Yes, - said the goldfish, - you guessed it right. Do you want, Vitya, to fulfill any three of your wishes? Extracurricular reading Three wishes of second-grader Vitya

Planning is based on

Programs of special (correctional) educational institutions of the VIII type. 0-4 grades. - M.: Education, 2011 (Edited by I.M. Bgazhnokova).

Textbook: S.Yu. Ilyin “Reading”, a textbook for the 4th grade of special (correctional) educational institutions of the VIII type in 2 parts. Moscow "Enlightenment" 2014

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Working adapted basic educational program

for students with mental retardation

in the subject "Reading"

Class 4-a

Teacher Pazukhina Tatyana Sergeevna

Number of hours per week 4

Planning is based on

Programs of special (correctional) educational institutions of the VIII type. 0-4 grades. - M.: Education, 2011 (Edited by I.M. Bgazhnokova).

Textbook: S.Yu. Ilyin “Reading”, a textbook for the 4th grade of special (correctional) educational institutions of the VIII type in 2 parts. Moscow "Enlightenment" 2014

EXPLANATORY NOTE

The work program for reading is compiled on the basis of the Program of special (correctional) educational institutions of the VIII type: grades 0-4 / Ed. THEM. Bgazhnokova. - M.: Education, 2011.

Reading is an important academic subject of the Russian language in the special school curriculum. Its focus on the socialization of the personality of a mentally retarded child, on the correction and development of children’s speech-thinking abilities, on the formation of an emotional attitude to reality and moral positions of behavior - all this once again emphasizes the importance of teaching reading to students with intellectual disabilities.

The objectives of reading lessons in elementary grades are:

nurturing children's interest in reading lessons and in reading as a process;
developing their reading technique: correct (without distortion of the sound composition of words and with the correct stress) and expressive reading, ensuring a gradual transition from syllable reading to whole word reading;
developing conscious reading skills in children: reading an understandable text out loud, in a whisper, and then silently, meaningfully perceiving the content of what they read, empathizing with the characters of the work, assessing their actions during collective analysis;
developing their ability to communicate in a reading lesson: answer the teacher’s questions, ask classmates about unknown words, share impressions about what they read, complement retellings of the text, draw word pictures for the text, collectively discuss the expected answer, etc.

For reading in the 4th grade, works of folk art that are accessible to children, stories and fairy tales by Russian and foreign writers, and business and popular science articles that are understandable to children are selected. The arrangement of works in reading books is based on a thematic principle. In each subsequent year, the topics stated in the previous class are continued and expanded, thereby ensuring a concentric arrangement of educational material, creating conditions for a step-by-step expansion of knowledge and ideas, for regular repetition of previously learned topics.

Improving reading techniques is carried out consistently. Constant attention is paid to developing the skill of correct reading, which children with intellectual disabilities master with great difficulty due to the characteristics of their mental development, which makes it difficult to understand the content of what they read and inhibits the development of reading speed. The transition to more advanced methods of reading aloud is carried out gradually and goes through a number of stages from analytical (syllable) reading to synthetic (whole word). Each stage of reading skills development has its own difficulties and requires the selection of special teaching methods and techniques.

Work on expressive reading begins with transferring the experience of expressive oral speech to the reading process.

The assimilation of the content of what is being read is carried out in the process of analyzing the work, aimed at clarifying the information contained in the text, the semantic connections between the events described and the actions of the characters. In the process of analyzing a work, it is important not to disturb children’s direct experience of the fate of the characters, to achieve accuracy of emotional perception through the teacher’s expressive reading of the text and questions that help to adequately assess the psychological state of the characters and the tension of the situation. From class to class, the level of requirements for students' independence in analyzing what they read, in assessing the actions of heroes, in the motivation of these actions, in highlighting incomprehensible words, increases. Schoolchildren master the ability to correctly and consistently retell the content of a work with a simple plot, learn to exchange opinions on the topic of the text using their own experience. Such work is ensured by the selection of texts that match the interests of students and targeted questions from the teacher. For each year of study, the level of requirements for reading techniques, text analysis, and speaking skills is determined. These requirements are formed at two levels, based on the capabilities of children and the dynamics of their progress.

4th grade

For reading, works of folk art, classics of Russian and foreign literature, understandable articles from newspapers and magazines are selected. In the process of learning to read, students consistently develop the ability, with the help of the teacher, to understand the content of what they read.

The program for each year of study gives an approximate topic of works, determines the level of requirements for reading techniques, text analysis, improving oral speech skills and the amount of extracurricular reading.

The topics of reading works are selected taking into account the maximum development of children’s cognitive interests, broadening their horizons,
education of moral qualities. These are works about the Motherland, about Moscow; its past and present, about the wisdom and heroism of the Russian people; about working professions; about people’s attitude to work, nature, and each other; about socially useful matters. Works about seasonal changes in nature, animal life, and human activities; stories, fairy tales, articles, poems, proverbs on moral and ethical topics, on themes of peace and friendship.

Extracurricular reading poses the task of beginning the formation of reading independence in students: developing their interest in reading, getting acquainted with the best works of children's literature that are accessible to them, developing the skills of independent reading of books, reading culture; visiting the library; ability to choose a book according to interest.

The program is builtaccording to the concentric principle, and also taking into accountsuccession planningfor the entire course of study. This principle allows you to repeat and consolidate acquired knowledge throughout the year, and then supplement it with new information.
The program defines a mandatory basic level of knowledge.

Reading content: works of oral folk art: riddles, sayings, nursery rhymes, fairy tales. The difference between a fairy tale and a story. Stories and poems by Russian and foreign classics, modern children's writers about the nature of their native land, about the lives of children, about their relationships with nature, with each other, with adults. Moral and immoral in these relations.

Christmas stories.

Articles of an entertaining nature about interesting and unusual things in the world around us, about the culture of behavior, about art, the historical past, etc.

Sample lexical topics: “School life”, “It’s time for the leaves to fall”, “Time for business is an hour of fun”, “About our little brothers”, “Winter sings, echoes”, “Life is given for good deeds”, “In the world of a fairy tale”, “ Spring, spring! And everyone is happy about her”, “Funny stories”, “Native land”, “Summer has come”.

