Since ancient times, folk dolls in Rus' have occupied a special place, because life is impossible without holidays, the performance of rituals, the preparation of national costumes and the use of various objects of applied art. Dolls were made not only for children, their main role was ritual.

A little history

The history of the folk doll, which was used on holidays or during folk rituals, goes back to those years when there was paganism in Rus'. Long before the Baptism of Rus', the Slavs celebrated the resurrection of Dazhdbog every spring, baking Easter cakes, which they then sacrificed to him. Even then, pysanka was a magical talisman of the ancient Slavs.

According to historians, with the introduction of the Orthodox religion, each pagan holiday gradually acquired Christian significance: the ancient holiday Kolyada (winter solstice) became the Nativity of Christ, Kupala (summer solstice) became the holiday of John the Baptist, Christian Easter coincided with the spring Slavic holiday called Velikden. The tradition of painting Easter eggs and baking Easter cakes also came from ancient celebrations of the Great Day.

From there arose the tradition of making ritual Easter dolls and motanka dolls, which are considered the most powerful amulets for women.

Types of dolls

The life of a Russian, or any other people, is impossible without rituals with national costumes, holidays and folklore. Ancient dolls were always made from various items that were at hand: straw, tree branches, pieces of fabric, rope, moss.

The types of folk dolls in Rus' were as follows:

1. Ritual - made for participation in rituals (agricultural, wedding, holiday).
2. Amulet dolls were made from ash, pieces of fabric, and birch twigs. The main rule in their manufacture was the absence of tools. Such dolls were made for a specific person or family, usually without a face (it was believed that a faceless doll could not harm people).
3. A folk play doll was made from materials found in the house (remnants of clothing), no larger than a fist.

Playing children's dolls

Playing folk dolls were made for small children so that they would have more fun with them. They were made only from natural materials: grass, pine cones, clay, charcoal, moss and fabric. All dolls had to be faceless so that the soul could not move into them, and they could not be used for witchcraft. Children's play dolls have always been protective in order to protect the child from evil spirits. Traditional rag dolls, made especially for children, had their own names:

• Ash doll - the first children's dolls were made from ash, which was taken from the hearth, then mixed with water and rolled into a ball to form a head; Such dolls were considered a strong amulet for a child.
• A friend doll was made so that the child would not be afraid to stay at home alone (for example, “bunny on the finger”, bird, spin dolls). Such a doll (folk) is a toy that was made by a grandmother together with her granddaughters, a mother together with her daughters, teaching them and at the same time accustoming them to creativity and hard work.
• The bird doll was made from a piece of bright fabric in the shape of a square, giving the shape of a bird using threads. Such birds are made small and hung in the corners of the house or above the child’s crib.
• A diaper - a doll swaddled with cloth, was placed in the baby's cradle to take on all the misfortunes from evil spirits.
• Senya-Malina, a doll with a sunny red mane, conveying the image of a handsome man in a bright shirt, was popular in the villages of Northern Pomerania, various fairy tales were written about him and was called the northern Munchausen.

Rag dolls

Starting at the age of five, girls themselves began to “twirl” their dolls under the guidance of their grandmother or mother. The folk rag doll was made from wool or cotton pieces of fabric, flax and multi-colored ribbons and threads. You only had to make a rag doll with a good mood and love. According to tradition, it was also customary to sing and talk, and make a wish.

Twist dolls (or another name for a column) are made by twisting a piece of fabric or a birch bark tube, onto which clothing parts are then put on: a shirt, a skirt, a sundress, a warmer; a braid of thread or yarn is made on the head, secured with a scarf.

When making all toys, it was forbidden to use threads and needles, as well as to paint the dolls' faces: it always remained pure white.

Ritual dolls

Folk ritual dolls were performed in compliance with ancient rules (without a needle and thread) for a specific ritual, and then burned (Maslenitsa, Kolyada), drowned (Kupavka) or buried in the ground (Likhomanka, Kostroma). Sometimes the dolls were then given to children to play with:

• Kostroma - made for Maslenitsa, it was placed for the entire holiday week, and then burned.
• An Easter doll (the head is made of an egg) and an Easter dove (always bright red) were used to decorate the house for Easter.
• Kupavka was made on the holiday of Ivan Kupala, then it was celebrated on the water, and by the way it floated (whether it went into a whirlpool, floated freely, or washed ashore), they predicted what the whole year would be like.
• Vesnyanka - friends gave to each other, calling for the imminent arrival of spring.
• Fertility - a doll depicting a mother of many children attracted wealth to the family.
• Fever dolls - usually 13 pieces were made to protect the child from diseases; they were displayed in a row on the stove.
• A nurse with large breasts, the bigger the better.
• The herbal pot, a useful doll filled with fragrant medicinal herbs, purified the air in the hut or above the baby’s cradle, driving away the spirits of disease (the grass needs to be changed every 2 years).
• Kuvad dolls were intended for men; during the birth of their wives, they provided protection with the help of magical rituals (kuvads) from evil spirits. Immediately after a happy birth, the dolls were burned in a cleansing ritual. Starting from the end of the 19th century, folk dolls began to be used in a different way: they were hung over the baby’s cradle as amulets or placed directly in the crib so that the baby could play in the absence of the mother (often there were several of them of different colors, they were a replacement for rattles).

Many ritual dolls were also protective.

Protective dolls

Traditionally, protective folk dolls were participants in family rituals: the birth of children, weddings, amulets against illness, death and funerals. There were a great many of them:

• Bell (invented in Valdai) is a doll that brings good news. She has 3 skirts according to the number of kingdoms and types of happiness (copper, silver, gold). Acts as a talisman that creates a good mood in the house. By giving a Bell to a friend, a person adds a joyful mood to him.
• Girl-woman (Shifter, Vertuha) - a doll with two heads, four arms and 2 skirts. Its secret is simple - one girl doll is hidden under the skirt of another - a woman and appears if she is turned over. Reflects the dual feminine essence: a young girl is beautiful, cheerful and carefree, then, after getting married, she becomes a woman (economic, caring, protecting her family, children and home).
• Lovebirds - amulets that protect married couples, are made on one hand as a symbol that the husband and wife will go through life together in joy and sorrow. According to established tradition, such lovebirds are hung after a church wedding at the head of the wedding procession, and after the wedding they are kept in the house as a talisman of family fidelity.

• Bereginya (family guardian) - hung over the front door to protect the house from evil spirits and the evil eye.
• Zernushka (Krupenichka) - consists of a bag of grain, symbolizing prosperity and a well-fed life.
• A plantain is a small (3-5 cm) doll with a knapsack in her hands (with a pinch of native soil or ash inside), which is intended to protect travelers.
• Cleansing doll - helps get rid of negative energy in the house.
• A doll-column “Fertility” (made differently in various Russian provinces and called by their names: Vladimir, Moscow, Kursk, etc.), several swaddling clothes were usually tied to its body so that the family would flourish and not fade away - given to the young for the wedding with good wishes.
• Ten-handed (has many hands) - helps the housewife manage everything around the house.

Motanka dolls

The Slavic motanka doll takes its origins from the Trypillian culture. Its basis is a twisted svarga, the prototype of which is represented in a variety of motifs on clay products found during excavations of burials of the Trypillian era.

Svarga is a symbol of movement, spiral and energy vortices, obtained by twisting and twisting, which has ritual significance. Instead of a face, she had a cross, which testified to her being outside of time and space. She is the archetype of the Great Goddess.

