The construction of a private house is best carried out on a flat plot that does not have a difference in height, because with a slope there is a danger of the ground sliding, which can cause the destruction of the building. If your plot of land is located on a slope, then you should not be upset, because in this case you can find your positive sides. Firstly, the house can be built at different levels, and secondly, the soil in such a site does not heave, since water does not stay in the soil for a long time. Let's consider a situation where it is necessary to build a foundation on a site with a slope.
Building a house on a sloping plot of land is not only possible, but even opens up additional design possibilities.
Preparatory work and site planning
Before working on a sloped area, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:
- concrete mixer;
- roulette;
- Master OK;
- shovel;
- level;
- building level;
- boards;
- bars;
- fittings;
- expanded clay;
- crushed stone;
- sand;
- cement.
When starting to build a house on a site with a slope, it is necessary to pre-plan everything, landscape the area, and increase the number of drains on the site.
Building a house on a slope requires additional measures. For such work, a strip foundation is best suited, but you should know that in this case you will need much more concrete mixture than when building a house on a flat surface.
Construction must begin with site planning. If the sloped area is located near a cliff, then the earth will gradually crumble. To prevent this from happening, you will need to do some landscaping (planting shrubs and trees). With their roots they will hold the earth, preventing it from falling apart. Water running down a slope can also be a problem as it will flood the structure. To avoid this situation, it is necessary to increase the number of drains on the site.
The further sequence of work at different levels of slope of the site will be slightly different. Therefore, we will consider situations when it is necessary to build a foundation on an area with a small, medium and large slope.
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Foundation on a site with a small slope
When building a house on a plot of land with a slope, the most correct option is a strip foundation.
If the height differences on a site with a slope between the extreme points of the building are less than the accepted design depth, then the overall slope of the construction site in this case can be considered small.
Sometimes developers, in order to save money on geodetic research, and novice builders who do not want to bother themselves with unnecessary measurements, consider the site to be flat within the building. In fact, small uneven surfaces and grass cover can hide a slope of up to 20 cm.
When digging a pit and a trench, this slight difference may become apparent. If you continue to ignore it, then after installing the foundation on a site with a slope, it may turn out that at the top point of the site the height of the plinth will be, for example, 60 cm, and at the bottom - 80 cm. After vertical planning and design of the blind area, the height the base on one side can be reduced to 40 cm. A situation may arise that the vents installed in the base according to the project will be located below the blind area. In this case, it will be necessary to increase the height of the base.
Ultimately, the volumes of concrete laid, sand filled and excavated earth will be greater than expected. After calculating the costs, it will become clear that more money was lost on unnecessary work than was saved on geodetic surveying. Therefore, before starting on a site with a slope, it is necessary to carry out geodetic work.
Schematic representation of a strip foundation in areas with low, medium and large slopes.
It is necessary to start digging a pit and trenches in the highest part of the site, and make all excavations at the same level. There is no need to change the height and depth of the foundation, but if the fertile layer in some part of the site is deeper, then you will need to increase the depth of the pit and trench until it is completely removed. To determine the building depth at the highest point, you can use the following expression: h T = h PV +h P, where: h T is the depth of the trench (pit), h PV is the level of height difference, h P is the thickness of the plant layer.
For example, it is known that the height difference on the site is 20 cm, and the thickness of the plant layer is 30 cm. Then h T = h PV + h P = 20+30 = 50 cm.
If the site on a slope is located lower than the adjacent area, then while digging a trench, the site should be protected with an earthen bank, drainage ditch or temporary tray to prevent rainwater from entering the trenches. After pouring the foundation on an area with a slope and removing the formwork, you need to backfill and level the surface of the site so that the blind area and the vertical layout near the house are in the same plane. After constructing the blind area, permanent storm gutters are created along the side facades and on the upland side.
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Foundation on a site with a medium slope
If the height difference at the construction site is equal to the calculated recess or exceeds it by no more than 20 cm, then the slope is considered to be average. In this case, it is incorrect to take the highest point as the base point, because the base of the foundation in the lower part will be on or above the surface.