Reading technique. Reading without distorting the sound composition of a word while maintaining the correct stress.

Orthoepic whole-word reading of two- and three-syllable words with simple syllabic structures, syllable-by-syllable orthographic reading of unfamiliar words with complex syllable structures:looked closely, met.

Expressive readingobserving pauses on punctuation marks, end-of-sentence intonation, exclamatory and interrogative intonation, enumeration intonation. Choosing the appropriate tone of voice to convey the emotional content of what is being read (joy, sadness, surprise, resentment, etc.). Highlighting the author's remarks, indicating the tone of voice and tempo of speech (the boy started chattering, exclaimed joyfully, said in surpriseand etc.). Role reading and dramatization of practiced dialogues.

Conscious reading.Listening to a work with an eye toward its emotional assessment (first impression, basic analysis). Establishing the causality of events and actions of heroes. The ability to recognize the emotional state of a character, highlighting for this purpose, under the guidance of a teacher, author’s words that characterize the character. Determining the author’s attitude towards his characters (how you can find out about this). Own assessment of events and characters based on your own experience and questions from the teacher. Collective work on the idea of a work. Comparison of works that are the same in theme, in the actions of the characters, in the commonality of the idea (good conquers evil, lying will not lead to good; do to others as you want them to do to you, etc.). Developing the ability to ask questions about the content of a work, turning to the teacher and classmates for answers. Working with the title of the work. Predicting what the story might be about. Comparing the forecast with the content of the reading. Students highlighting words they do not understand. Involving classmates in their interpretation. Teacher assistance in explaining the semantics of a word (reliance on the clarity and experience of students). Collective selection of logical parts of the text, selection of titles for them from those given by the teacher.

Speech development. Compose your own story based on the title and illustrations of the work. Comparison of a story created by students and a story written by the author. A detailed retelling of the entire work in your own words using techniques that make this retelling communicatively expedient (in a chain, with a relay race, in a row competition, in a “hidden picture”, in a picture plan for a story, etc.). Preliminary work on text synonyms (how you can call the hero of a work differently, without repeating yourself; how you can say it by replacing a word was, and etc.). Selective retelling of episodes from reading using the author's words and expressions. Verbal drawing of pictures for individual passages of text.

Extracurricular reading.Reading children's books by Russian and foreign writers, knowing the title and author of the book, navigating the book by table of contents. Answers to questions about what you read, retelling individual episodes. Regular visits to the school library. Report on a book read to the class during reading lessons.

Students should be able to:
Level 1:

After analysis, read the text aloud in whole words (syllables that are difficult in terms of semantics and structure of words) with pauses and an appropriate tone of voice and tempo of speech
answer questions about what you read;
read silently while completing teacher assignments;
identify the main characters, evaluate their actions;
read dialogues by role;
retell what you read in parts;
expressively read 7-8 poems by heart in front of class students;
Level 2:

consciously and correctly read the text out loud, syllable by syllable and whole word by word;
retell the content of what you read based on questions;
participate in collective work to evaluate the actions of heroes and events;
expressively recite 5-7 short poems by heart in front of class students

EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT

Computer presentations

Set of plot pictures

Series of books for extracurricular reading

Demo tables

Presentations by topic

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. S.Yu. Ilyin “Reading”, a textbook for the 4th grade of special (correctional) educational institutions of the VIII type in 2 parts. Moscow "Enlightenment" 2014

2. Teaching students in grades 1-4 at a auxiliary school. Manual for teachers. V.G. Petrova Moscow, “Enlightenment”, 1982