The motanka doll is made without the use of cutting or stabbing tools, only natural materials are taken: straw, herbs, flowers, corn cobs, grains, pieces of worn fabrics (you just need to make sure that the fabrics are from “lucky” old clothes), which were previously worn by loved ones People.

When making the body of the reel, no knots can be tied, the only exception being a small knot at the end, symbolizing the tying of the umbilical cord. While tying it, the craftswoman must make a wish and secure it with her strength. Sometimes arms are made separately, which are then tied to the body.

The outfit and headdress are made separately; it can be embroidered and decorated with lace. Each element has its own meaning:

• the skirt is a symbol of the earth, the wavy line on it is a connection with water;
• shirt - the trinity of the world;
• decorations on the head (ribbon, scarf) are a symbol of connection with the sky.

All separately made parts and decorations are manually wound to the body. Our ancestors were sure that if a doll is started, then it must be finished, otherwise misfortunes will come. Not a single woman left work unfinished, because she was afraid that this would bring trouble and illness to her family.

Folk Doll Museum

Since the 1990s, museums of folk dolls, telling about Russian puppet culture, began to appear in Russia and became very popular. Now there are already about 20 such projects operating in the country, some also represent original and antique copies:

• The Moscow Museum “Doll House” was created in 1993 through the efforts of Russian cultural figures (O. Okudazhava), has a collection of antique dolls, houses for dolls, an exhibition of folk and theatrical pieces.
• Museum of Unique Dolls (created in 1996 by Yu. Vishnevskaya) - contains a collection of specimens of the Russian Empire of the 19th-20th centuries, European dolls, Asian dolls, and toy houses.
• Museum of Folk Toys "Zabavushka" - presents collections of clay, straw, patchwork exhibits, and Russian folk dolls are also presented here.
• Museum of Toys in Sergiev Posad (founded in 1918 by collector N.D. Bartram) - exhibits a collection of ancient clay and wood products, porcelain dolls in Russian folk costumes, a collection of toys for the children of Russian Emperor Nicholas II;
• St. Petersburg Doll Museum - since 1998, presents collections of modern and folk exhibits, holds thematic exhibitions (40 thousand items are stored in the museum: dolls, furnishings, clothing, ethnographic items, souvenir items in historical costumes of various eras and peoples , original works of modern masters and designers).
• Museum-estate “Bereginya” (Kozlovo village, Kaluga region) - under the leadership of folk craftswoman Tarasova, 2,000 traditional dolls from all over Russia were collected; Among the exhibits are examples of traditional crafts (Gzhel, Filimonovskaya, Dymkovo, etc.), toys in the national costumes of the regions of Russia and the peoples of the world (40 countries).

Dolls in Russian folk costumes

For a long time, the clothing of a Russian woman had distinctive features and characteristics, by which one could determine her age and class, what region she came from, her occupation and whether she was married. Each Russian province differed in its own styles and colors in the formation of folk costume.

The Russian national outfit has one main feature - a simple silhouette that does not emphasize the shape of the body. This simplicity was balanced by a variety of colors in different parts of the clothing, in bright trim, embroidery and multi-color appliqués. The folk costume, which our ancestors wore until the beginning of the 20th century, was made taking into account not to hinder human movement and to be comfortable at any time of the year under different weather conditions. Structurally, the costume was made in such a way that there was almost no need for scissors or sewing. The main elements of clothing are a shirt (of different lengths: shorter for men, almost to the toes for women), a sundress or a skirt (poneva). The women embroidered all this very beautifully and decorated it with decorative elements. They always wore a scarf or kokoshnik on their heads.

Dolls in folk costumes, which were made by women in a specific region of Russia, were also distinguished by their appearance. Rag dolls were usually given to relatives to cement blood ties. Often clothes for toys also had features inherent in local costumes. An important principle by which folk dolls were made was that the costume could not be removed; the toy, together with the clothes, represented an integral image unique to it.

At the same time, the costume determined the ethnically specific type of doll, which could not be changed, assigning a certain role in children's amusements. For example, a toy in a pink sundress could not play the role of an adult married woman in the game, and a “wifey” doll could not be a bride.

Dolls from the "DeAgostini" series

A series that includes dolls in folk costumes, produced by the DeAgostini company, has gained great importance in the popularization of Russian folk costumes. The series consists of 80 issues, each of which contains not only a porcelain toy in the national costume of a certain region of the country, but also a description of the details of clothing, the history of the location, traditions and customs of the region and other interesting information.

A traditional Russian folk doll is a holistic idea of ​​our Slavic ancestors about the structure of the world and the universe, expressed through folk art and handicrafts, which supported a person in his spiritual life.

Program “Traditional folk doll”.

Compiled by: Makarenko E.V.

Esikova Yu.V.

(master of traditional folk toys).

Explanatory note

The educational program “Traditional folk doll” refers to the artistic and aestheticfocus . It is aimed at reviving the traditions of making folk dolls and introducing students to the folk origins of the doll world, developing creative abilities, artistic taste, and creating conditions for self-realization of the child’s personality. The program introduces children to the wonderful world of folk culture, creativity, and gives them the opportunity to believe in themselves and their abilities. The content widely reveals the artistic image of the doll, words, and the connection between folk culture and spiritual values. The creative experience of students is developed in the process of their own artistic and creative activity.

Under this program, children have the opportunity not only to learn how to make dolls, but also to study everyday life, rituals, individual cultural objects, and take part in folk festivals and games that contribute to “immersion” in the wonderful world of Slavic culture.

The educational program “Traditional Folk Doll” focuses on solving the problems of arts and crafts education and aesthetic education, i.e. considers training and education as a single whole. This program is comprehensive and contributes to the formation of spiritual and artistic culture among students.

Folk dolls are part of traditional children's culture. They carry certain images focused on traditional ideas about family, family structure, women's and men's roles, and motherhood. This traditionality is the main difference from modern toys. Thus, from an educational point of view, it is advisable to introduce traditional folk dolls into the lives of modern children. In addition, the traditional folk doll has a number of features. Its production does not require a rigid system of patterns and patterns. Therefore, a single technological process always gives an individual result. The dolls are similar, but not the same. They are faceless (they do not have a painted face), but not impersonal. Each one reveals the individuality and character of the performer. This system allows the child to express his inner characteristics. There is no concept of failure or wrongness in production. Each doll is special, unique, just like the children themselves.

Relevance of this program. The “Traditional Folk Doll” program promotes the involvement of children in the study of traditional folk culture from primary school age (6-7 years), which influences the child’s formation of national identity and involvement in work activities.

The educational program for additional education of children “Traditional folk doll” corresponds to the main goal of education in Russia, aimed at developing creative abilities, independence, initiative and the desire for self-improvement.

The program is designed in accordance with:

with the standard regulations “On the educational institution for additional education of children”, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 7, 1995. No. 223;

with the Charter of the Municipal Educational Institution of Children's Creativity "Center for Children's Creativity", approved by the decision of the Zheleznogorsk Duma of October 17, 2005. No. 256-3-RD;

with the requirements for the content and design of educational programs for additional education of children, approved at a meeting of the scientific and methodological council for additional education of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated June 3, 2003.

with sanitary and epidemiological rules and standards SANPiN 2.4.4.1251-03 (registered with the Ministry of Justice on May 27, 2003 No. 4594)

Novelty program and itsexpediency consist in turning to the origins of folk artistic culture. The rhythm of today's everyday life and the artificial industrial environment of cities create an imbalance in the natural and social environment. Therefore, today there is a need to turn to the moral experience of our people and use the potential of folk pedagogy. In the old days, a rag doll played a big role: it was a participant in many holidays and rituals; was a symbol of happiness, goodness, prosperity, procreation; was a talisman. In the game, the child became familiar with the culture, absorbing all the previous practical and philosophical experience of his people.