When building on a site with an average slope, the base point will be the lowest point within the building. Sometimes the slope on the site goes diagonally. In this case, the lowest point at the intersection of the building axes will be considered the base point.
Trenches in the lower part of the site are dug to the depth of the anti-heaving cushion, but not less than the depth of the fertile layer. All other work is carried out at the same level. If the difference in heights is equal to the accepted depth of the foundation, then its height is not changed.
If the difference in heights is greater than the depth of the foundation, then the depth is assumed to be equal to the value of the difference.
Vertical backfilling of earth is done immediately after the construction of the foundation on a slope. For this purpose, well-compacted, non-heaving soil is used. In this case, when constructing the foundation, minimal labor and concrete costs are ensured, and the foundation of the building is economical and reliable. If the layout of the house is carried out with a slope, then the volume of earthworks is slightly reduced, but their cost increases.
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Foundation on a site with a large slope
On a site with a large slope, it is most rational to arrange a stepped foundation.
The slope is considered large if the height difference is much greater than the rational depth of the foundation (more than 1 m). In this case, the most correct solution would be to lay the foundation in steps for a site with a slope. Due to the high cost of such work, this type of foundation is used only for large differences in height.
In the lower part of the construction site, the foundation is constructed at the level of the ground surface, and in the upper part - with depth. The transition from one step to another is carried out using one or more ledges. Their height should be no more than 60 cm, and their length should be no less than double the height. Due to the fact that more concrete must be spent on the lower foundation, the building must be designed to make maximum use of the upper level.
A foundation on a sloping site can become an obstacle to the movement of groundwater, which leads to an increase in moisture near the base of the building. Therefore, depending on the geological situation, it sometimes becomes necessary to create a drainage system at a construction site. This system is designed before the anti-heaving cushion is poured.
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Many, not without reason, believe that a site with difficult terrain poses many problems for construction. Of course, it is possible to place a house on a perfectly flat surface with much less expense and restrictions. On the other hand, an uneven plot does not put an end to the construction of a residential building. Projects of houses on a slope require more careful development and consideration of several additional parameters. With this approach, it turns out that building on a slope has quite obvious advantages, and the disadvantages have long been studied and can be easily overcome.
Project of a country house on a plot with a slight natural slope
Plot with a slope: origin and features
The main task of designing on a slope is to competently use the existing unevenness of the terrain. The first step to creating a project is to study the characteristics of the territory, which is important for assessing the risks of ground movement. Slope can be classified into one of three types:
Slope as part (edge) of a ravine. Such a depression in the terrain is formed under the influence of rain and melt water, and often occurs in places composed of loose rocks. In such places, grasses and shrubs grow poorly, and gullies, screes and landslides are common.
Slope as part of a general decline in terrain(for example, towards the river). This is the most stable relief option.
Slope as a result of human economic activity. Perhaps the difficult terrain is the result of the accumulation of a mine dump, the removal of soil and construction waste. Such “terrain folds” are unpredictable, since they have variable density.
There are no hopeless slopes
Pros and cons of sloped areas
On almost every site with difficult terrain, it is possible to build high-quality and comfortable housing. Moreover, the house will have advantages that are not available on level land, which include the following features:
Architectural diversity. A house on a slope always looks unconventional and attracts the attention of others. The slope is an ideal place for expressive buildings with an unusual layout and original landscape solutions. The appearance of the building will be determined not only by the taste of the owners, but also by the characteristics of the site. For example, the method of access to the house (from the top or from the bottom) will affect the location of residential and utility rooms, the main facade, stairs and terraces.
Saving on sewerage. There is no need for pumps to pump out wastewater. It is enough to lay the pipes, the laws of physics will do the rest - the waste will be removed by gravity.
Saving on foundation drainage. Rain and melt water will flow down, and the house will remain dry. There is no need to completely abandon drainage; its design is simplified and thereby reduces cost.
A rocky slope in a coniferous forest is an ideal place to build a house
New opportunities for gardeners -lovers. The slope can be divided into terraces and plants can be planted taking into account their light and moisture-loving properties. Crops that need sunlight are planted at the top, those that need moisture are planted at the bottom. You can also decorate the house itself with plants, adding greenery to your flat roof.
