Calculation of the cubic capacity of boards will depend on whether the board is edged (including planed) or unedged. In the first case, it is easier to calculate the cubic capacity, since the lumber has the correct geometric shape parallelepiped. cubic capacity not edged boards– the one whose sides are unprocessed, the ambulance, is calculated somewhat differently.
Fortunately, calculating the cubic capacity of the board is not difficult. Either will help you with this table “How many boards in a cube”, or formula. The latter option is more reliable and more accurate.
Calculation of cubic capacity of edged boards
How many boards are in a cube (table)
From this table you can find out answers to the following popular questions: how to calculate the cubic capacity of boards, how many boards are in a cube, how many square meters boards in a cube, how many cubes are in one board according to the most popular sizes.
Edged board
Cubic capacity of edged boards 50 millimeters thick
Size(mm) | m 2 in 1 m 3 | Pieces of boards in 1 m 3 | |
100*6000 | 20 | 33 | 0,03 |
120*6000 | 27 | 0,036 | |
150*6000 | 22 | 0,045 | |
180*6000 | 18 | 0,054 | |
200*6000 | 16 | 0,06 | |
250*6000 | 13 | 0,075 |
The cubic capacity of edged boards is 40 millimeters thick
Size(mm) | m 2 in 1 m 3 | Pieces of boards in 1 m 3 | Volume of one board (in “cubes”) |
100*6000 | 25 | 41 | 0,024 |
120*6000 | 34 | 0,0288 | |
150*6000 | 27 | 0,036 | |
180*6000 | 23 | 0,0432 | |
200*6000 | 20 | 0,048 | |
250*6000 | 16 | 0,06 |
The cubic capacity of edged boards is 32 millimeters thick
Size(mm) | m 2 in 1 m 3 | Pieces of boards in 1 m 3 | Volume of one board (in “cubes”) |
100*6000 | 31 | 52 | 0,0192 |
120*6000 | 43 | 0,023 | |
150*6000 | 34 | 0,0288 | |
180*6000 | 28 | 0,0346 | |
200*6000 | 26 | 0,0384 | |
250*6000 | 20 | 0,048 |
Cubic capacity of edged boards 30 millimeters thick
Size(mm) | m 2 in 1 m 3 | Pieces of boards in 1 m 3 | Volume of one board (in “cubes”) |
100*6000 | 33 | 55 | 0,018 |
120*6000 | 46 | 0,0216 | |
150*6000 | 37 | 0,027 | |
180*6000 | 30 | 0,0324 | |
200*6000 | 27 | 0,036 | |
250*6000 | 22 | 0,045 |
The cubic capacity of edged boards is 25 millimeters thick
Size(mm) | m 2 in 1 m 3 | Pieces of boards in 1 m 3 | Volume of one board (in “cubes”) |
100*6000 | 40 | 67 | 0,015 |
120*6000 | 55 | 0,018 | |
150*6000 | 44 | 0,0225 | |
180*6000 | 37 | 0,027 | |
200*6000 | 33 | 0,03 | |
250*6000 | 26 | 0,0375 |
Cubic capacity of edged boards 20 millimeters thick
Size(mm) | m 2 in 1 m 3 | Pieces of boards in 1 m 3 | Volume of one board (in “cubes”) |
100*6000 | 50 | 83 | 0,012 |
120*6000 | 69 | 0,0144 | |
150*6000 | 55 | 0,018 | |
180*6000 | 46 | 0,0216 | |
200*6000 | 41 | 0,024 | |
250*6000 | 33 | 0,03 |
where a is the thickness of the board
b – its width
l – its length
Board cubic capacity are calculated in cubic meters, so before calculating the cubic capacity of the board, all values are converted from millimeters to meters. For example, let’s take a “magpie” board 40*200*6000: its thickness is 40 mm (0.04 m), width 200 mm (0.02 m), length – 6000 mm (6 m). Now we calculate the cubic capacity of the boards:
0.04*0.2*6=0.048 m 3
That is, one “magpie” board 100*6000 has a cubic capacity of 0.048 m 3. To determine, how many boards per cube e, all that remains is to divide 1 by the resulting amount:
1/0.048=21 boards in 1 m3.