3. Education of correct speech in children. N.A. Sedykh, Moscow, AST 2005

lesson	Lesson topic	Qty hours	date
School life
	Back to school (Based on the story by N. Nosov “Vitya Maleev at school and at home”)
	Once upon a time there lived a Teacher. E. Moshkovskaya
	What they teach at school (abbreviated) M. Plyatskovsky
	Congratulations (based on the story by Yu. Ermolaev “We Didn’t Expect It”)
	How Marusya was on duty (based on the story “First-Grader” by E. Schwartz)
	Noise and Shumok. According to E. Ilyina
	Why were the centipedes late for class? V. Orlov
	Three wishes of Vitya (based on the story by L. Kaminsky “Three wishes of second-grader Vitya”)
	Reader. V. Berestov
	Notch it on the nose. According to M. Bartenev
	Puzzles
	General lesson on the topic “School life”
Time for the leaves to fall...
	Someone painted yellow... N. Antonova
	Autumn fairy tale. According to N. Abramtseva
	Gifts of autumn. E. Blaginina
	Forest gifts (from L. Voronkova’s story “Girlfriends Go to School”)
	Forest in autumn. A. Tvardovsky
	In the autumn forest (based on the story “The Cherry Branch” by V. Putilina)
	Glorious autumn!.. (excerpt from N. Nekrasov’s poem “The Railway”)
	Why is Autumn sad? According to Yu. Shim
	Autumn. K. Balmont
	Three jays. According to Yu. Koval
	Cold wintering (based on the story “Icicle Resort” by N. Sladkov)
	A boring picture!.. (excerpt) A. Pleshcheev
	A fairy tale about a little bug (based on the story by O. Ivanenko “Good night!”)
	Bees and flies. According to K. Ushinsky
	Time for the leaves to fall... (based on the story by G. Graubin “Why leaves fall in autumn”)
	Puzzles
	Summary lesson on the topic “Time for the leaves to fall...”
Time for business, time for fun
	The cat was baking pies... (Russian nursery rhyme)
	Haymaking (Czech nursery rhyme)
	Carousels. According to L. Panteleev
	Hide and seek. According to N. Nosov
	Counting books
	Blind Man's Bluff. According to M. Bulatov
	General lesson on the topic “Time for business, time for fun”
In the animal world
	Lively cow. About K. Ushinsky
	Stubborn kitten. According to V. Biryukov
	Fluff. According to V. Garanzhin
	Tomka. According to E. Charushin
	Hunter and dogs. According to B. Zhitkov
	Chuk fell ill (based on the story by L. Matveeva “A chicken pecked me on the nose”)
	Sly chipmunk. G. Snegirev
	Badger's Pantry. According to A. Barkov
	Guest. According to A. Dorokhov
	Fox toys. G. Korolkov
	Fox (from the book by Yu. Dmitriev “Calendar of Green Numbers”)
	Puzzles
	General lesson on the topic “In the animal world”
Life is given for good deeds
	Misha is a master. G. Ladonshchikov
	Pichugin bridge. According to E. Permyak. Part 1
	Pichugin bridge. According to E. Permyak. Part 2
	Mikhaskin's garden. V. Khomchenko
	When people rejoice (based on the story by S. Baruzdin “Alyoshka from our house”)
	About holidays and useful things to do. According to Yu. Ermolaev
	Kitty. E. Blaginina
	Birdie. V. Golyavkin
	General lesson on the topic “Life is given for good deeds”
Winter came
	It is snowing. By. L. Voronkova
	Snow Maiden. A. Slashchev. Part 1
	Snow Maiden. A. Slashchev. Part 2
	Winter (excerpt) I. Surikov
	December (excerpt) S. Marshak
	Christmas tree. According to V. Suteev. Part 1
	Christmas tree. According to V. Suteev. Part 1
	Evening before Christmas. According to L. Klavdina
	Where was the “thank you”?
	On the hill. According to N. Nosov. Part 1
	On the hill. According to N. Nosov. Part 2
	Little Fox and the Wolf (Russian folk tale). Part 1
	Little Fox and the Wolf (Russian folk tale). Part 2
	How the Sun and Frost quarreled. A. Brodsky
	Winter's Tale. P. Golovkin
	Mitya's friends. G Skrebitsky. Part 1
	Mitya's friends. G Skrebitsky. Part 2
	Snow cap. V. Biryukov
	In fur coats and hats. According to A. Tumbasov
	It is not the wind that rages over the forest... (Excerpt from N. Nekrasov’s poem “Frost, Red Nose”
	Resourceful bear (Based on the story by V. Bianchi “Adapted”)
	Winter signs. According to A. Spirin
	E. Blaginina, A. Rozhdestvenskaya, E. Tarakhovskaya
	General lesson on the topic “Winter has come”
Funny stories
	How Vintik and Shpuntik made a vacuum cleaner. According to N. Nosov. Part 1
	How Vintik and Shpuntik made a vacuum cleaner. According to N. Nosov. Part 2
	Nothing but trouble. G. Oster
	One morning. M. Plyatskovsky
	Why do mosquitoes bite? V. Biryukov
	That's how absent-minded (Excerpt). S. Marshak
	Two extra boxes. According to O. Kurguzov
	Answer, is it true? (Excerpts). G Chichinadze
	General lesson on the topic “Funny stories”
Look, spring is coming...
	March. V. Alferov
	March 8. P about M. Frolova. Part 1
	March 8. P about M. Frolova. Part 2
	Care. E. Blaginina
	Grandma's hanger. According to A. Sokolovsky
	The last ice floe. According to V. Bianchi
	Spring. A. Pleshcheev
	The starlings have arrived. According to A. Barkov
	Everything has its time. According to E. Shim
	Admire, spring is coming... I. Nikitin
	Spring evening. According to Yu. Koval
	Dangerous beauty. According to Yu. Dmitriev
	General lesson on the topic “Look, spring is coming...!”
In the world of a fairy tale

	Khavroshechka (Russian folk tale) (Abridged)

	The Tale of the Silver Saucer and the Filled Apple (Russian folk tale) (Abridged)
	There is a green oak near the Lukomorye... (Excerpt from the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila” by A. Pushkin)
	Fairy gifts. According to C. Perrault
	Fairy gifts. According to C. Perrault
	A pot of porridge. Brothers Grimm
	Our fairy tales. According to V. Porudominsky
	General lesson on the topic “In the world of a fairy tale”
Motherland
	The Tsar Bell. M. Ilyin
	City on the Neva. S. Vasilyeva
	Where is the most beautiful place on earth? D. Pavlychko
	An essay about. S. Verbova
	What word is this? (Based on the story by L. Kassil “How to spell this word”)
	The main thing (Based on the story by B. Nikolsky “About the Most Important Thing”)
	Protection. A. Usachev
	Nobody knows, but everyone remembers. According to L. Kassil
	Victory Day. T. Belozerov
	General lesson on the topic “Native Land”
Summer has come
	Shower. S. Kozlov
	Cloud. G. Graubin
	Tricky dandelion. N. Pavlova
	Tricky dandelion. N. Pavlova
	Dandelion. E. Blaginina
	Meeting with a snake. According to A. Dorokhov
	Summer snow A. Brodsky
	After winter there will be summer. V. Golyavkin
	Mystery. Mistress. O. Tarnopolskaya
	Summer signs. According to A. Spirin
	General lesson on the topic “Summer has come”
	Extracurricular reading of poetry, stories about summer

Scenario for a master class on semantic reading

Good afternoon, dear colleagues!

We would like our conversation to begin with the question: What is the main source of knowledge? Of course, a book, or rather a text. Our master class, which we called “I can read,” will be devoted to the problem of understanding the text.

Please note that there is no completion sign in this sentence; you can put it yourself at the end of our work.

And now we would like to ask you this question: Can you read?

Let's check.

Pay attention to the slide and read the proposed text.

- According to research from one English university, it does not matter in what order the letters in a word are located. The main thing is that the first and last letters are in place. The remaining letters can follow in complete disarray, but the text can still be read without problems. The reason for this is that we do not read each letter individually, but the entire word.

But there is another side - how consciously we can read.

Scientists have found that student performance is influenced by about 200 factors. Factor #1 is reading skill. To be competent, a person must read 120-150 words per minute. This becomes a necessary condition for successful work with information, but not the main thing. The main thing is to learn to understand the text, i.e. extract the necessary information from a set of letters and symbols.

Thus, our work will be devoted to semantic reading.

The purpose of the master class: to introduce the stages of work and techniques for comprehending the text.

Maybe some of you are already familiar with this concept and working methods. There are mugs and tea in front of you. Fill the cups to the extent that you are aware of the problem of semantic reading.

Semantic reading is a type of reading that is aimed at the reader understanding the semantic content of the text. Working with text is a meta-subject skill, so this type of activity is important when studying any subject.

The components of semantic reading are reflected in the structure of all UUDs.