Building a house on a slope is always a unique project; there are no ready-made solutions. Construction companies offer projects for complex sites, but they usually require adaptation to a specific area. Refinement of a standard project or development of an original project will require additional funds. When designing a house on a slope, not only the height difference and soil characteristics are taken into account, but also the permissible loads on the soil are determined. The disadvantages of a difficult site (easily overcome thanks to modern technologies and materials) include the following features:
The need to strengthen the soil. An important event that helps protect the area from landslides. The soil is strengthened in two ways: installing retaining walls in the lower part or terracing along the slope (also with the installation of retaining walls).
Gabions (grids with stones) strengthen the slope and help avoid landslides
Zero cycle costs. The more complex the terrain of the site, the more finances will be required to dig a pit, organize retaining walls and drainage. Sometimes the zero cycle is more expensive than all subsequent construction work.
Restrictions on housing location. At night, cold air falls down along the slope. A house located on a slope will serve as a barrier to air movement and a so-called “cold pocket” (stagnation of cold air) will form around it. To avoid the cooling effect, the house is built as high as possible.
The need for careful waterproofing of the foundation. Since the house is always laid horizontally, part of the foundation will inevitably be buried in the ground. This promises savings in heat consumption, but also requires proper drainage of groundwater and additional insulation.
Operating restrictions. The rooms in the house will be illuminated unevenly. Another limitation concerns older family members who find it difficult to move from one level to another on a daily basis.
The highest location of the house design on a slope improves the performance characteristics of the building
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular ones from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses “Low-Rise Country”.
Site with a slope: what to pay attention to
Before building a house on a slope, a thorough study of the territory is carried out.
Important characteristics that directly influence the choice of house design are the following features of the slope of the site:
Slope steepness. If you walk 100 m along a section and rise 10 m (in height), this means that the slope is 10%. Based on the slope, it is customary to divide areas into flat (from 0 to 3%), as well as with a small, medium and steep slope (up to 8%, up to 20% and over 20%, respectively).
Orientation. When designing a country house, pay attention to the location of the slope in the cardinal directions. The southern and southeastern directions are considered favorable for construction in most of Russia, as they receive the optimal amount of sunlight. In areas with a hot climate, the northern direction becomes preferable.
The orientation of the facade affects the comfort of living
Choosing a home location. When choosing a place for future housing, they evaluate not only the panorama of the opening views, but also other, often more important parameters. These include the entrance to the house. A convenient road is important not only during construction (for the operation of equipment and the supply of materials), but also during operation. Often the entrance is the only possible one, and this has to be taken into account when designing.
Placement of buildings and communications. Due to the difference in altitude, additional difficulties may arise with the organization of the water supply system. The features of the relief will have to be taken into account when choosing a location for outbuildings, a bathhouse, a playground, a well and a septic tank.
Features of choosing a project depending on the steepness of the slope
House designs and construction principles are selected based on the characteristics of the landscape; in doing so, they are guided by the following principles:
If slope construction site does not exceed 3%, then it is considered flat and standard projects are used without restrictions. It is considered advisable to create a small backfill of soil to expand the terrace and simplify water drainage.
Typical project on a site with a slight slope
Sites with a small slope (up to 7%) also allow you to use standard projects. The only limitation is that the house must have no basement, and it may also need to be filled with soil.
Slope 8-20%. In such a site, the site is no longer leveled; The best solution would be to construct a basement floor (removing part of the soil from the slope). Projects of houses on a slope with a basement require careful waterproofing. Ideally, it is possible to organize an entrance to the lower floor. In this case, the basement becomes an ideal place to place a garage. In addition, it is often used to create a pantry, workshop or sauna.
Video description
About the house with a ground floor in the following video:
Slope exceeds 20%. For such a construction, you need an individually developed project that takes into account the specific height difference. The slope turns into several flat terraces (tiers), reinforced with retaining walls that take the main load. The technique of terracing stabilizes the soil and significantly facilitates the subsequent zoning of premises. Rooms with different purposes are located on different levels and may have their own entrance. The originality of the project is enhanced by the presence of various terraces, verandas and balconies. Increased demands are placed on ventilation, waterproofing and thermal insulation of premises.