Calculation of cubic capacity of unedged boards
An unedged board differs from an edged board in that it is not processed on the sides, that is, one side has irregular shape, and it is impossible to indicate the exact width of an unedged board. This is where the difficulties with calculating cubic capacity arise unedged boards, which are easier to explain with a specific example.
Unedged board
Suppose you need to cover a rectangular building measuring 5*7 meters and 4 meters high with unedged boards. Your board is 50 millimeters (0.05 m) thick.
First, calculate the finishing area. To do this (remember the school), we multiply the perimeter of the building (two sides by 5, two sides by 7 - a total of 24 meters) by the height - 4 meters. We get 96 m2.
Now we multiply the area by the thickness of the material: 96 * 0.05 = 4.8 m 3
It turns out that for cladding, the width of each cladding element has virtually no effect on the overall cubic capacity. There are no exact cubic capacity tables for unedged boards and there cannot be, since it is not known from what part of the log the board was cut and what its thickness is on both sides, but it can be given some average data on the cubic capacity of unedged boards:
Calculating the cubic capacity of boards: what you need to remember
All board manufacturing companies round the numbers in the direction that is beneficial to them. An error occurs. Overall small, but when we're talking about about hundreds of cubes or a lack of boards for sheathing, the question becomes an edge. For example, the volume of one board is 0.018 m3, and the manufacturer rounded this figure to 0.02 m3. As a result, instead of the expected 55 boards, you will receive only 50. Therefore, always check with sellers for this information.
We hope our article shed light on questions about how many boards are in a cube, how to calculate the cubic capacity of a board, how many boards are in a cube, and how not to get into trouble when buying lumber.
September 27, 2017Specialization: facade finishing, interior decoration, construction of cottages, garages. Experience of an amateur gardener and gardener. We also have experience in repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and many other things that I don’t have time for :)
As a rule, the volume of boards is measured in cubic meters, so when purchasing material you often have to count how many boards are in a cube. If this task causes you difficulties, I suggest you figure out how to solve it quickly and correctly.
How to calculate
As you know, the material in question is of two types:
- Edged - has a smooth cut edge;
- Unedged (shalevka) - the edges are not sawn, so they may have a wane. As a result, the width of the plate is unstable.
The calculation method depends on the type of product processing, so we will further consider both options.
Edged
It is very easy to calculate the number of edged boards in 1 m3, since it has the correct geometry. To do this, you must first calculate the volume of a unit of product using the standard formula - V=a*b*c. For example, its length is 5 meters, thickness 3 cm and width 30 cm. In this case, V = 5x0.3x0.03 = 0.045 m3.
Now we count how many pieces are in a cube - 1/0.045 = 22.2~22 pieces. If, for example, you calculate that you need to purchase 50 units, the cubic capacity will be equal to 50x0.045 = 2.25 m3.
It must be said that cubic capacity can be measured in batches, i.e. a whole stack if the lumber is laid neatly. Knowing the volume of the stack and the amount of material in it, you can calculate the volume of a product unit by dividing the total cubic capacity by the number of pieces in the package. This will allow you to calculate the amount of material in 1m3 according to the above diagram.
Of course, such a calculation is not entirely accurate, since it largely depends on how neatly the stack is folded. But in most cases high accuracy and is not required.
To avoid recalculation, you can use reference data. The table below shows the number of boards 6 meters long per cubic meter:
Unedged
It is impossible to accurately calculate the number of unedged boards in a cube, since this material does not have clear dimensions. However, it is also not difficult to obtain an approximate value.
For example, if you are going to sheathe something with wood, then you need to calculate the area that will be sheathed. Then the resulting value should be multiplied by the thickness of the material - this will be the required cubic capacity. The number in this case does not matter.
If you need to find out the number of pieces in 1m3, a table with average values will come to the rescue:
On our portal there is online calculator, which allows you to quickly calculate the number of different lumber in a cube or vice versa - cubic capacity, if the quantity is known.