When studying under the “Traditional Folk Doll” program, a child experiences the joy of making a toy. A doll made with your own hands provides great opportunities for creative self-realization and the development of a child’s personality, the development of imagination, because the child plays with her (feeds her, puts her to bed, talks), i.e. masters various social roles. A shy, complex child often replaces himself with a doll in play. Thus, the doll plays a corrective role. When making a toy, fine motor skills of the fingers develop, which is associated with the development of thinking, speech, and writing. Work on making human figures from fabric develops spatial and creative abilities, perfectly corrects memory and attention deficiencies in children, the ability to compare and find differences between two or more objects, restore from memory what was previously seen.

Sukhomlinsky said: “The origins of children’s abilities and talents are at their fingertips.” Only those who, from childhood, get used to creating beauty, putting their labor, thoughts and soul into it, grow up to be a creator and creator. Therefore, the program I developed is aimed at introducing children to the diversity of the world of folk dolls and mastering ancient techniques and technologies for their production.

A distinctive feature of the content of the program is that the program involves not only mastering the techniques of artistic creativity, but also introduces children to the world of spiritual culture, introduces them to Orthodox holidays, customs, and traditions.

The program provides for teaching the material in an “upward spiral”, i.e. periodically returning to certain topics at a higher and more complex level. All tasks are appropriate in difficulty for children of a certain age.

The educational program “Traditional folk doll” for the establishment of additional education is based on the principlesnature-conformity, cultural conformity, collectivity, patriotic orientation, project planning, voluntariness, unity of training, education and development.

The principle of conformity with nature is based on the fact that training and education must correspond to the laws of development of nature and the characteristics of the child. From the position of the principle of natural conformity in the educational process, it is necessary to take into account the natural state of children, as well as create conditions for the disclosure of their potential capabilities, the formation of a sense of responsibility and involvement in nature.

The principle of cultural conformityassumes that education should be based on universal human values ​​and built taking into account the characteristics of ethnic and regional cultures, solve the problem of introducing a person to various layers of culture (everyday, physical, material, spiritual, political, economic, intellectual, moral)

The modern interpretation of the principle of collectivity suggests that education, carried out in groups of various types, gives a growing person the experience of living in society, the experience of interacting with others, can create conditions for positively oriented self-knowledge, self-determination, self-realization and self-affirmation, and in general - for the acquisition of adaptation experience and isolation in society.

The principle of patriotisminvolves the formation of national consciousness among young people as one of the main conditions for the viability of the younger generation and ensuring the integrity of Russia, the connection between generations, the development and enhancement of national culture in all its manifestations.

The principle of project planning involves the teacher’s orientation towards preparing and leading the child into independent project action. The child can program his steps, draw up an execution plan and analyze his activities.

The principle of voluntariness isproviding the opportunity for any participant in the educational process to take part in the design.And also everything that the student does, he does voluntarily. Voluntariness involves voluntarily taking on certain obligations.

The principle of unity of training, education and developmentassumes that training is aimed at the goals of comprehensive development of the individual, at the formation of not only knowledge and skills, but certain moral and aesthetic qualities that serve as the basis for the choice of life ideals and social behavior. The implementation of this principle requires the subordination of all teaching and educational work of the teacher during training to the tasks of the comprehensive development of the student’s personality and individuality.

Purpose of the program: Formation of spiritual and moral values ​​of students based on the study of history, culture and traditions of the Slavic-Ugric peoples through folk dolls.

Tasks:

Educational

Introducing students to the history, traditions and rituals of Rus'

Teaching children how to make traditional folk dolls using ancient techniques

Educational

Instilling in children a love for the Motherland and the people inhabiting it

Cultivating aesthetic taste and a sense of beauty using the best examples of arts and crafts

Developmental

Development of students' creative abilities

Developing a healthy sense of national dignity in students

The content of the “Traditional Folk Doll” program is aimed at children aged 7-12 years. The number of children in a group should not exceed 15 people. In the process of mastering the material, the teacher works with each child individually. This allows for timely adjustments to the educational process.

Organizational forms classes can be:

Collective (the whole group works in the process of acquiring knowledge)

Group (children are divided into groups according to the task)

Such classes allow students to master the necessary techniques and skills in work and accumulate theoretical knowledge. This knowledge activates cognitive and creative activity, contributes to the development of responsiveness, cooperation with peers and the teacher, self-criticism, and a conscientious attitude to work.

Taking into account the age and psychological characteristics of students, variousforms and methods of teaching : story, conversation, explanation, as well as practical exercises.

Conversation is a teaching method in which the teacher uses the students’ existing knowledge and experience. With the help of questions and the answers received, he leads to understanding and assimilation of the material, and also repeats and checks what has been covered.

In teaching, a type of narrative-explanation is used, when reasoning and evidence are accompanied by an educational demonstration.

Practical exercises - the purpose of these exercises is to apply the theoretical knowledge of students in work activities. Such exercises contribute to labor education.

An educational lesson is the main form of organizing the educational process in an institution of additional education for children. There is no limit to its improvement. The main thing is not the communication of knowledge, but the identification of children’s experience, their inclusion in cooperation, the active search for knowledge and its generalization.

In general, a training session can be represented as a sequence of the following stages:

Stage – organizational. Task: preparing children for work in class.

Organizing the start of the lesson, setting tasks, communicating the topic and plan of the lesson, creating a psychological mood for learning activities, activating attention.

The stage is verification. Challenge: closing knowledge gaps.

Testing children's knowledge and skills to prepare for studying a new topic.

The stage is preparatory. Objective: providing motivation for learning and acceptance of the goal of the lesson.

Message of the topic, goals of the lesson, setting cognitive tasks, motivation of educational activities

The stage is the main one.

The task is determined depending on the purpose of the lesson: learning new knowledge; checking understanding; consolidation of knowledge and methods of action; generalization of knowledge. Introducing new knowledge and skills, showing a sample of skills development; performing training exercises to master and consolidate knowledge, skills and abilities according to the model, etc.

Stage – control. Objective: identifying the quality and level of acquired knowledge and skills, their correction.

The stage is final. The task is to provide an analysis and assessment of the achievement of the goal of the lesson, to outline the prospects for work.

Summing up the lesson, drawing conclusions, encouraging students for their work in class, children’s self-assessment of their work, information about homework, determining the prospects for the next lesson. Thus, each stage of the lesson differs from the other in the change in the main type of activity, content, and specific tasks.

Expected results by the end of training :

Know safety rules when working with scissors and needles

Know the classification of rag dolls and the history of their origin

Know the basic techniques for making a folk doll: folding, twisting, winding

Be able to perform basic technological operations used in the manufacture of dolls

Know general information about rituals and traditions associated with folk dolls

Know general information about folk costume and its components (shirt, ports, poneva, sundress, soul warmer, kokoshnik, etc.)

Know the main types of seams: lowercase, “forward needle”, “over the edge”

Be able to independently make the types of dolls studied in the program

Be able to create, using the knowledge gained, designer dolls

Be able to use techniques for making folk dolls: folding, twisting, winding

Acquire a careful and respectful attitude towards the doll as an object of national history and culture

Forms for summing up the implementation of the “Traditional Folk Doll” program can be exhibitions, a competition or a quiz. Holding final exhibitions has great educational significance. It is recommended to invite guests, teachers, and parents to the exhibitions. Exhibitions allow us to examine the creative advancement of the entire team.