House with a basement and a terrace on the river bank
Foundation structure
The foundation is an invisible part of the structure, the quality of which determines the reliability of the building. The foundation on a slope has its own characteristics: it is more complex to implement and often has an asymmetrical shape. To select the optimal foundation, a soil analysis is carried out and the permissible load on the soil is calculated. For houses on difficult terrain there are three types of foundations:
Horizontal. A standard base, strip or pile in design, is suitable for an area with homogeneous soil. Organizing a construction site and access to it will require large expenses. You will need to call special equipment that will remove excess soil and level the required area.
Stepped. A type of strip foundation in which the thickness of the concrete base will change due to the slope of the surface. Such a foundation looks like a regular horizontal foundation, but in the lower part the concrete layer will be maximum, and at the top - minimal. No excavation is carried out when organizing a stepped foundation.
Video description
About the modern Norwegian project on the slope in the following video:
On screw piles. Such a foundation is applicable on soil of heterogeneous composition; it is suitable for light one-story buildings made, for example, using frame technology. The piles go deep into the soil while simultaneously compacting it. The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of organizing the basement floor.
Additional work when building housing on a slope
A house on a slope with a basement and a terrace is a popular housing option. The foundation and terraces serve as the fundamental part of the building; they distribute pressure on the ground and prevent soil movement. To protect them from the negative effects of natural forces, additional measures are taken to make the slope strong and safe. Such work includes:
Organization of the drainage system. Effective drainage of rain and melt water has the most positive effect on the condition of the walls and foundation. To ensure that water flows in an orderly manner, grooves are laid along the terraced retaining walls and covered with crushed stone.
Scheme of a stepped house on stilts
Soil compaction. It is recommended to build a concrete blind area around the building and additionally replace part of the soil with sand. In other areas, geotextiles and reinforced gratings can be used.
Country house project on a slope: design nuances
Projects developed taking into account differences (sometimes significant) in height always look unusual. Such buildings can be divided into two types:
Stepped houses. The design can be cascade-sectional, when the elements of the building are shifted relative to each other vertically. For steep slopes, a terrace design is suitable, when the roof of one building serves as a terrace for another. In both cases, the structure resembles steps.
Houses of variable number of storeys. Here, the roofs of all components of the building are on the same level, and the number of floors of each part can be different (which depends on the topography). Such housing is allowed to be built on any slopes.
Country house with stepped floors in a modern style
When designing a house on a slope, techniques are used that increase the reliability and comfort of living:
Multi-storey buildings located on several levels are provided with separate entrances on each tier, which is very practical and convenient (especially for guests).
Flat exploitable roof. An ideal option, especially if the area is small. Multi-tiered houses with a flat roof are a godsend for organizing recreation areas: all kinds of patios, gazebos, terraces with barbecues and children's playgrounds.
Roof garden. Modern technologies (the use of membrane materials) make it possible to green even the roof, creating an environmentally friendly and popular recreation area. Greening the roof should be included in the project, since only specialists can correctly distribute the load (a place for trees, for example, is chosen above load-bearing walls).
Use of panoramic glazing Ratings 0
Of course, building houses on slopes is very difficult, but it is worth noting that “uneven” terrain has some advantages.
The most significant among them is the opportunity to save money and materials through the correct use of height differences. For example, some house designs allow you to place most of the utility rooms under the first floor, which will eliminate the need for a huge amount of excavation work. So, what are the considerations involved in designing and building a house on a site on a slope?
Original house built on a slope (Switzerland)
Depending on the nature of the relief, land plots can have a slope of up to 15 degrees or more. If the slope is small, then there is no negative impact on the layout of the house. Moreover, due to the presence of such a slope, it becomes possible to place additional buildings below a residential building at different elevations, without blocking the view of the site or shading.
If necessary, separate entrances can be arranged to different levels of a residential building, while isolating utility rooms from living areas, and the daytime area from the sleeping area.
