entire system. In most cases, DN 50 mm models are used for these purposes.

According to the installation method, the valve (sewer aerator) can be:

• threaded,
• flanged,
• coupling

Equipment installation

An air valve for unvented sewer risers is not the only option for installing equipment. The valves can duplicate the classic ventilation scheme and be installed instead of or together with vent structures.

The main requirement when choosing an installation location is to maintain the ambient temperature above 0° C. This will avoid freezing and disruption of the equipment.

Height matters a lot, on which an air valve for sewerage is installed.

• If there is no drain for draining water in the floor, the valve is placed 10 cm higher than the location of the highest outlet of the plumbing fixture or water-consuming equipment.
• If there is a ladder, the valve is placed 35 cm above the floor level.

Important: Maintaining such distances protects the fan valve from contamination.

It is necessary to select the installation location in such a way that it can be easily accessed for inspection and repair. If a vacuum valve for a sewer with a diameter of 110 mm is supposed to be covered with panels, plasterboard or other structures, it is necessary to provide such structures with special doors or hatches to avoid the need for complete dismantling during repair work.

The free end of the pipe or its socket is chosen as the installation location.

In some cases, it is advisable to install an air sewer valve in the attic or in a specially designated household room.

After selecting the installation location and purchasing a product that fully complies with the requirements and is suitable in terms of geometric parameters (diameter), the valve is installed in accordance with its design (on a thread, in a flange, using a coupling). It is important to ensure the tightness of the joints and check this parameter after completion of installation work.

There is no need to confuse air and . We have a separate article about the latter on our portal.

If you are interested in knowing what it is used for, then we also talked about this in another article.

Features of operation

Rules regarding the selection and installation of air valves in the sewer systems of apartments and private houses were included in SNiP only about 10 years ago. The decision on the mandatory installation of such a device is made by a specialist, however, it is believed that the use of an aerator cannot reduce the efficiency and quality of the system. In general, this statement is true, but it is important to monitor the condition of the equipment and its serviceability.

Disturbances may include sticking of the membrane or rod in a certain position.

• If the stop occurs in the “open” position, there is a risk of unpleasant odors from the sewer entering the room.
• If the valve gets stuck in the closed position, the water seals may rupture.

At the same time, the simplicity of the design and the associated high reliability and durability of the equipment, combined with timely inspections of the valves, will make it possible to avoid emergency situations.

Sewage air valve 110 mm installed on riser

Installing aerators together with traditional ventilation outlets or vent devices virtually eliminates the possibility of a critical change in pressure in the system and failure of water seals.

Sometimes a situation arises when an air valve that has worked effectively for several years ceases to “cope with its responsibilities,” although there are no breakdowns or malfunctions. Most often this is due to changes in the operation of the sewer system itself, for example, with the installation of a washing machine that discharges water under pressure. At high flow rates, the pressure in the pipeline changes more sharply, so it is better to install an additional individual valve on the new unit.

In houses that are not equipped with a ventilation system, a (fan) vacuum valve - an aerator for sewerage - is in great demand. This plumbing product will prevent unpleasant odors from coming from sewer pipes.

The installation of the device is not regulated by SNiP, so professional plumbers do not use it in their work. Owners of private houses decide this issue on their own.

Principle of design and operation of a vacuum valve

The aerator successfully copes with the ventilation of the sewer riser exclusively in a 1-2 storey building. You should be aware that if two or more toilets are flushed at the same time, it may not cope with its task. Therefore, the aerator is optimal for small buildings.

It is installed in two cases:

1. If the project did not provide for a ventilation riser (fan pipe).
2. If fan pipe impossible to get onto the roof.

Valve device

The sewer aerator is a shaped part that is fixed to the pipe using a seal.

The sewer valve consists of several parts:

• housing made of plastic (it has a side hole);
• an internal rod, the purpose of which is to promptly open the hole for air supply;
• a rubber gasket that limits the movement of the rod in the upward direction;
• protective cover (connected to the body and covers the stem assembly).

The design of the sewer vacuum valve may differ: some manufacturers install a rubber membrane instead of a plastic rod.

Aerators come in two types: with a cross-section of 50 and 110 mm. The former are recommended for use in buildings that have no more than two plumbing fixtures (including the toilet). It is recommended to install an air valve model that allows for manual adjustment of the internal mechanism. This may be needed in emergency situations.

Principle of operation

In houses, as a rule, hot water is regularly flushed, the vapors of which tend to rise upward. Due to this, air accumulates in the riser, the smell of which is unpleasant.

If the sewer pipe is not equipped with a ventilation system, the flow of flushing water creates a rarefied atmosphere (vacuum) in the pipe, which draws in the water seal and, thereby, the release of unpleasant odor from the riser.

The problem of its penetration is solved by installing a vacuum valve for sewage. In normal mode (at normal pressure in the riser), the fan valve is closed. When flushing the drains, it opens, letting air into the sewer pipe, preventing rarefaction from occurring. Thus, the water seal is given the opportunity to fully perform its function.

Installation Rules

The vacuum sewer valve is mounted above the point of connection to the system of the highest-standing plumbing fixture and can be done with your own hands. The aerator is installed only on vertical sewer pipes in places where free access will be provided: in toilets, attics, bathrooms.