- Determine the average thickness of the shalevka in the stack. For example, if the maximum width of the plate is 35 cm and the minimum is 10 cm, the average width will be (35 10)/2 = 22.5;
- Now you can calculate the volume of one shalevka using the standard formula, for example, the length is 4 meters and the thickness is 20 mm. In this case, V=4x0.225x0.02=0.018m3;
- Now we count the number of pieces in a cube - 1/0.018 = 55.5 pieces. 5 meter boards.
Keep in mind that companies that sell lumber always round up quantities in their favor. Therefore, you should buy with a small margin.
- The height, length and width of the package are measured, after which all parameters are multiplied;
- The resulting cubic capacity is multiplied by a factor of 0.96;
- Next, the resulting value lasts for the volume of the shalevka (average in width).
Please note that bags often contain spacers, e.g. wooden blocks, providing ventilation of the space inside the stack. Therefore, when calculating the height of the stack, you need to measure the height of the bars and multiply the resulting value by their number in the vertical row. Then the total height of the spacers must be subtracted from the height of the stack.
If you are going to trim the edges later, keep in mind that an unedged board produces 80% edged board.
Here, in fact, are all the instructions for calculating the amount of lumber in a cube. In the same way, you can calculate the volume of the timber.
A few words about weight
When purchasing a board, the weight of 1m3 is important, since the choice of transport for delivery depends on it. Weight depends on two parameters:
- Density of wood. As is known, different breeds have different densities;
- Humidity. The higher the moisture content of the lumber, the heavier it is.
Of course, theoretically, you can put one board on the scales with your own hands and multiply the resulting value by the number of pieces in the cube. But, since the exact value is usually not required, it is easier to use the data from the table:
Despite the fact that the price of raw material is much lower than dry material, it is usually not advisable to purchase it, because during the drying process it can become deformed or crack.
Conclusion
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It is almost impossible to achieve waste-free lumber production. There are many reasons for this. When cutting logs into lumber of standard sizes, unedged boards are obtained as a by-product.
This material is considered consumable, so there are no special requirements for its quality. As finishing material unedged boards are good hardwood
. There are many ways to highlight the unusually beautiful structure of wood. This lumber is also distinguished by the beauty of its uncut edge.
Unedged lumber: properties and features
The cubic capacity is calculated based on the width, height and length of the board. As a by-product, this construction material has a relatively low price. Therefore, it is widely used for private housing construction as auxiliary material
rough finishing of premises, etc.
The most used specimens are from 25 to 50 mm thick, from 3 to 6 m long. By determining the area of the surface to be coated and multiplying it by the thickness of the coating, we obtain the required cubic capacity unedged lumber. It is necessary to remember: the thicker the lumber, the heavier it is, the greater the load on bearing structures building.
Measuring the cubic capacity of an unedged board.
However, it will not be possible to independently calculate the volume based on the dimensions of a separate board that does not have clear edge dimensions. In this case, OST 13‑24 (Fig. 1) and GOST 5306-83 will help you calculate correctly.
Three options for calculating volume are defined: batch, piece, selective.
When purchasing a package, you need to pay attention to the following:
- the front end of the package must be aligned;
- the rows should not contain overlapping boards;
- the width of the package must be the same along the entire length;
- displacement of the outer boards inward or outward is allowed no more than 100 mm.
The piece method is clear by definition. The sample calculation method is not used when purchasing a small volume of material, so it is not practical to determine it for small batches.
Determining cubic capacity using tables
Doc.1 gives examples of how to calculate cubic capacity in packages. To do this, you need to measure the length, width, height of the package, and calculate its volume. Then multiply the result by the stacking coefficient. This coefficient is given in Doc.1. To calculate the size of a package with 25 mm thick material, the resulting volume must be multiplied by 0.61 or 0.66 (depending on the moisture content of the wood).
How to calculate cubic capacity individually, you can see in Fig. 2. Sequence of piece calculation:
- select the thickness (mm), length (m) and desired width (mm);
- Based on the known area to be covered, the required amount of material (pcs.) is calculated;
- according to the diagram in Fig. 2 determine the volume of one copy;
- Using a known quantity, the required value is found.