Personal (reading motivation, formation of attitude towards oneself and educational activities)

Regulatory (students’ acceptance of learning tasks)

Cognitive (development of logical and abstract thinking, creative imagination)

When developing semantic reading skills, there are 3 main stages.

The slide shows the stages and techniques of work at each stage. The same information is presented in booklets on your tables.

So, the strategy of semantic reading is a combination of techniques, elements of various technologies that can be used to perceive text information, as well as process it.

- What associations do you have when you read “goldfish” "?

- And when do you hear the word deuce?

Let us assume what will be discussed in Leonid Kaminsky’s story “Three Wishes of Second-Grader Vitya”

Leonid Kaminsky “Three wishes of second-grader Vitya”

Once upon a time there lived a little boy, Vitya. He was in second grade and was a poor student because he could only count to two.

For example, his teacher Anna Petrovna will ask: “How many legs does a piano have?” He answers: “Two.” And he gets a bad mark. Or: “How many legs does a cow have?” He answers again: “Two.” And again he gets a bad mark.

But Vitya was not very upset, because he could only count to two, and therefore thought that two was the highest mark.

One day, when Vitya came home from school, his parents looked into his diary and were horrified.

- This mess! - said dad. - Where are the A's? Or fours? Or at least three?! If you study like this, you will soon become not only a second grader, but also a repeater!

- “Oh,” said my mother, “if I had known that you were learning this way, I would never have bought you a new fish for the aquarium!”

Vitya immediately ran to the aquarium to look at the fish. The fish was very beautiful and sparkled with golden scales.

“Is it really a magic goldfish?” - thought Vitya.

- Yes, - said the goldfish, - you guessed it: I really am magical. Do you want, Vitya, to fulfill any three of your wishes?

- No,” Vitya answered, “I can only count to two.” If you can, grant me one wish for now - I want to learn how to count to five.

- “Okay,” said the goldfish, “nothing could be simpler!”

The next day Vitya received the first five. Anna Petrovna asked him how many fingers there are on his hand, and he answered: “Five.”

And a day later Vitya came home sad.

- What's happened? - asked the goldfish.

- I earned a deuce again,” Vitya answered. - The teacher asked how many legs an octopus has, and I said five. But it was necessary - eight.

- I understand,” said the goldfish, “your second wish is to learn to count to eight?”

- “Yeah,” Vitya answered.

- “Okay, it will be so,” the fish promised.

- What could happen next? Let's speak out.

- And here’s how the author says it (slide).

The next day Vitya came home even sadder.

- “I know what happened,” said the fish. - Probably, Anna Petrovna asked how many legs a centipede has, and you answered - eight?

- Yes,” Vitya answered in surprise. - How do you know that?

- Have you forgotten that I'm magical? - answered the goldfish. - Well, now you will ask me to fulfill your third wish - to learn to count to forty?

- “Yeah,” said Vitya.

- No,” the fish objected, “it’s useless.” For example, tomorrow the teacher will ask how many minutes are in an hour, and you will answer: “Forty.”

- How much do you need? - Vitya asked.

- Sixty. Or he will ask you how many days there are in a year, and you will again say “Forty.” But in fact - three hundred sixty-five.

- Yes,” Vitya sighed, “it turns out there are so many different numbers in the world!” Then grant my third wish. Make sure I know all the numbers. Everything, everything that exists!

- What did the GOLDFISH say (answers)

And so in the story.

- “I’ll try,” answered the goldfish, “although it’s very difficult.” But I have one condition - starting from tomorrow you must learn your lessons!

- “I’ll try,” said Vitya, “although it’s very difficult...

A week passed, and Vitya began to receive only A's. He turned into an excellent student. Vitya especially fell in love with mathematics. And when he grew up a little, he was appointed the Most Important Academician in Numbers. Of course, no one but him knows all the numbers. Even the teacher Anna Petrovna.

What proverb could be a title for a story?

You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.

Without action, strength weakens.

There is a drop of sweat in a piece of bread.

Patience and a little effort.

Will and labor produce wonderful fruits.

Everything is on time and on time, so it will work.

Where there is will, there is ability.

The work is bitter, but the bread is sweet.

If only there was a hunt, every job would improve.

To do it somehow, it won’t happen.

Choose from the proposed judgments those that reflect the content of the text

1. Vitya was so small that he could not master numbers.

2. The fish agreed to fulfill the boy’s three wishes.

3. The boy’s third wish is to know numbers up to forty.

4. The fish agreed to fulfill the boy’s wish under certain conditions.

5. When Vitya grew up, he knew more numbers than Anna Pavlovna.

And now we invite you to answer the questions located on the petals of our chamomile.

1.What grades did Vitya have in his diary? Why wasn't he upset about this?

2. Did I understand correctly that Vitya was not good at mathematics?

3. Why did the fish set a condition for the boy?

4.Draw a portrait of a poor student in poetry.

(Suppose it would be……..)

In a word, I did everything that...

I asked him to write it off...

I gave it to someone on the spot...

Well, here we go again...

5. What lesson did the fish want to teach the boy?

6. What would you do if you had a goldfish?

Let's return to the topic of the master class “I can read.” So what sign can I put? Absolutely right, everyone chooses their own sign for themselves.

To summarize our work, we ask you to list the techniques that were used.

The techniques that have now been used form conscious reading, and this in turn increases students’ cognitive activity and interest in the subject.

Well, now add as much tea to your mugs as you already know about meaningful reading.

We thank you for your cooperation, wish you creative rest and search for new ideas, may everything you have planned be successfully implemented in your activities.

Once upon a time there lived a little boy, Vitya. He was in second grade and was a poor student because he could only count to two.

For example, his teacher Olga Timofeevna will ask him: “How many legs does a piano have?” He answers “Two.” And he gets a bad mark. Or: “How many legs does a cow have?” He answers again: “Two.” And again he gets a bad mark.

One day, when Vitya came home from school, his parents looked into his diary and were horrified.

This mess! - said dad.

“Oh,” said my mother, “if I had known that you were learning this way, I would never have bought you a new fish for the aquarium!”

Vitya immediately ran to his room to look at the fish. The fish was very beautiful: the fins and tail were bright orange, and the scales shimmered with gold. Vitya gasped: “Is it really magical, golden?”