An example of a wooden house project on a small slope If the slope is more than 15 degrees, then you should limit yourself to cottage projects that are designed specifically for areas on a slope. Such projects, naturally, differ in some design features. For example, a basement, a garage and a summer kitchen are often located in the basement on a slope. According to the architects, thanks to this placement of the kitchen area, it is possible to avoid overheating of the premises in the summer, as well as provide a high-quality view of the area from the window and good natural lighting of the room.
An example of a house layout on a slope The features of the relief largely determine the choice of house design and the costs of future construction. The relief is determined depending on the slope of the surface, which is calculated as the ratio of the difference in height of two terrain points to the horizontal distance between them, which represents the tangent of the angle of inclination of the line to the terrain. Slope is measured in percentages or fractions. For example, a slope of 10 meters when moving 100 meters diagonally corresponds to a slope of 10% or 0.10 m.
In addition, the magnitude of the slope also affects the relief. If, for example, the slope is no more than 3%, then the site is considered flat; if the value is from 3 to 8%, then the site has a slight slope; if up to 20% - then average and more than 20% - steep.
If the site has a slight slope, then the construction of the building can be carried out in several ways:
In this video you can see how the house was built, semi-buried into the slope
Ecology of consumption. Estate: did you like the site, but does it have a difficult terrain? Don’t get upset and try to level it right away in order to build a house on a perfectly flat site. Firstly, it is expensive, and secondly, the apparent disadvantages of the landscape can turn into special advantages. In this article we will look at options for building a house on the terrain and the technical nuances of construction.
Interaction of architectural form and landscape
There are two positions: “polarization” is the opposition of an architectural form to the natural landscape and “integration” is the merging of an architectural structure with the natural landscape. Let's look at each type in more detail.
With polarization, the surface of the earth is left in its original form, and the structure is raised above the natural topography with the help of various structures - supports, columns. The whole point of such a construction is to tear off the main volume of the building from the surface, while the contact of the building with the natural landscape is minimal. This construction is carried out according to the “bridge” scheme. The entire building will seem to stand out, moving away from the natural features of the relief. The design of the building should speak for itself and play in contrast with nature. It looks like Baba Yaga's hut on chicken legs stood on a slope! An important role in construction according to the principle of “polarization” is played by all kinds of complementary structures - ramps, ladders, bridges. They also should not be inscribed in the relief, but only emphasize the contrast of the entire building. The effect of contrast of architectural form in the natural landscape is enhanced by the possibility of viewing the building from below, which is an unusual phenomenon in buildings that are familiar to everyone.
Rice. 1. Polarization of architecture and landscape
With integration, on the contrary, the architectural form must be organically integrated into the existing natural landscape, as if dissolving in it. Stairs, terraces, ramps, supports, columns, natural materials for construction and decoration should only enhance the effect of merging the building with nature. The building with all the additional elements only emphasizes the differences and features of the existing relief. In this case, the house is built according to the “staircase” scheme.
Rice. 2. Integration of architecture and landscape
Additionally, the principle of integration distinguishes “deep integration”. In this form, the architectural form is directly embedded in the relief. Caves and various crevices here are taken as the basis for the construction and are included in the design of the building as the main element. Remember the hobbits' homes?
Rice. 3. Deep integration of architecture and landscape
Tricks of the site
The design of the future construction and the costs for it directly depend on the features of the landscape, surface topography and slopes. Before starting construction, you should conduct a thorough analysis of the site, check the slope and orientation of the slopes, and examine the soil for the likelihood of a landslide. A geological study of the soil by specialists will allow us to understand how justified and costly construction will be on a specific site (the cost of the study is 3-6 thousand rubles). Such field work can reduce the final cost of construction by 10-15%!
Often, at the initial stage, it is the orientation of the slope that determines the possibility or impossibility of construction. It divides the site according to the cardinal directions (north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, northwest). Northern slopes are suitable for construction only in areas with a hot climate. In other climatic conditions, they will be poorly lit and excessively blown by cold winds, which will require high costs for heating and additional lighting. The southern and southeastern slopes are the most favorable and well suited for building houses. Such slopes are well illuminated by sunlight and are less exposed to wind, which makes it possible to significantly save on space heating. If the slope is well illuminated, it is possible to use alternative heating sources.