Scheme in Fig. 2 defines the parameter of one board. Its length is limited to a range from 3 to 6 m. The gradation in length is the same for everyone, but the gradation in width is different.
Table 1 shows the thickness values and the corresponding gradation in width. This will give you the opportunity to decide what to expect when purchasing.
Table 1
Thickness, mm | Width gradation, mm |
19 | 25,28,32,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90,100,110,125,130,150,175,180,200 |
22 | 25,28,32,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90,100,110,120,125,130,150,170,175,180,190,200,25,210,220,225,280 |
24 | 24,96,100,120,130,150,170,190,200,210,220,250,280,300 |
25 | 25,28,32,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90,100,110,125,130,150,175,180,200,225,250,275 |
28 | 28,32,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90,100,110,120,130,150,170,180,190,200,220,250,280,300, |
32 | 32,35,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90,100,110,125,130,150,175,180,200,225,250,275 |
35 | 35,40, 45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90,100,110,130,140,150,180,200 |
38 | 38,76, 100,120,150,170,190,220,250,280,300 |
40 | 40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90,100,110,125,130,150,175,180,200,225,250,275 |
44 | 75,100,125,140,150,175,200,225,250,275 |
45 | 45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90,100,110,120,130,150,170,180,200,220,250,280,300 |
48 | 48,76,96,100,120,150,170,190,220,250,280,300 |
50 | 50,55,60,65,70,75,80,90,100,110,125,130,150,175,180,200,225,250,275,300 |
The tabular method of any calculations is the simplest. However, analysis of the data shown in Fig. 2 shows that the change in cubic capacity with a change in length obeys a linear law:
V = kL+b, (1)
where V is volume (m 3), L is length (m).
Table 2 contains the values of the coefficient k and the free term b for boards 50 mm thick.
table 2
Calculator for calculating the number of boards (timbers) in one cubic meter by cross-section and length
ANSWER: 0 pieces in one cube
The calculator knows the number of boards (timbers) - how many cubes are these?
ANSWER: such boards (timbers) are 0 m3 costing 0 rubles
Table of standard sizes of sections of boards and timber.
Sections of boards and beams have standard sizes, which correspond to GOST 24454-80 "Lumber coniferous species. Dimensions"Thickness, mm | Width, mm | ||||||||
16 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | - | - | - | - | - |
19 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | - | - | - | - |
22 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | - | - |
25 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 275 |
32 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 275 |
40 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 275 |
44 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 275 |
50 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 275 |
60 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 275 |
75 | 75 | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 275 |
100 | - | 100 | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 275 |
125 | - | - | 125 | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | - |
150 | - | - | - | 150 | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | - |
175 | - | - | - | - | 175 | 200 | 225 | 250 | - |
200 | - | - | - | - | - | 200 | 225 | 250 | - |
250 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 250 | - |