The teacher enters the results of training according to the program into the diagnostic card. In addition, the teacher’s observations are recorded here. Grading is based on a ten-point system.

Educational and thematic training plan

Doll "Butterfly"

Doll "Karkusha" (Magpie)

"Parsley". Making decorative panels

Doll "Couple".

Kaluga-Tula man

"Comforter"

Mommy with baby

Doll "Goat"

Doll on a stick

Souvenirs: baby dolls

III

Section: Ritual dolls

Gift for a gift

Doll "Kuvadka". Making Kuvadka of Central Russian, Tula, Vyatka

"Martinichki". Rite of Invocation of Spring

Doll "Bird"

Wedding doll "Lovebirds"

Vepsian doll (nurse)

Wedding doll "World Tree"

"Kuzma and Demyan"

Easter egg doll

Easter dove

Doll "Sacrum"

Doll "Maslenitsa"

Doll "Kolyada"

Doll "Pelenashka"

VI

Section: Amulet dolls

"Plantain"

Doll "Twist".

Doll "Sunny Horse". Worship of the horse in peasant labor

Doll "Bell"

Dolls "Day and Night"

Doll "Northern Bereginya"

Doll of the peoples of the Kama region

Doll "Vesnyanka"

Doll "Grace"

Christmas angel

Doll "Girl's Fun" or "Girlfriend-cry"

"Housewife Prosperous"

Fevers - Fever

Total hours

III Contents of the training program

I Section: Organizational and control

Topic 1. Introductory lesson

Theory: Introductory diagnostics. Tools, devices, materials. Work safety precautions. Classification of dolls. Knotted doll. The technology of its production.

Practice: Filling out questionnaires. Answers on questions. Review of finished works and photographic materials. Making a knot doll “Bunny”.

Topic 2. Final lessons.

Theory: Job AnalysisIhalf a year and at the end of the year. Final diagnostics.

Practice: Answering questions. Practical implementation of the teacher’s assignment.

II Section: Play dolls

Topic 1 Doll "Butterfly"

Theory: Conversation from the history of gaming dolls. Safety precautions. Demonstration of the finished doll. The technology of making a doll using the techniques of winding and a protective cross.

Practice: Examination of finished works. Analysis of upcoming work. Practical work on making a “Butterfly” doll

Topic 2. Doll “Karkusha” (Magpie)

Theory: Conversation “The Magpie Festival”. Riddles about crows (magpies), folk signs. Demonstration of pictures on the topic. Rules for performing the “Karkusha” doll.

Practice: Examining finished dolls. Analysis of upcoming work. Practical work on making a “Karkusha” doll. Acting out role-playing scenes.

Topic 3. "Parsley". Making decorative panels.

Theory: The story of the “Petrushka” doll. Features of making a doll using twisting and winding techniques.

Practice: Practical work on making a “Parsley” doll and decorating a panel. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 4. Doll "Couple".

Theory: Conversation about friendship. Poems and sayings about friendship. Elements of folk costume: sundress, shirt, breeches, apron, belt. Sequence of work execution. Demonstration of finished works. Technique for performing a girl, well done

Practice: Practical work on making a girl, well done. Designing work according to students' ideas.

Topic 5. " Kaluga-Tula man."

Theory: Conversation about dolls (doll is a doll in a male form). Features of the Kaluga-Tula Man doll. The belt is a sign of spiritual strength. Demonstration of the finished sample. The technique of making a doll using twisting and winding techniques.

Practice: Analysis of the upcoming work. Practical work on making the “Kaluga-Tula peasant”. Presentation of finished works.

Topic 6. Doll "Comforter"

Theory: The story about the doll “Comforter”. Poems on the topic. Sample demonstration. Doll making technology.

Practice: Independent work on making the “Comforter” doll. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 7. Traditional folk costume: children's, women's, men's.

Theory: Conversation about traditional folk costume. Demonstration of dolls in folk costume, illustrations, photographs. Proverbs and sayings on the topic. The concept of a template.

Practice: Answering questions. Assignment: draw and color a women's suit according to a template.

Topic 8. " Mommy and baby."

Theory: Conversation about motherhood. Pillar dolls. Proverbs and poems on the topic. Demonstration of finished dolls, illustrations. Features of making columnar dolls.

Practice: Practical work on making “Mother and Baby”. Working on a doll's costume. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 9. Doll "Goat"

Theory: The story of Christmastide and the role of the “Goat” in Christmastime mummers. Nursery rhymes on the topic. Getting to know natural material - bast. Demonstration of finished samples and illustrations. Technology for making the “Goat” doll.

Practice: Answering questions. Analysis of upcoming work. Practical making of a “Goat” doll from bast and a doll costume.

Topic 10. Doll on a stick

Theory: A story about stick dolls. The importance of trees for making dolls. Demonstration of finished samples. The sequence of making a doll using the techniques of winding and winding.

Practice: Answering questions. Analysis of upcoming work. Practical work on making a doll on a stick. Working on the doll's image.

Topic 11. Souvenirs: dolls - babies

Theory: A story about souvenirs. The concept is “souvenir”. Demonstration of illustrations and finished samples. The technique of making dolls in male and female form using the techniques of winding, reeling, and protective cross.

Practice: Practical work on making dolls - babies in male and female form. Design of doll costumes. Analysis of finished works.

III Section: Ritual dolls

Topic 1. "A gift for a gift"

Theory: A story about ritual dolls: an introduction to the ancient custom of gifting. Sayings, songs on the topic. Demonstration of finished dolls, photographs. Technology for making a “Gift for a Gift” doll using a protective cross.

Practice: Practical work on making a “Gift for a Gift” doll. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 2. Doll "Kuvadka". Making Central Russian squash.

Theory: A story about the Kuvada ritual. Introducing the types of cutters. Demonstration of finished samples and illustrations. The sequence of performing the Central Russian Kuvadka, Tula and Vyatka.

Practice: Examination of samples. Practical work on the production of Central Russian, Tula and Vyatka squash. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 3. " Martinichki." Ritual "Invocation of Spring".

Theory: Conversation about the ritual “Invocation of Spring.” Technology for making dolls from threads. Safety precautions when working with scissors and threads. Demonstration of finished dolls. Sequence of execution of the Martinichki doll.

Practice: Answering questions. Analysis of upcoming work. Exercise on winding threads. Practical work on making dolls« Martinichki." Summing up the work.

Topic 4. Doll "Bird".

Theory: Songs - chants, folk signs of the month. Demonstration of finished dolls. The sequence of performing the “Bird” doll.

Practice: Analysis of upcoming work. Practical making of a “Bird” doll using the protective cross technique. Decoration of dolls.

Topic 5. Wedding doll “Lovebirds”.

Theory: A story about folk wedding traditions. Wedding ceremony. Proverbs, songs, signs. Demonstration of wedding dolls. Technology for making the Lovebirds doll using techniques: protective cross, winding, winding. Use of natural material – birch branch.

Practice: Answering questions. Analysis of upcoming work. Practical work on making a Lovebirds doll. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 6. " Vepsian doll" (nurse).

Theory: Conversation about the Vepsian people and the history of the Vepsian doll. Features of manufacturing technology. Demonstration of finished dolls, photographs.

Practice: Examination of works. Practical production« Vepsian doll"

Topic 7. Wedding doll “World Tree”

Theory: Conversation about the World Tree doll. Demonstration of finished samples, photographs. Using a birch spear. The technology of making a doll using the techniques of twisting, winding, winding.