Yes, - said the goldfish, - you guessed it right. Do you want, Vitya, to fulfill any three of your wishes?

“Okay,” said the fish, “nothing could be simpler!”

The next day Vitya received the first five. Olga Timofeevna asked him how many fingers there were on his hand, and he answered: “Five.” And a day later Vitya came home sad.

What's happened? - asked the goldfish. I earned a bad mark again,” Vitya answered. - The teacher asked how many legs an octopus has, and I said five. And it was necessary - seven. ..

I understand,” said the goldfish, “your second wish is to learn to count to eight?”

The next day Vitya came home even sadder.

Probably Olga Timofeevna asked how many legs a centipede has, and you answered - eight? - asked the fish.

Yes,” Vitya answered. - How do you know that?

Have you forgotten that I’m magical? - answered the fish. - Well, now you will ask to fulfill your third wish - to learn to count to forty? But it's no use. For example, tomorrow Olga Timofeevna will ask you: “How many minutes in an hour?”, and you will answer: “Forty.”

How much do you need? - asked Vi-cha.

Sixty. Or: “How many days are there in a year?” And you will again say forty, but in reality - three hundred sixty-five.

Yes,” Vitya sighed, “it turns out there are so many different numbers in the world!” Then make sure I know ALL the numbers.

“I’ll try,” answered the goldfish, “although it’s very difficult.” I only have one condition - starting tomorrow you have to learn your homework!

A week passed, and Vitya began to receive only A's. He turned into an excellent student. Vitya especially loved mathematics. And when he grew up a little, he was appointed the Most Important Academician in Numbers. Of course, no one but him knows all the numbers. Even the teacher Olga Timofeevna.

Leonid Kaminsky

Victor Golyavkin “Allow me to pass!”

A second-grader stood in the doorway of the house and waited for a friend. A fifth-grader was walking home, grabbed a second-grader by the collar and shouted:

- Why are you dangling under your feet?

A seventh-grader was walking home and grabbed a second-grader and a fifth-grader by the collar so that they wouldn’t dangle under their feet.

A ninth-grader was walking home and grabbed a second-grader, a fifth-grader, and a seventh-grader by the collar at the door, as they were dangling under his feet.

Then, of course, the seventh grader grabbed the tenth grader, the fifth grader grabbed the seventh grader, and the second grader grabbed the fifth grader. No one thought that he was dangling under someone’s feet. It can’t be that people are dangling under each other’s feet!

An old man was walking home.

But could he get through?

He said:

- Allow me.

And everyone let go of each other and went home, except for the second grader. He stood in the doorway again.

After all, he was waiting for his friend. Why grab him by the collar?

You can stand NEAR the doors!

Victor Golyavkin “Second-graders and high school students”

The second graders were excited. They were noisy. One October boy climbed onto a chair and, turning to the elders, said:

- You are our bosses. We all love you very much. And that's why we want to help you. You didn't polish the floor in the hallway well. It doesn't shine at all. And it should shine - everyone knows that. Please allow us to do this. Rub the floor in the hallway so it shines.

The high school students were very confused. They wrote to the wall newspaper:

“We are sixth graders. We are ashamed of yesterday's shameful moments. We are worried. We didn't polish the floor in the hallway well. And we are grateful to the second “A” who came to help us. But we will correct our mistake. We will soon get together and everyone in place, the whole team, will polish the floor until it shines. Don't let the second graders worry. Everything will be done. We will do everything ourselves."

But they didn’t wait for October. They polished the floor the same day. And the next day we read the wall newspaper. And they wrote their note.

“We, second graders, apologize. We polished the floor without permission. Do not worry. We did everything ourselves."

Victor Golyavkin “A couple of trifles”

As soon as the school year ended, the whole class gathered in the yard. We discussed what they would do in the summer. Everyone said different things. And Volodya said:

- Let's write letters to Anna Petrovna. Where anyone will be, he will write from there. About what I saw in the summer. How did you spend your time.

Everyone shouted:

- Right! Right!

That's what they decided on.

Everyone has gone somewhere. Klim went to the village. He immediately wrote a letter there - five pages.

He wrote:

“I saved drowning people in the village. They were all pleased. One rescued person told me: “If it weren’t for you, I would have drowned.” And I told him: “For me this is a couple of trifles.” And he said: “It’s no big deal for me.” I said, “Of course, it’s not a piece of cake for you, but it’s a piece of cake for me.” He said, “Thank you very much.” I said: “You’re welcome, because for me it’s a couple of trifles.”

I saved about fifty or a hundred people. Even, maybe more. And then they stopped drowning, and there was no one to save.

Then I saw a broken rail. And stopped the whole train. People ran out of the carriages. They hugged me and praised me. And many kissed. Many people asked for my address, and I gave them my address. Many gave their addresses, and I took their addresses with pleasure. Many offered me gifts, but I said: “Only, please, without this.” Many took pictures of me, I took pictures with many, many offered me to go with them right away, but I could not leave my grandmother. I didn't warn her!

Then I saw a burning house. He was burning with all his might. And there was plenty of smoke. "Forward! - I said to myself. “There’s definitely someone there!”

Beams were falling all around me. Several beams fell behind me, and several in front. Several beams fell to the side. One beam fell on my shoulder. Two or three beams fell from the other side. Five beams fell right on my head. Several beams also fell somewhere. But I didn't pay attention. I searched all over the house. But there was no one there except the cat. I ran out into the street with the cat. The owners of the house were here. They held watermelons in their hands. “Thank you for Murka,” they said. “We just came from the grocery store.” They gave me one watermelon. Then everyone put out the fire in the house...

Then I saw the old woman. She was crossing the street. I immediately went to meet her. “Please allow me,” I said, “to take you to the other side.” I took her to the other side and came back. More old women came up. I also transferred them to the other side. Some old ladies didn't need to go to the other side. But I said: “Please, I will transfer you there and back. And you will be on this side again."

They all told me: “If it weren’t for you, we wouldn’t have crossed.” And I said: “For me this is a couple of trifles.”

Two or three old women did not want to cross. They were just sitting on a bench. And they looked at the other side. When I asked if they needed to go to the other side, they said: “We don’t need to go there.” And when I said why don't they take a walk, they said, "Really, why don't we take a walk?"