In order to stabilize the pressure in the pipes and prevent the spread of unpleasant odors, a sewer vacuum valve is installed. Actually, it is an alternative to a drain pipe, which is not always possible to install, for example, in such cases as:

• the tightness of the roof must not be compromised;
• The outlet of waste pipes should not be located near a balcony or window.

An aerator (the so-called ventilation vacuum seal) can be installed in an apartment or house, for example, in a bathroom or toilet. Let's tell you more about this device.

Before talking about how a vacuum-type air shut-off check valve works, let's look at its structure, it is shown in the figure.

Designations of structural elements:

• A – damper;
• B – hole for ventilation;
• C – upper part of the riser;
• D – walls of the device body;
• E – air channel;
• F – insert.

Now let's move on to the principle of operation of the vacuum lock. When water is drained into the system, a change in pressure occurs. To stabilize it, a cap is opened in the valve through which air enters the system.

When the pressure in the system is equalized, the damper becomes locked, so that no unpleasant odor can enter the room.

An aerator should be installed in the following cases:

• when sewer systems are not equipped with waste pipes;
• if it is not possible to remove the ventilation pipe through the roof.

The purpose of this type of shut-off valve is to ensure the required level of ventilation inside the system. As a rule, vacuum valves are installed in low-rise buildings (no more than 5-6 floors), otherwise there is a high probability of constipation failure.

What to look for when choosing

There are three factors to consider before purchasing a vacuum type valve:

1. vacuum seal diameter, valves can be Ø110 mm and Ø50 mm. The first ones are installed on a sewer riser, the second ones - on a corner outlet from it. Please note that the Ø50 mm aerator is designed to equalize pressure when draining water from two devices (no more), for example, a toilet and a sink;

Photo: vacuum valve with diameter 50 and 110 mm

1. design features. The devices can be equipped with a membrane or a rod, the latter is preferable since their service life is longer;
2. equipment manufacturer. We recommend purchasing models from well-known brands, for example: Ostendorf, TDI, Ssangyong, EGR, KVE, KVM, KVR, etc.

Video on the topic:

Installation algorithm

Installation of vacuum shut-off valves is carried out according to the following algorithm:

• you should select a location for connecting the valve;
• it is necessary to check the tightness of the device;
• perform the installation.

When choosing an installation location, consider the following tips:

• valves should be connected at a higher height than the hose from the plumbing fixture is connected. In this case, stable and reliable operation of the vacuum lock can be guaranteed;
• The premises where installation is carried out must have good ventilation. That is, if this is the attic of a private house, it must be ventilated. When the switching point is a bathroom or toilet, they must be equipped with an extractor hood;
• Vacuum shut-off valves do not tolerate cooling, therefore, in the room where they are installed, the temperature should not fall below the freezing point of water (0°C). If this rule is not followed, the device is likely to lose functionality or may completely fail;
• the valve must be installed vertically. If the pipe is laid horizontally in the selected location, an elbow must be inserted into it. Below is a photo where a similar solution is used.

We consider it necessary to pay attention to the following point: the valve must be installed in such a place that access to it is always provided in case it is necessary to make repairs or manual (forced) start of the device. This is also necessary for preventive maintenance (timely cleaning of the device).

How to check tightness

There are several ways to check the anti-vacuum valve without using special equipment, that is, at home:

• it is necessary to fill the valve with air (you can use a bicycle pump for this), after pre-treating the surface of the valve with soap. The bubbles that appear will indicate the place where the seal is broken;
• the device filled with air is placed under water, the appearance of air bubbles will indicate a violation of the seal;
• pour water into the valve; if it is sealed, it will not flow out of the valve.

As a rule, valves are checked directly by the manufacturer, as evidenced by the entry in the device passport. If you purchase a model from an unknown Chinese manufacturer, then it is better to check the tightness using one of the methods described above.

Installation

After choosing a location and checking for leaks, installation begins. It depends on the design features of the shutter, it can be:

• flanged, in this case the connection is made using bolts;
• threaded, you will need to cut a thread on the pipe;
• bell-shaped, the connection is made using a special rubber cuff. This connection option, although the simplest, provides the necessary reliability.

The installation procedure is as follows:

• it is necessary to completely disconnect the house or apartment from the water supply;
• prepare the pipe for installation, cut a thread if necessary, or install a special elbow (adapter);
• carry out installation in the appropriate way;
• check the joint for leaks.

We remind you that during operation, the vacuum valve for sewerage must be periodically cleaned, this will significantly extend its service life.

Other types of vacuum shut-off valves

Vacuum valves are used not only in sewer systems; for example, a bellows electromagnetic (electrovacuum) valve provides the release or supply of air in various equipment.

The throttle valve (electric) provides vacuum support in general systems.

In addition, vacuum valves have found wide application in the automotive industry (car brake booster, fuel pump, automatic transmission, in the hydraulic steering system of the front axle, for exhaust gas recirculation (thermal vacuum valve), turbine vacuum modulator, etc.).

The engine of a modern car cannot function without this equipment. Of course, such devices are much more complex than vacuum valves for sewer systems; accordingly, the price for the equipment package is much higher.