Practice: Analysis of manufacturing technology. Practical work on making a “World Tree” doll. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 8. "Kuzma and Demyan."

Theory: The story of Saints Kuzma and Demyan and their significance in peasant life. Folk signs and sayings. Demonstration of finished works. Use of natural material – birch branch. The sequence of making the “Kuzma and Demyan” doll.

Practice: Examination of samples. Analysis of upcoming work. Practical work on the doll “Kuzma and Demyan”. Features of fabric selection.

Topic 9. Easter egg doll.

Theory: Conversation about the Orthodox holiday of Easter, acquaintance with traditions. Poems on the topic. Demonstration of the finished doll, illustrations. Features of making a doll for an Easter egg.

Practice: Analysis of upcoming work. Practical work on making a doll. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 10. "Easter Dove".

Theory: Easter Dove doll. Poems on the topic. Demonstration of the finished doll, illustrations. The technology of making a doll using the winding technique.

Practice: Analysis of upcoming work. Practical execution of the doll. Analysis of the work done.

Topic 11. Doll "Sacrum"

Theory: A story about the features of the “Sacrum” doll. Introducing the concept of “deputy doll”. Demonstration of the finished doll, photographs. Using natural material – tree branches.

Practice: Answering questions. Examination of the sample. Practical making of the “Sacrum” doll. Analysis of the work done.

Topic 12. Doll "Maslenitsa".

Theory: Conversation about the national holiday “Maslenitsa”, the traditions of the holiday. Demonstrations of finished dolls, illustrations. Jokes, nursery rhymes. Using natural material - tree branches. Sequence of execution of the doll.

Practice: Analysis of upcoming work. Practical work on the Maslenitsa doll. Decorating the doll with ribbons, beads, beads, threads.

Topic 13 . Doll "Kolyada"

Theory: Conversation about the holiday Christmas. Traditions of the holiday. Christmas carols. Folk signs, songs - nursery rhymes. Demonstration of the finished doll and illustrations. The technology of making a doll using the techniques of a protective cross and winding.

Practice: Answering questions. Examination of the sample. Practical work on making a “Kolyada” doll. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 14. Doll "Pelenashka"

Theory: Conversation about the traditions of motherhood and childhood in Rus'. Introducing the "Pelenashka" doll. Demonstration of illustrations, paintings and finished works. Features of choosing fabric for the “Pelenashka” doll. The sequence of making a doll using twisting and winding techniques.

Practice: Analysis of upcoming work. Practical making of the “Pelenashka” doll. Analysis of finished works.

IV Section: Amulet dolls

Topic 1. Doll "Plantain".

Theory: Conversation about amulets dolls. Getting to know the “Plantain” doll. Folk signs of “on the road”, riddles, rebus. Traffic Laws. Demonstration of the finished sample. The sequence of performing work using winding and reeling techniques.

Practice: Examination of the finished sample. Answers on questions. Practical making of the “Plantain” doll. Analysis of the work done.

Topic 2. Doll "Twist".

Theory: Conversation about spinning dolls. Manufacturing features. Demonstration of finished samples and illustrations. Safety precautions when working with scissors. The sequence of performing the “Twist” doll is 2 options. Techniques: twisting, winding.

Practice: Answering questions. Analysis of upcoming work. Practical work on making a “Twist” doll, option 1, option 2. Exercises to perform techniques: twisting, winding. Clothes for dolls, hair, scarf.

Topic 3. Doll “Sunny Horse”. Worship of the horse in peasant labor.

Theory: The story about the doll “Sunny Horse”. Worship of the horse in peasant labor. Riddles on the topic, proverbs. Demonstration of finished dolls, paintings, illustrations.

Practice: Examination of samples. Exercise on basic techniques: twisting, winding, protective cross. Practical work on making a “Sunny Horse” doll.

Topic 4 . Doll "Bell".

Theory: Conversation about the meaning of bells in Rus'. Introducing the "Bell" doll. Riddles, proverbs. Demonstration of finished dolls and paintings. Safety precautions when working with scissors. Features of fabric selection. The sequence of performing the “Bell” doll using the techniques of winding and winding.

Practice: Answering questions. Examination of the sample. Practical work on making a “Bell” doll. Analysis of finished works

Topic 5. Dolls "Day and Night".

Theory: Conversation on the topic of the doll “Amulets of the Home” and their place in the Russian hut. Demonstration of finished dolls, illustrations (“Day and Night”, “Northern Bereginya”, “Bereginya at Home”). Technology for making a “Day and Night” doll (2 options) using techniques: protective cross, winding, winding. Features of fabric selection.

Practice: Answering questions. Examination of samples. Practical work on making dolls “Day and Night” option 1, option 2. Analysis of finished works.

Topic 6. Doll “Northern Bereginya”

Theory: Demonstration of the finished doll. Safety precautions when working with scissors. The sequence of performing the “Northern Bereginya” doll using the winding technique.

Practice: Analysis of upcoming work. Practical work

For centuries, people have created rag dolls and amulets with their own hands. Such dolls were supposed to protect family members from adversity and illness, bring happiness and prosperity to the house, and protect them from evil spirits. they were created from natural materials and improvised means, they were cherished, loved, and passed on from generation to generation.

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What are amulets dolls and what is their function?

A small doll made of fabric, thread, straw or herbs, dressed in beautiful, embroidered clothes, was not intended for children's play. Only a woman could make a doll-amulet, as the continuer of the family and the keeper of the hearth; men were not allowed to do such a thing.

Craftswomen tried to create a doll without using sharp objects - scissors, knives or needles (needles were allowed when embroidering doll clothes). Another important condition is that the doll should not have a face so that evil spirits do not enter it through the eyes.

Such amulets-dolls helped in difficult life situations; they can be roughly divided into several groups:

• guardians of the home and family hearth;
• guardians of the life and health of children and adults;
• guardians of pregnant women and babies, assistants in childbirth;
• bringing good luck, prosperity, wealth;
• patrons of crafts, trade, agricultural work, good harvests;
• guardians of warriors and travelers;
• protectors from evil spirits and evil spirits;
• dolls for fortune telling.

Slavic

Girls began sewing their first amulets dolls with their own hands in childhood under the guidance of their mothers and older sisters. By the time she got married, the girl already knew how to make such amulets for various needs. The future bride also had in her dowry chest several dolls for her future home and new family. The experience of creating amulets dolls was passed down through the female line, from mother to daughter.

The main Slavic doll amulets and their meaning are given in the table:

Name	For what occasion was it made?	What did the doll look like, what materials were used to create it?	The meaning of the amulet doll
Bereginya	For birthdays, weddings, housewarmings	Red threads and red shreds	An assistant to a woman in household chores and childbirth. Guardian of the house from evil spirits.
Grace	April 7 or Christmas (as a gift)	Birch or rowan tree. She was depicted with her hands raised up.	Brings good news to the house, helps in raising children.
Ten-handle	As a wedding gift, the bride could also make such a doll for her own wedding	The doll has 10 hands to keep up with all household chores.	Helping the young housewife with numerous household chores.
Ash doll	For a wedding (cooked by a mother for her daughter-bride)	The doll's head was made from soaked ash. The doll had no arms or legs. Often Pelenashka was tied to the ash doll.	A symbol of motherhood and well-being in the home.
Kuvadka	For the birth of a child	A very simple motanka doll, shaped like a cross.	They helped the mother during childbirth, protected the woman and the newborn baby.
plantain	Before a long journey	A pinch of ash from the hearth was placed in the doll’s bag.	Helped with hardships on the road and brought good luck.
Bird Joy	To welcome spring	The doll was decorated with bright ribbons, feathers, and bows.	She took part in the ritual holidays of the invocation of spring.
Comforter	For small children	A stuffed motanka doll in the shape of a soft, fat woman.	The doll was given to the child only when it was necessary to comfort him. Didn't serve as a child's toy.