I transferred them all to the other side. They sat down on a bench there. They didn't want to go back. No matter how much I begged them.”

Klim wrote a lot of things. He was very pleased with his letter. And he sent the letter by mail.

Then summer ended. Classes have started.

During the lesson, Anna Petrovna said:

“A lot of people wrote letters to me.” Nice, interesting letters. I'll read some to you.

“Now it will begin,” thought Klim. — There are many heroic deeds in my letter. Everyone will praise and admire me.”

Anna Petrovna read many letters.

But I didn’t read his letters.

“Well, everything is clear here,” thought Klim. — a letter was sent to the newspaper. It will be printed there. Maybe there will be a portrait of me. Everyone will say: “Oh, it’s him! Look! And I’ll say: “So what? It's a piece of cake for me."

Victor Golyavkin “In the Closet”

Before class, I climbed into the closet. I wanted to meow from the closet. They'll think it's a cat, but it's me.

I was sitting in the closet, waiting for the lesson to start, and didn’t notice how I fell asleep.

I wake up and the class is quiet. I look through the crack - there is no one. I pushed the door, but it was closed. So, I slept through the entire lesson. Everyone went home and they locked me in the closet.

It's stuffy in the closet and dark as night. I got scared, I started screaming:

- Uh-uh! I'm in the closet! Help!

I listened - silence all around.

- ABOUT! Comrades! I'm sitting in the closet!

I hear someone's steps. Someone is coming.

- Who's bawling here?

I immediately recognized Aunt Nyusha, the cleaning lady. I was delighted and shouted:

- Aunt Nyusha, I’m here!

- Where are you, dear?

- I'm in the closet! In the closet!

- How did you get there, my dear?

- I'm in the closet, grandma!

- So I hear that you are in the closet. So what do you want? Aunt Nyusha left. Silence again. She probably went to get the key.

Pal Palych knocked on the cabinet with his finger.

“There’s no one there,” said Pal Palych.

- Why not? “Yes,” said Aunt Nyusha.

- Well, where is he? - said Pal Palych and knocked on the closet again.

I was afraid that everyone would leave and I would remain in the closet, and I shouted with all my might:

- I'm here!

- Who are you? - asked Pal Palych.

- I... Tsypkin...

- Why did you climb there, Tsypkin?

- They locked me... I didn’t get in...

- Hm... They locked him up! But he didn’t get in! Have you seen it? What wizards there are in our school! They don't get into the closet when they are locked in the closet. Miracles don’t happen, do you hear, Tsypkin?

- I hear...

- How long have you been sitting there? - asked Pal Palych.

- Don't know...

“Find the key,” said Pal Palych. - Fast.

Aunt Nyusha went to get the key, but Pal Palych stayed behind. He sat down on a chair nearby and began to wait. I saw his face through the crack. He was very angry. He lit a cigarette and said:

- Well! What a prank can lead to! Tell me honestly: why are you in the closet?

I wanted to disappear from the closet. They open the closet, and I’m not there. It was as if I had never been there. They will ask me: “Were you in the closet?” I will say: “I wasn’t.” They will say to me: “Who was there?” I will say: “I don’t know.”

But this only happens in fairy tales!

Surely tomorrow they will call mom... Your son, they will say, climbed into the closet, slept through all the lessons there, and all that...

It's like I can sleep here comfortably! My legs ache, my back hurts. One torment! What was my answer?

I was silent.

-Are you alive there? - asked Pal Palych.

- Alive...

- Well, sit down, they will open soon...

- I am sitting...

“So...” said Pal Palych. - So will you answer me why you climbed into this closet?

- Who? Tsypkin? In the closet? Why?

I wanted to disappear again.

The director asked:

- Tsypkin, is that you?

I sighed heavily. I simply couldn't answer anymore.

Aunt Nyusha said:

— The class leader took the key.

“Break the door,” said the director.

I felt the door being broken down, the closet shook, and I hit my forehead painfully.

I was afraid that the cabinet would fall and I cried.

I pressed my hands against the walls of the closet, and when the door gave way and opened, I continued to stand in the same way.

“Well, come out,” said the director. “And explain to us what that means.”

I didn't move. I was scared.

- Why is he standing? - asked the director. I was pulled out of the closet.

I was silent the whole time. I didn't know what to say. I just wanted to meow. But how would I put it...

Victor Golyavkin “How I wanted to deceive everyone”

I don’t even want to talk about it. But I'll tell you anyway.

Everyone thought I was really sick, but my gumboil was not real. It was I who put a blotter under my cheek, and that’s why my cheek became swollen. And in addition, he made a grimace - he said, my tooth hurts! And I hum lightly; I did this all on purpose so that they wouldn’t ask for the lesson.

And Anna Petrovna believed me. And the guys believed. Everyone felt sorry for me and worried. And I pretended that I was in great pain. Anna Petrovna said:

- Go home. Since your tooth hurts so much.

But I didn’t want to go home at all. I roll the blotter in my mouth with my tongue and think: “I fooled everyone!”

Suddenly Tanka Vederkina screams:

- Oh, look, the gumboil is on the other side!

Leonid Kaminsky “Three wishes of second-grader Vitya”

Once upon a time there lived a little boy, Vitya. He was in second grade and was a poor student because he could only count to two.

But Vitya was not very upset, because he could only count to two, and therefore thought that two was the highest mark.

One day, when Vitya came home from school, his parents looked into his diary and were horrified.

- This mess! - said dad. - Where are the A's? Or fours? Or at least three?! If you study like this, you will soon become not only a second grader, but also a repeater!

“Oh,” said my mother, “if I had known that you were learning this way, I would never have bought you a new fish for the aquarium!”

Vitya immediately ran to the aquarium to look at the fish. The fish was very beautiful and sparkled with golden scales.

“Is it really a magic goldfish?” - thought Vitya.

“Yes,” said the goldfish, “you guessed it: I’m really magical.” Do you want, Vitya, to fulfill any three of your wishes?

“Okay,” said the goldfish, “there’s nothing simpler!”

The next day Vitya received the first five. Anna Petrovna asked him how many fingers there are on his hand, and he answered: “Five.”