In addition to the orientation of the slope, the magnitude of the slope plays an important role in construction. It is calculated as the ratio of the difference between the upper and lower points of the terrain to the horizontal distance between them - this is the tangent of the angle of inclination of the line to the surface.
Rice. 4. Calculation of the slope
According to the slope, the areas are divided into:
smooth,< 3%;
with a slight slope, 3-8%;
with an average slope,< 20%;
with a steep slope, > 20%.
It will be less expensive and easiest to erect buildings on a flat plot and a plot with a slight slope. To level out a slight slope, additional soil is added from the side of the slope, this will allow you to save on a non-standard project and build any standard building on the site. It is not worth leveling steeper slopes, as this will disrupt the natural state of the environment and entail large financial and labor costs. Medium and steep slopes necessarily require an individual project for construction, while the lower levels of the building are cut into the slope or built according to the cascade-sectional type in the form of a staircase.
Technical nuances of architecture on a slope
All individual projects for the construction of houses on a slope are divided into two main types: stepped houses and houses of variable number of storeys. Step-shaped houses are built according to the slope in the form of a staircase and are:
cascade - sectional, consisting of sections of equal height, shifted vertically; suitable for construction on slopes with low or medium slopes.
Rice. 5. Cascade-sectional stepped house
terraced, consisting of buildings located both along and across the slope, where the roof of one building is a terrace for another; they are built on steep slopes.
Rice. 6. Terraced stepped house
Houses of variable number of storeys are erected with the long side across or diagonally to the slope, the roof of the buildings is on the same level. The construction of such houses is possible on slopes of any type.
Rice. 7. House of variable number of storeys
To make technically and economically sound decisions about construction on a site with complex terrain, before starting any work, the development of pre-project documentation based on an engineering analysis of the topography on the site is required. In the construction of houses on a slope, an important role is played by the composition of the soil on the site: homogeneous soil will serve as a good basis for a monolithic strip foundation, and heterogeneous soil will require the creation of a foundation on piles. Terracing slopes will help stabilize the soil and prevent it from slipping. Connecting a house to a slope requires increased attention to waterproofing and ventilation of the premises.
Adviсe
For construction, you need to choose the highest and driest place on the site.
Buildings located below the highest part of the hill contribute to the formation of a “cold pocket” - stagnation of cold night air.
Construction on the highest site does not allow precipitation to accumulate, which ensures optimal surface water flow.
Depending on the composition of the soil, additional surface drainage or even foundation drainage may be required.
To eliminate or weaken the destructive effects of groundwater, it may be necessary to artificially lower water levels, install open drains or ditches, closed tubular or various types of wells (according to SNiP 22-02-2003 “Engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures from hazardous geological processes”).
Before starting construction, take care of convenient access for construction equipment, a place for storing materials, protection of the construction site from storm water runoff from the slope, and support structures to stabilize landslide processes.
It should be understood that the complex terrain of the site in any case will require large financial investments already at the zero cycle (digging a pit, drainage, support work), which can be even more expensive than.
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Doesn't occur. But if construction takes place on a slope, then the task becomes much more complicated. Today, houses on a slope are popular. They are aesthetically more attractive and unusual in themselves. When deciding to build such a house, it is important to take into account many nuances. And first of all, remember that the layout of the room will depend on the site.
Projects of houses on a slope
Before you build a house on a slope, you need to create a project correctly. All further construction will depend on this. Even if the terrain has obvious flaws, they can be cleverly played out and made into a landmark of the structure. When creating a house project, you need to know what the terrain slopes are:
- A flat area of terrain that has a slope of no more than 3%.
- Terrain with a slight slope of 3 to 8%.
- Terrain with an average slope of up to 20%.
- Steep terrain from 20%.
The optimal areas for construction work are options with a slope of 3 to 8%. But if the area has a slope of more than 8%, then it is recommended to know the principles of construction on such terrain. So, designs for houses on a slope can be varied, it all depends on the area and the literacy of the architect.