Russian national

Russian folk dolls are closely related to national traditions and rituals. Ritual dolls were prepared for certain holidays, after which they were destroyed or stored until the next holiday.

The following dolls were made from:

• fabrics;
• thread;
• wood;
• clay.

There are three main dolls:

1. Kupavka - a doll was prepared on the day of the Summer Solstice from two poles fastened in the shape of a cross. Bunches of straw were tied onto poles to create a human-sized doll. The doll was dressed up in real women's clothing - a shirt and sundress, with long ribbons tied to the sleeves. At the end of the Ivan Kupala holiday, Kupavka was released along the river.
2. Kostroma (Maslenitsa) - the doll was prepared at the beginning of Maslenitsa week. Just like Kupavka, Kostroma was made human-sized or even larger, and dressed in women's clothing. Kostroma was burned on the last day of the Maslenitsa celebration.
3. Easter (Verbnitsa) - the doll was prepared a week before Easter, on the eve of Palm Sunday. They tried to make the doll without scissors and needles from red scraps and rags. The finished doll was put up in the window for everyone to see, and on Easter it was placed on the table along with Easter cakes and colored eggs.

Kupavka Kostroma (Maslenitsa) Easter (Verbnitsa)

Rules for creating amulet dolls

When making amulets dolls, you should follow the following rules:

1. Start work in a good mood. Remember that the doll absorbs part of the energy of the craftswoman, so you should not start working on the doll in a state of irritation, fatigue or illness.
2. There should be no men or grown-up boys near the craftswoman. An exception may be young boys, but they should not distract the craftswoman.
3. Create a doll not on the table, but on your lap. Cover yourself with a scarf to prevent hair from accidentally getting into the doll.
4. Do not touch the doll with sharp objects (scissors, knives, needles) or glue. Clothes should be sewn separately and then put on the doll.
5. Try to make the doll before you go to bed.
6. Use natural materials without dyes to create a doll. This can be cotton and linen fabrics, matting, threads, ropes, ribbons, straw, etc.
7. Finished dolls cannot be washed or thrown in the trash. If you need to get rid of a doll, it should be burned, buried in the ground, and floated down the river.
8. The very first doll should be made for yourself and left in your home.

Instructions for making dolls

Motanka - from the word to reel. This is a doll made from scraps, all the elements of which are wound with a long thread. The thread cannot be cut, no knots can be made, only one knot is allowed in the navel area. When wearing a motanka, you must wear a long shirt, skirt and headscarf. The face cannot be embroidered or drawn; you should either leave a clean piece of fabric or tie the face crosswise with threads.

• two pieces of white fabric 10x10 cm;
• scraps of colored fabric;
• hair yarn;
• spool of red thread;
• synthetic padding tape for the head;
• ribbons, braid, lace for decorating and finishing the doll.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Roll a white piece of thick fabric tightly into a tube. These will be the doll's legs.
2. For the shoes, we cut out two 5x5 cm squares from a colored scrap. We apply each square to the opposite ends of the tube and wrap it around them. We fix it with threads.
3. Fold the tube exactly in half, step back 2 cm from the fold and wrap it with thread.
4. Wind the padding polyester tape onto the fold marked with threads. This will be the head.
5. Place the head in the center of the white flap, fold the fabric evenly around the head and wrap the threads around the neck.
6. Make handles from the right and left corners of the flap by tucking the fabric inward. Secure the ends of the handles with thread.
7. Make a body from the front and back corners of the flap, tying it with thread.
8. Wind the yarn onto a book of suitable width. The thicker the winding, the more magnificent the doll's hair will be.
9. Cut the winding at one end and tie it with a piece of yarn at the other.
10. Place your hair on your head, spread it evenly and tie it around your neck with a thread very tightly. Braid your hair.
11. Measure the height of the doll and sew her a sundress from a colored scrap. Put it on the doll.

You should always cut out and sew clothes for a doll separately so that the needles do not touch the doll’s body.

Watch how to make a motanka doll “Happiness” step by step in the video of the AllatRa TV Dnepr channel.

Metlushka

The Broom doll will sweep away all quarrels and troubles from the house. Such a doll was hung in the kitchen, right above the front door. If the doll fell from its place to the floor, it was believed that it had fulfilled its purpose, and a new Broom should be made.

Metlushka doll

To make a doll you will need:

• small broom (buy or make yourself);
• 2 square pieces of white fabric (size depends on the size of the broom);
• colored fabric (for sundress, scarf and apron);
• red ribbon;
• spool of white thread;
• spool of red thread;
• yarn.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Wrap the yarn around the broom handle to form a round head.
2. Wrap the white piece around the head and wrap it with white thread.
3. Make a slit in the center of the second white flap and place it on the broom. Form the doll's arms, securing them with red thread.
4. Separately sew a colored sundress and an apron and put it on the doll.
5. Cover the head with a scarf and decorate with ribbon. The Metlushka doll is ready.

When creating the doll's head, try to keep the face smooth and even, without folds or wrinkles.

Photo gallery

In the photo you can see how to make a Metlushka doll step by step.

Valdai doll Bell

To make a doll you will need:

• 3 round pieces with a diameter of 15, 20 and 22 cm (1 red and 2 multi-colored);
• 1 white piece 12x13 cm;
• 1 multi-colored patch for a scarf 15x15x21;
• small bell;
• a piece of cotton wool or padding polyester;
• red thick threads;
• red ribbon.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Roll the cotton wool or padding polyester into a ball and secure the bell to it with a thread.
2. Place the bell-shaped cotton wool in the center of the largest round patch.
3. Wrap the fabric around the bell cotton to form a head. Secure with thread.
4. Wrap the second largest scrap around the first and also secure with thread.
5. Wrap and secure the third flap in the same way.
6. Lay out a white rectangular piece of fabric, fold the corners towards each other.
7. Attach the flap to the head, carefully crumple the fabric so that it does not wrinkle on the doll’s face. Secure with thread.
8. Form handles by folding the long ends of the white fabric inward. Secure the ends of the handles with thread, stepping back a little from the edge.
9. Tie a scarf. The Bell doll is ready.

Small bells can be purchased at a fishing store.

Photo gallery

Amulet doll made of linen threads

To make a doll you will need:

• undyed linen threads;
• red wool threads.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Take a thick book or box, about the height of your palm. Wind threads around it for three parts of the doll: the thickest for the body, 2 times thinner for the arms and for the pigtail.
2. Cut the windings on one side. You should get three bundles of thread.
3. For the handles, braid them and secure with red thread. Cut the braid on the other side and also secure with thread.
4. Measure 1 meter of red thread. At the body, mark the head by tying it in the middle of a long thread.
5. Tie the braid bun at one end with a knot, pull it through the head and secure it to the top of the head. Braid the braid and tie the end with thread.
6. We insert a pigtail-handle into the body, fasten it crosswise with the ends of a long thread, and then tie it on the belt, leaving a belt.
7. Tie the doll's head with a headband of red thread. The doll is ready.

Well-being

The Prosperous doll is the first assistant for the housewife; she will also take trouble away from the house, and will attract prosperity and well-being to the house. These dolls were given as gifts for weddings and housewarmings.