Table of how many 6 meter boards are in one cube
For boards standard length 6 meters is calculated in the following table. Small section lumber available in retail sales of course less than 6 meters. Usually this is 3 m or 2.5 m. To calculate the number of any non-standard sizes use the calculator at the top of the page.No. | Section size, mm | Length, mm | Quantity in 1 cube, pcs | Area that can be sewn using 1 cube, m2 | 1 | 16x75 | 6000 | 138,89 | 62,50 | 2 | 16x100 | 6000 | 104,17 | 62,50 | 3 | 16x125 | 6000 | 83,33 | 62,50 | 4 | 16x150 | 6000 | 69,44 | 62,50 | 5 | 19x75 | 6000 | 116,96 | 52,63 | 6 | 19x100 | 6000 | 87,72 | 52,63 | 7 | 19x125 | 6000 | 70,18 | 52,63 | 8 | 19x150 | 6000 | 58,48 | 52,63 | 9 | 19x175 | 6000 | 50,13 | 52,63 | 10 | 22x75 | 6000 | 101,01 | 45,45 | 11 | 22x100 | 6000 | 75,76 | 45,45 | 12 | 22x125 | 6000 | 60,61 | 45,45 | 13 | 22x150 | 6000 | 50,51 | 45,45 | 14 | 22x175 | 6000 | 43,29 | 45,45 | 15 | 22x200 | 6000 | 37,88 | 45,45 | 16 | 22x225 | 6000 | 33,67 | 45,45 | 17 | 25x75 | 6000 | 88,89 | 40,00 | 18 | 25x100 | 6000 | 66,67 | 40,00 | 19 | 25x125 | 6000 | 53,33 | 40,00 | 20 | 25x150 | 6000 | 44,44 | 40,00 | 21 | 25x175 | 6000 | 38,10 | 40,00 | 22 | 25x200 | 6000 | 33,33 | 40,00 | 23 | 25x225 | 6000 | 29,63 | 40,00 | 24 | 25x250 | 6000 | 26,67 | 40,00 | 25 | 25x275 | 6000 | 24,24 | 40,00 | 26 | 32x75 | 6000 | 69,44 | 31,25 | 27 | 32x100 | 6000 | 52,08 | 31,25 | 28 | 32x125 | 6000 | 41,67 | 31,25 | 29 | 32x150 | 6000 | 34,72 | 31,25 | 30 | 32x175 | 6000 | 29,76 | 31,25 | 31 | 32x200 | 6000 | 26,04 | 31,25 | 32 | 32x225 | 6000 | 23,15 | 31,25 | 33 | 32x250 | 6000 | 20,83 | 31,25 | 34 | 32x275 | 6000 | 18,94 | 31,25 | 35 | 40x75 | 6000 | 55,56 | 25,00 | 36 | 40x100 | 6000 | 41,67 | 25,00 | 37 | 40x125 | 6000 | 33,33 | 25,00 | 38 | 40x150 | 6000 | 27,78 | 25,00 | 39 | 40x175 | 6000 | 23,81 | 25,00 | 40 | 40x200 | 6000 | 20,83 | 25,00 | 41 | 40x225 | 6000 | 18,52 | 25,00 | 42 | 40x250 | 6000 | 16,67 | 25,00 | 43 | 40x275 | 6000 | 15,15 | 25,00 | 44 | 44x75 | 6000 | 50,51 | 22,73 | 45 | 44x100 | 6000 | 37,88 | 22,73 | 46 | 44x125 | 6000 | 30,30 | 22,73 | 47 | 44x150 | 6000 | 25,25 | 22,73 | 48 | 44x175 | 6000 | 21,65 | 22,73 | 49 | 44x200 | 6000 | 18,94 | 22,73 | 50 | 44x225 | 6000 | 16,84 | 22,73 | 51 | 44x250 | 6000 | 15,15 | 22,73 | 52 | 44x275 | 6000 | 13,77 | 22,73 | 53 | 50x75 | 6000 | 44,44 | 20,00 | 54 | 50x100 | 6000 | 33,33 | 20,00 | 55 | 50x125 | 6000 | 26,67 | 20,00 | 56 | 50x150 | 6000 | 22,22 | 20,00 | 57 | 50x175 | 6000 | 19,05 | 20,00 | 58 | 50x200 | 6000 | 16,67 | 20,00 | 59 | 50x225 | 6000 | 14,81 | 20,00 | 60 | 50x250 | 6000 | 13,33 | 20,00 | 61 | 50x275 | 6000 | 12,12 | 20,00 | 62 | 60x75 | 6000 | 37,04 | 16,67 | 63 | 60x100 | 6000 | 27,78 | 16,67 | 64 | 60x125 | 6000 | 22,22 | 16,67 | 65 | 60x150 | 6000 | 18,52 | 16,67 | 66 | 60x175 | 6000 | 15,87 | 16,67 | 67 | 60x200 | 6000 | 13,89 | 16,67 | 68 | 60x225 | 6000 | 12,35 | 16,67 | 69 | 60x250 | 6000 | 11,11 | 16,67 | 70 | 60x275 | 6000 | 10,10 | 16,67 | 71 | 75x75 | 6000 | 29,63 | 13,33 | 72 | 75x100 | 6000 | 22,22 | 13,33 | 73 | 75x125 | 6000 | 17,78 | 13,33 | 74 | 75x150 | 6000 | 14,81 | 13,33 | 75 | 75x175 | 6000 | 12,70 | 13,33 | 76 | 75x200 | 6000 | 11,11 | 13,33 | 77 | 75x225 | 6000 | 9,88 | 13,33 | 78 | 75x250 | 6000 | 8,89 | 13,33 | 79 | 75x275 | 6000 | 8,08 | 13,33 | 80 | 100x100 | 6000 | 16,67 | 10,00 | 81 | 100x125 | 6000 | 13,33 | 10,00 | 82 | 100x150 | 6000 | 11,11 | 10,00 | 83 | 100x175 | 6000 | 9,52 | 10,00 | 84 | 100x200 | 6000 | 8,33 | 10,00 | 85 | 100x225 | 6000 | 7,41 | 10,00 | 86 | 100x250 | 6000 | 6,67 | 10,00 | 87 | 100x275 | 6000 | 6,06 | 10,00 | 88 | 125x125 | 6000 | 10,67 | 8,00 | 89 | 125x150 | 6000 | 8,89 | 8,00 | 90 | 125x175 | 6000 | 7,62 | 8,00 | 91 | 125x200 | 6000 | 6,67 | 8,00 | 92 | 125x225 | 6000 | 5,93 | 8,00 | 93 | 125x250 | 6000 | 5,33 | 8,00 | 94 | 150x150 | 6000 | 7,41 | 6,67 | 95 | 150x175 | 6000 | 6,35 | 6,67 | 96 | 150x200 | 6000 | 5,56 | 6,67 | 97 | 150x225 | 6000 | 4,94 | 6,67 | 98 | 150x250 | 6000 | 4,44 | 6,67 | 99 | 175x175 | 6000 | 5,44 | 5,71 | 100 | 175x200 | 6000 | 4,76 | 5,71 | 101 | 175x225 | 6000 | 4,23 | 5,71 | 102 | 175x250 | 6000 | 3,81 | 5,71 | 103 | 200x200 | 6000 | 4,17 | 5,00 | 104 | 200x225 | 6000 | 3,70 | 5,00 | 105 | 200x250 | 6000 | 3,33 | 5,00 | 106 | 250x250 | 6000 | 2,67 | 4,00 |
A free calculator to calculate the number of boards and joists required to lay the floor in a room with a given area.
Calculator features
The calculator performs the following actions and calculations:
- Calculates the area of the room;
- Offers optimal sizes boards and logs for laying floors;
- Calculates the optimal distance between lags;
- Calculates the volume of lumber and insulation that can be laid under the floor;
- Draws approximate diagram laying the future floor.
Features of working with the calculator
For preliminary calculations Just enter the length and width of the room in the special fields, and then click the “Calculate area” button:
Based on the data you entered, the script calculates the number and sizes of boards (taking into account the choice of the minimum standard width for laying end-to-end and of proportional thickness), as well as load-bearing joists.
Based on the calculations, the calculator draws an approximate diagram of the future floor installation. On the diagram, callouts indicate the length and width of the room, as well as the recommended gap between the joists, which are indicated by a dotted line.
If in the "Length" field you enter a number greater than in the "Width" field, the values will be swapped, taking into account the fact that the length is always the larger side of the room.
If you are not satisfied with the proposed automatically calculated parameters, you can always correct them using the input fields under the drawing:
Here it is possible to switch the direction of laying the floor to the transverse option, and there are also two sections with settings for the parameters of the boards and joists. To complete the calculations, you need to click the "Calculate" button under the input fields.
The results will open in a new browser window:
Integrating the script into other sites
* Provided that you provide an active dofollow link to our page.If you liked our script, you can install it on your website *.
In the downloaded archive you will find two files: board.html And board.js. The first contains the complete code of the calculation form and a built-in processing script. In the second, only the script is included in case of external connection.
If you do not plan to connect the script externally, you can simply copy the contents of board.html and paste it onto the desired page of your site. Otherwise, you will need to copy only the part of the code before the start of the script and uncomment the line for external connection:
P.S. Permission is granted to freely copy and quote this article, provided that an open active link to the source is indicated and the authorship of Ruslan Tertyshny is preserved.