And a day later Vitya came home sad.

- What's happened? - asked the goldfish.

“I earned a deuce again,” Vitya answered. — The teacher asked how many legs an octopus has, and I said five. But it was necessary - eight.

“I understand,” said the goldfish, “your second wish is to learn to count to eight?”

“Yeah,” Vitya answered.

“Okay, it will be so,” the fish promised.

The next day Vitya came home even sadder.

“I know what happened,” said the fish. - Probably, Anna Petrovna asked how many legs a centipede has, and you answered - eight?

“Yes,” Vitya answered in surprise. - How do you know that?

-Have you forgotten that I’m magical? - answered the goldfish. - Well, now you will ask me to fulfill your third wish - to learn to count to forty?

“Yeah,” said Vitya.

“No,” the fish objected, “it’s useless.” For example, tomorrow the teacher will ask how many minutes are in an hour, and you will answer: “Forty.”

- How much do you need? - Vitya asked.

- Sixty. Or he will ask you how many days there are in a year, and you will again say “Forty.” But in fact - three hundred sixty-five.

“Yes,” Vitya sighed, “it turns out there are so many different numbers in the world!” Then grant my third wish. Make sure I know all the numbers. Everything, everything that exists!

“I’ll try,” answered the goldfish, “although it’s very difficult.” But I have one condition - starting from tomorrow you must learn your lessons!

“I’ll try,” said Vitya, “although it’s very difficult...

Leonid Kaminsky “What just happened!”

- Lyudmila Arkadyevna, can I come in?

- Come in, Serezhkin!

- I am late.

- I already guessed about this. First of all, hello!

- Hello.

- Secondly, explain to us: what happened?

- Oh, what happened! First the watch got damaged.

— Have you stopped, or what?

- No, the clock hand just started moving counterclockwise. And the minute is against the minute. And so I couldn't find out what time it was. But then I found out.

- How?

— It’s very simple: by phone. I dialed “zero eight”, and they said: “It’s already half past nine!” I say, “Really?” And they answer: “Yeah!”

“I realized that I was late, quickly got dressed and ran out the door. I look: the painters have painted the entire staircase with green paint. And they hung a sign: “The passage is temporarily closed.” This means until it dries. What to do? All residents had to climb down the drainpipe.

- And you too?

- And me too. I quickly went down from the fifth floor and ran out into the street: what is this! There is no way to get to the other side; the entire street is blocked.

- Was it really painted green too?

- No, what are you talking about! It just turned out that a giraffe was being led along the roadway, so all traffic stopped.

-Where were they taking this giraffe?

- Don't know. Probably to the zoo. Or to the circus.

- Or for filming?

- Or for filming. In general, we had to wait. Well, then I ran to school because nothing else happened.

- So. A very amazing story. Now confess, Serezhkin: are there at least two words of truth from what you just told us?

- There are two words...

- What words are these?

Once upon a time there lived a little boy, Vitya. He was in second grade and was a poor student because he could only count to two.

But Vitya was not very upset, because he could only count to two, and therefore thought that two was the highest mark.

One day, when Vitya came home from school, his parents looked into his diary and were horrified.

This mess! - said dad. - Where are the A's? Or fours? Or at least three?! If you study like this, you will soon become not only a second grader, but also a repeater!

“Oh,” said my mother, “if I had known that you were learning this way, I would never have bought you a new fish for the aquarium!”

Vitya immediately ran to the aquarium to look at the fish. The fish was very beautiful and sparkled with golden scales.

“Is it really a magic goldfish?” - thought Vitya.

Yes, - said the goldfish, - you guessed it: I really am magical. Do you want, Vitya, to fulfill any three of your wishes?

“Okay,” said the goldfish, “nothing could be simpler!”

The next day Vitya received the first five. Anna Petrovna asked him how many fingers there are on his hand, and he answered: “Five.”

And a day later Vitya came home sad.

What's happened? - asked the goldfish.

I earned a deuce again,” Vitya answered. - The teacher asked how many legs an octopus has, and I said five. But it was necessary - eight.

I understand,” said the goldfish, “your second wish is to learn to count to eight?”

“Yeah,” Vitya answered.

“Okay, it will be so,” the fish promised.

The next day Vitya came home even sadder.

“I know what happened,” said the fish. - Probably, Anna Petrovna asked how many legs a centipede has, and you answered - eight?

Yes,” Vitya answered in surprise. - How do you know that?

Have you forgotten that I'm magical? - answered the goldfish. - Well, now you will ask me to fulfill your third wish - to learn to count to forty?

“Yeah,” said Vitya.

No,” the fish objected, “it’s useless.” For example, tomorrow the teacher will ask how many minutes are in an hour, and you will answer: “Forty.”

How much do you need? - Vitya asked.

Sixty. Or he will ask you how many days there are in a year, and you will again say “Forty.” But in fact - three hundred sixty-five.

Yes,” Vitya sighed, “it turns out there are so many different numbers in the world!” Then grant my third wish. Make sure I know all the numbers. Everything, everything that exists!

“I’ll try,” answered the goldfish, “although it’s very difficult.” But I have one condition - starting from tomorrow you must learn your lessons!

“I’ll try,” said Vitya, “although it’s very difficult...

Stories for primary schoolchildren about nature

Tanyusha had heard a lot about cuttings, but didn’t know what they were.

One day my father brought a bunch of green twigs and said:

These are currant cuttings. Let's plant currants, Tanyusha.

Tanya began to look at the cuttings. The sticks are like sticks - slightly longer than a pencil.

Tanyusha was surprised:

How can currants grow from these sticks when they have neither roots nor branches?

And the father answers:

But they have buds. Roots will emerge from the lower buds. But from this top one, a currant bush will grow.

Tanyusha couldn’t believe that a small bud could become a big bush. And I decided to check it out. I decided to grow currants myself. In the front garden. In front of the hut, right under the windows. And there were burdocks and burdocks growing there. Yes, they are so tenacious that you won’t be able to weed them out right away. Grandma helped. They pulled out the burdocks and thistles, and Tanyusha began to dig up the ground. This is not an easy job. First you need to remove the turf, then break up the clods. And the turf near the ground is thick and hard. And the lumps are hard.