Blessed Doll

To make a doll you will need:

• white flap 10x10 cm (for the head);
• colored scrap 15x5 (for handles);
• a colored piece of round shape with a diameter of 12 cm (for a skirt);
• colored piece of triangular shape, 18 cm on the long side (for a scarf);
• ribbons (for an apron and belt);
• spool of white thread;
• cotton wool for filling.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Place a ball of cotton wool in the center of the white piece, wrap the fabric around it and wrap it with thread. The doll head is ready.
2. Fold the strip for the handles in half and fold the edges inward. You should get a narrow four-layer strip of material. Tie a knot in the middle.
3. Tie the handles with threads to the doll’s neck, raising them above the head.
4. Gather the round scrap along the edge with a simple seam to create a pouch. Place a coin and cotton wool inside.
5. Insert the head with handles into the bag. Tighten the thread and additionally wrap it around the doll to hold it tighter.
6. Lower the doll's arms down, tie her an apron, a belt and a scarf. The Well-Being doll is ready.

Photo gallery

Swaddlers

To make a doll you will need:

• 2 white scraps 20x30 for the body;
• multi-colored scrap 25x25 for a diaper;
• red rag 10x10 for a scarf;
• red wool thread;
• beautiful lace.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Place two white pieces on top of each other, fold in half, then in half again and roll into a tight roll. Tie the roll with red thread. This will be the body of the doll.
2. Fold the red piece in half and put it on like a scarf on the body.
3. We lay out the flap for the diaper on the table. We bend one corner towards the center and place the body on the diaper.
4. We fold the diaper on the left and then on the right.
5. We bend the bottom edge of the diaper and lift it up.
6. We tie the doll with a string. The Diaper doll is ready.

Photo gallery

Bunnies dolls

To make a doll you will need:

• a piece of colored fabric 10x20 cm;
• cotton wool or synthetic winterizer;
• red threads.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. Fold the fabric in half along the short side of the flap. Fold it into a corner, wrap it with thread three times and tie a knot (do not cut the thread). These will be Bunny ears.
2. Roll a thick ball of cotton wool and insert it under the Bunny's ears. Cover with a cloth and wrap the neck with the same thread, forming a head.
3. We wrap the remaining fabric inward, bend it 1 cm from the edge and tuck it under the neck. We wrap the same thread crosswise, forming paws. The doll is ready.

Step-by-step diagram for creating a Bunny doll

In the video you can watch a master class for beginners on making a “Bunny” doll. Filmed by the channel “U-mama. ru".

Lovebirds

Lovebirds - a man and a woman holding hands tightly - a traditional Slavic wedding talisman. Lovebirds were prepared on the eve of the wedding, and during the wedding they were hung under the arc of the horse carrying the newlyweds. Then the doll was kept in the young family, protecting marital love and fidelity in the house.

Lovebirds

To make a doll you will need:

• a thin, even stick about 30 cm long;
• a piece of white fabric 15–40 cm (for a stick);
• 2 pieces of white fabric 20x40 cm (for a woman’s torso) and 20x20 cm (for a man’s torso);
• 2 pieces of red fabric 15x30 cm (for a woman’s shirt) and 15x20 (for a man’s shirt);
• striped or colored patch 20x30 cm (for pants);
• multi-colored patchwork 20x20 cm (for a scarf);
• a dark-colored patch 10x10 cm (for a hat);
• braids and ribbons;
• padding polyester;
• beautiful fabric for an apron;
• a spool of thick red thread;
• wire and pieces of leather for boots (you can use cut off fingers from old leather gloves).

Step-by-step instruction:

1. We wrap the stick in white fabric and secure the fabric with thread on both sides. These will be the doll's hands.
2. Fold the white fabric 20x40 in 4 times, tucking it inward. You should get a long narrow strip. We fold it in half, stepping back a little, and tie it with red thread, outlining the head. We fill our heads with padding polyester. The body for the female figurine is ready.
3. We put the body to the arm and fix it with a thread crosswise. We make the torso for the male figurine in a similar way - we fold the flap for the pants 4 times, tucking the fabric inward.
4. We attach the pants to the hand and tie them with thread from the bottom. From a white 20x20 piece of paper we make a head for a man in the same way as we did for a woman. Stuff it with padding polyester and secure it with thread on your hand.
5. We fold the red scraps in half and make simple patterns for shirts for women and men.
6. We cut a hole for the head and put it on the dolls.
7. We secure the shirts with beautiful braids or ribbons. We also put on an apron for the woman.
8. We insert a wire into the boots and secure them with threads on the man’s feet.
9. We tie a ribbon around the woman's head and cover it with a scarf. We apply the flap for the hat to the man’s head, wrap it around and bend the edges inward at the back of the head. Secure with braid or tape.
10. We tie a thread to the Lovebirds so that they can hang them. The Lovebirds doll is ready.

Photo gallery

Krupenichka

To make a doll you will need:

• canvas or linen fabric 20x20 cm (for the body) and 7x20 (for the arms);
• wide lace ribbon 10 cm (for the undershirt);
• a flap along the width of the lace ribbon (for the outer shirt);
• a small piece of soft, plain fabric (for a warrior on the head);
• a piece of beautiful fabric 40x40 (for a scarf);
• embroidered apron;
• needle and thread;
• any cereal or mixture of cereals.

Step-by-step instruction:

1. We sew an oblong bag from a 20x20 flap, pour the cereal into it and carefully sew it up or tie it with a knot.
2. Wrap a lace ribbon around your waist and wrap it with thread. Attach a piece of the top shirt with a thread on top, leaving a gap between the edges 2-3 cm wide.
3. We wrap the head with a soft piece of warrior cloth, hiding the sewn end of the bag under it.
4. We twist a long strip of fabric on both sides with the wrong side inward. Then we lean the doll against the back so that the twisted arms are at shoulder level. We fix everything with thread.
5. Using the same thread we attach the apron to the body.
6. We tie a scarf so that the upper edges of the handles are hidden under it. The Krupenichka doll is ready.

Herbalist

The herbalist protected the health of all family members. Such a talisman was made for a sick person; often the doll was given to children to play with. This is not without reason, because the Herbalist is filled with medicinal herbs (chamomile, mint, lemon balm, St. John's wort, thyme, etc.) that help improve health, a kind of aromatherapy. The herbs in the doll need to be changed once a year.

Master The class is designed for children of the senior group of kindergarten, teachers, and parents.

Purpose: gaming doll for child; amulet; handmade gift.

Target: Formation of children's interest in the history and culture of Russian people, through the production of traditional folk doll"Twist".

Tasks:

- educational: teach children to make folk doll"Twist". Enrich students’ knowledge about the history and diversity of folk doll;

-developing: to develop in students fine motor skills, perseverance, attention, eye and ability to work with scraps of fabric;

-educational: cultivate interest in one’s culture people and careful attitude towards doll. Cultivate aesthetic taste in production dolls"Twist".

Basic Concepts: doll, folk doll, Ragdoll, modern doll, amulets, rituals, games dolls.

Materials.

2 squares of white fabric (20x20) for the torso and blouse;

One square (20x20) and two strips of colored fabric for a sundress;

A rectangular patch for an apron and a triangular one for a scarf;

White threads;

Sintepon (cotton wool) for volume;

braid for the belt.

ABOUT I’ll tell you now about the folk doll,

And if you like it, I’ll show you how to do it.