Construction on a slight slope
Building a house on a site with a slope of 8 to 20% has its own characteristics. At first glance, the angle is small, but it requires a special approach. When designing such houses, it is imperative to include a floor of the premises buried below ground level. It does not require a flat site for construction. In order to build the basement, part of the earth is cut out. It can be built together with the foundation. For houses on small slopes, the basement floor is simply irreplaceable. The material used for its construction is the same as for the foundation. They mainly use concrete blocks, monoliths, and bricks.
Significantly expands the territory of the building and can be used as a garage, utility room or sauna. It all depends on the wishes of the customer. If the slope allows vehicle access to the basement floor, then this is an excellent solution for a garage. It is best to choose an uneven building site on dry and elevated terrain. This will help solve a number of drainage problems. It is advisable to equip the walls of the house with waterproofing material, especially where there is contact with the ground. It is also recommended to install waterproofing under the foundation.
Building a house on a steep slope
Houses on steep slopes with a slope of more than 20% require a special approach. For this type of development, a special project is created, which will take into account all the features of the area. Most of these houses have many tiers and terraces.
The design of such a building is attractive because many rooms will have individual exits. And utility and non-residential premises will be located at different levels.
A house on a mountain with terraces gives architects the opportunity to show all their imagination. The main task of such development is to transform the slope into several working surfaces. The buildings are located on horizontal platforms, and they are connected by various steps. Terraces must be equipped with special supports; they take on the entire load. Also, a house on terraces has many possibilities. These rooms can be used as recreation areas, balconies and verandas.
Features of the foundation of houses on a slope
Modern construction allows you to build a foundation on any terrain with different slopes. Of course, the best site for development is a slope of no more than 3%. But if the house is on a mountain, then the foundation will be different:
- A slope greater than 8% requires the construction of a basement floor. The foundation will be of a strip type with waterproofing.
- Houses on slopes with a slope of more than 20% need a support base. The foundation will consist of stepped or screw type piles.
Some nuances should be taken into account:
- It is recommended to waterproof the basement floor, as it may flood. And if this happens, the consequences will be serious.
- Thermal insulation must be present.
- Drainage protection is necessary to prevent the foundation from collapsing.
A foundation on a slope has both a load-bearing and an aesthetic function. It can be used as an additional room or, with the help of its unusual external design, give the building an original appearance.
Features of designing houses on a slope
Projects for houses on a slope are created so that the building is built from top to bottom. First of all, you need to start from the living space and attach various terraces with basement floors to it. It is important that the plan of the ground floor completely coincides with the layout of the walls of the first. This structure is load-bearing and will be subject to a large load. When planning the basement floor, it is recommended to follow safety rules. You should not set up a boiler room in it and store items that can easily ignite. This could cause the entire house to catch fire.
A residential building on a slope is a very attractive prospect, especially if it offers beautiful views.
But do not forget that when creating a project, you may encounter some difficulties:
- Depending on the area, the finished project will need to be modified.
- Due to the characteristics of the soil, problems may arise in the operation of special equipment.
- It is recommended to make accurate calculations and take into account all environmental factors.
- Moisture that flows down the slopes can destroy the foundation, so it should be well waterproofed.
Advantages of houses on a slope
Projects of houses on a slope are complex, but at the same time they feature interesting design solutions. Such buildings have many positive aspects:
- Design solutions and experiments with height differences.
- Possibility of laying water supply at different levels. The lower tier has a sewer system, and the upper floors have a water supply.
- Saving money by building on uneven terrain.
- Several exits and a terrace for relaxation, as well as dividing the house into zones.
Disadvantages of building houses on a slope
When faced with the construction of houses on slopes with a variety of slopes, you need to be aware of its disadvantages. And also prepare for all possible difficulties that may arise during the operation of the building.
So, the negative aspects of houses on slopes include:
- Ground movements and landslides, which can disrupt the integrity of the foundation.
- Difficulties in construction according to standard projects.
- There is no uniform lighting in all rooms.
- It is difficult for elderly people to get home.
For those who love nature and comfort, as well as interesting design solutions, a house on a slope is the best choice.