Handmade dolls for centuries accompanied the life of Russian peasants. They were carefully kept in chests and passed down from generation to generation. Mothers, older sisters, grandmothers sewed dolls for small children, “...despite all the incredible busyness, they found time for this. The child was specially taught traditional manufacturing techniques dolls, and from the age of five the simplest rag doll Any girl could do it." And they started teaching girls how to make dolls already from the age of three.

main feature dolls, is that it is made without a needle and is faceless. For a child doll will be a friend toy and a talisman at the same time, so it’s useless to prick her with a needle, and make a face folk beliefs cannot, since such doll can gain a soul and become dangerous. A "faceless" the doll is considered an inanimate object and cannot harm the child. A doll made with love by your own hands will be a source of pride for her. craftswomen.

Pupa manufacturing technology

Take one square of white fabric and fold the edge inward.

We put padding polyester in the middle

Perform a tight twist.

The result is a twist - a roll. This "body" our doll.

We tie the twist with thread at the level of the neck and waist.

We take the second square of white fabric, place a twist and a piece of padding polyester in the center.

Tie with thread at neck level.

Straighten the fabric. Let's try to remove excess folds from the face dolls.

Forming hands: we determine their length and wrap the excess fabric inside. We tuck the edges of the sleeve into the middle.

We measure the size of the palms and tighten them with thread. We tie the loose corners around the body with a thread on the belt, trying to distribute the fabric evenly.

The basis of our dolls are ready. But the outfit is your imagination and creativity. We have done sundress for doll. We take two narrow colored strips of fabric and place them crosswise across the shoulders on the chest and back. We tie it with a thread at the waist.

Fold the square of colored fabric in half. We wrap it around the body.

We tighten it with thread and tie it.

We tie a scarf on the doll, tie a belt and the doll is ready.

The doll is decorated with an apron. The ornament is drawn felt-tip pen.

Thank you for your attention!

Publications on the topic:

Friends, colleagues, I can’t help but share my impressions with you. At the end of October, our group held a master class with parents on manufacturing.

Master class “Rag doll Krupenichka” Master class “Rag doll - little one” Purpose: To reveal the methods of moral activity of a preschooler. Objectives: Replenish knowledge about folk.

The folk doll Otdarok - na - gift is so easy to make that it can easily be made by children of senior preschool age. Earlier.

In our group there is a folk art corner in which kitchen utensils, napkins and towels embroidered with satin stitch are placed, it is wonderful.

Traditional folk doll

Amulet doll for happy motherhood

Master class with step-by-step photos “Traditional folk amulet doll for happy motherhood”

The master class is intended for middle-aged and older children, educators, educators, and anyone who is passionate about folk dolls and its history.
Performed: Svetlana Khristyanovna Lapteva, teacher, State Budgetary Institution of the National Social Organization “Social Rehabilitation Center for Minors”, Tatarsk
Purpose: can be a touching gift for friends, family and loved ones; it can be solemnly presented to a newlywed couple with best wishes of love, care, fidelity, and service to your family.
Target: create a traditional folk doll-amulet for happy motherhood.
Tasks:
- teach how to make a rag folk doll using traditional technology;
- introduce Russian folk traditions through familiarity with twisted dolls;
- cultivate love for folk culture, veneration and respect for folk traditions;
- instill skills of work culture and accuracy;
- cultivate a caring attitude towards the objects of your work.

Today, the problem of preserving and caring for folk culture is acute. And we must strive to ensure that the younger generation knows the traditions and customs of the Russian people, the history of folk culture, and can be imbued with a sense of understanding of its antiquity and greatness, in order to become familiar with its origins. The source of such a heritage for our children can be a traditional folk doll, which has been undeservedly forgotten.
Rag dolls originated from ritual figurines associated with the veneration of female deities, cults of fertility, ancestors and the hearth. Ash, grain, linen tow, and rags were used to stuff a rag doll. Stable characteristics of rag dolls were passed down from generation to generation: simple design, pronounced female characteristics (breasts, long braid), facelessness. A doll without a face was considered inaccessible to the infusion of evil forces into it. An important detail of the doll was the breast - a reminder of its connection with the cult of fertility and motherhood. The doll became a talisman. Masters created dolls for their families. Toys not only entertained the child, but also introduced him to everyday peasant labor.
By creating a toy on their own, children learned to work with different tools, acquiring skills and giving free rein to their imagination. Playing with homemade dolls, the girls learned to spin, sew, and embroider. The dolls were taken care of and passed down from generation to generation. Thanks to a rag doll, a child from a very early age learned the meaning of a woman-mother, her function to give life, feed, educate in strict love, and pass on traditions. The image of the doll was real and recognizable. He reflected typical characters and professional interests. This is how respect for the family’s way of life and interest in culture were fostered. A doll was considered the best gift.
Making a doll itself has a healing effect - it helps you relax your soul, feel the joy of the beauty being born in your hands. Our great-grandmothers knew how to make dolls that brought good luck to the house, comforted children, and drove away illnesses.
By making traditional dolls, we plunge into the mysterious world of our ancestors, into women's secrets - the secrets of motherhood. It turns out that in this simple activity you can discover depths that you don’t even suspect about, secrets that have come down to us from the depths of centuries.

A talisman for happy motherhood, presented in the form of a doll with babies.
The amulet in the image of a woman with a baby in her arms was considered very strong and was always given with wishes of well-being, peace in the family and in the soul, a calm, joyful and confident existence. It symbolized a woman who got married and had children. And the ability to give birth was especially significant for our ancestors. The joy of being a mother reflected that such a woman was doing well. The doll was created when they wanted or were already waiting for the baby to appear. They also gave it to weddings with wishes for healthy children, for the birth of a new family, to especially honored guests, when they wanted to show respect.
This doll, which has come down to this day from time immemorial, is a wonderful example of folk art that educates and makes you think.

Let's prepare the necessary materials and tools.

To complete the work we need:
- coarse cotton fabric;
- pieces of multi-colored and colored fabric;
- canvas;
- lace:
- red floss threads;
- scissors;
- padding polyester;
- needle.
Let's twist. To do this, take a piece of cotton fabric measuring 30/38 and fold the fabric in half.

We twist the column tightly and evenly. The height of the column will be = 15 cm. We tie the column with red thread along its entire height.

We round the head a little with padding polyester and mark the neck with threads.

Take a square of coarse cotton fabric measuring 20/20 cm

We place a square of plain fabric on the head.

Secure with red thread along the neck line.

Now let's make the hands. Fold the corner 1-1.5 cm.

Fold the edges towards the middle.

At a distance of 1 cm from the edge, we make the doll’s palm and pull the fabric with thread.

There is no need to cut the threads after tying.

We tie it tightly with thread at the doll's waist.

Let's make a skirt. Take a piece of colored fabric measuring 12/30 and make a stitch and a small gather along the top edge.

We wrap the doll with a skirt patch, right side inward.

We tie it tightly with thread along the waist line.

Turn it right side out and straighten it.

We take a piece of canvas and make an apron out of it, pulling out the threads along the edge.

We’ll embroider a simple design on the apron, but you don’t have to do it.

We fix the apron. We place it in the middle of the skirt, with the front side inward, and drag it along the waist line.

We turn away the apron.

We tie a piece of lace around the head.

We tie the doll's head. To do this, you need to cut out a small triangle-kerchief.

We tie the strings on the doll’s hands. After all, she will need to hold her children.

Making a baby. Take a piece of coarse cotton fabric measuring 10/7cm, twist the column tightly and tie it with red thread. We cut out a scarf from white fabric and fasten it on the baby’s head, as shown in the photo.

Let's swaddle the baby. Take a piece of size 10/13 for a diaper. We swaddle as shown in the photo. We bend the open edges of the fabric inward so that there are no threads and the work looks neat and aesthetically pleasing, we tie it up.