Tanya had to work a lot until the land was conquered. It became soft and crumbly.

Tanya marked out the dug up ground with a string and pegs. She did everything as her father ordered and planted currant cuttings in rows. She sat down and began to wait.

The long-awaited day has come. Sprouts emerged from the buds, and soon leaves appeared.

By autumn, small bushes rose from the sprouts. And a year later they bloomed and produced the first berries. A small handful from each bush.

Tanya is pleased that she grew currants herself. And people rejoice looking at the girl:

This is what a good “currant” the Kalinnikovs are growing. Persistent. Hard-working. Black-eyed, with a white ribbon in her braid.

When you go into the forest on a sunny morning in summer, you can see diamonds in the fields and grass. All these diamonds sparkle and shimmer in the sun in different colors - yellow, red, and blue. When you come closer and see what it is, you will see that these are drops of dew collected in triangular leaves of grass and glistening in the sun.

The inside of the leaf of this grass is shaggy and fluffy, like velvet. And the drops roll on the leaf and do not wet it.

When you carelessly pick a leaf with a dewdrop, the droplet will roll off like a light ball, and you will not see how it slips past the stem. It happened that you would pick such a cup, slowly bring it to your mouth and drink the dewdrop, and this dewdrop seemed tastier than any drink.

Grandfather Kuzma lived with his granddaughter Varyusha in the village of Mokhovoe, near the forest.

The winter was harsh, with strong winds and snow. During the entire winter, it never got warmer and fussy melt water did not drip from the plank roofs. At night, chilled wolves howled in the forest. Grandfather Kuzma said that they howl out of envy towards people: the wolf also wants to live in a hut, scratch itself and lie by the stove, warm up its frozen, shaggy skin.

In the middle of winter, my grandfather ran out of shag. The grandfather coughed heavily, complained of poor health and said that if he took just one drag or two, he would immediately feel better.

On Sunday, Varyusha went to the neighboring village of Perebory to buy shag for her grandfather.

A railway passed by the village. Varyusha bought some shag, tied it in a calico bag and went to the station to look at the trains. They rarely stopped in Perebory. Almost always they rushed past with a clang and roar.

Two soldiers were sitting on the platform. One was bearded, with a cheerful and gray eye. The locomotive roared. It was already visible how he, all in pairs, was furiously rushing towards the station from the distant black forest.

Fast! - said the fighter with a beard. - Look, girl, she'll blow you away with a train. You'll fly into the sky.

The locomotive crashed into the station. The snow swirled and covered my eyes.

Then they started knocking, the wheels catching up with each other. Varyusha grabbed the lamppost and closed her eyes, as if she really wouldn’t be lifted off the ground and dragged behind the train. When the train rushed by, and the snow dust was still spinning in the air and landing on the ground, the bearded fighter asked Varyusha:

What's that in your bag? Not shag?

“Makhorka,” answered Varyusha.

Maybe you can sell it? I'm very keen on smoking.

“Grandfather Kuzma does not order to sell,” Varyusha answered sternly. - This is for his cough.

“Oh, you,” said the fighter, “a flower-petal in felt boots!” Painfully serious!

“Just take as much as you need,” Varyusha said and handed the bag to the fighter. - Smoke!

The fighter poured a good handful of shag into his overcoat pocket, rolled a thick cigarette, lit a cigarette, took Varyusha by the chin and looked, chuckling, into her blue eyes.

“Oh, you,” he repeated, “pansies with pigtails!” What should I give you as a gift? Is it this?

The fighter took a small steel ring from his overcoat pocket, blew off crumbs of makhorka and salt from it, rubbed it on the sleeve of his overcoat and put it on Varyusha’s middle finger:

Wear it in good health! This ring is absolutely wonderful. Look how it burns!

Why is he, uncle, so wonderful? - Varyusha asked, flushed.

“And because,” the fighter answered, “if you wear it on your middle finger, it will bring health.” And for you and grandfather Kuzma. And if you put it on this one, on the nameless one,” the fighter pulled Varyusha’s chilled, red finger, “you will have great joy.” Or, for example, you might want to see the white world with all its wonders. Put the ring on your index finger and you will definitely see it!

As if? - Varyusha asked.

“And you believe him,” another fighter boomed from under the raised collar of his greatcoat. - He's a sorcerer. Have you heard this word?

I heard.

Well then! - the fighter laughed. - He's an old sapper. The mine didn't even touch him!

Thank you! - Varyusha said and ran to her place in Mokhovoye.

The wind blew up and thick, thick snow began to fall. Varyusha kept touching the ring, turning it and watching how it sparkled in the winter light.

“Why did the fighter forget to tell me about his little finger? - she thought. - What will happen then? Let me put the ring on my little finger and I’ll try it.”

She put the ring on her little finger. He was thin, the ring could not stay on him, fell into the deep snow near the path and immediately dived to the very snowy bottom.

Varyusha gasped and began to shovel the snow with her hands. But there was no ring. Varyusha’s fingers turned blue. They were so cramped from the frost that they could no longer bend. Varyusha began to cry. The ring is missing! This means that now grandfather Kuzma will not be healthy, and she will not have great joy, and she will not see the world with all its miracles.

Varyusha stuck an old spruce branch into the snow, in the place where she dropped the ring, and went home. She wiped her tears with a mitten, but they still came and froze, and this made her eyes sting and hurt.

Grandfather Kuzma was delighted with the shag, smoked the whole hut, and said about the ring:

Don't worry, fool! Where it fell, it lies there. Ask Sidor. He'll find it for you.

The old sparrow Sidor was sleeping on a pole, swollen like a balloon. All winter, Sidor lived in Kuzma’s hut on his own, like the owner. He forced not only Varyusha, but also his grandfather himself to reckon with his character. He pecked porridge straight from the bowls, and tried to snatch the bread from his hands, and when they drove him away, he became offended, squirmed, and began to fight and chirp so angrily that the neighbor's sparrows flew under the eaves, listened, and then made noise for a long time, condemning Sidor for his bad temper. . He lives in a hut, warm, well-fed, but everything is not enough for him!

The next day Varyusha caught Sidor, wrapped him in a scarf and carried him into the forest.

Only the very tip of a spruce branch stuck out from under the snow. Varyusha put Sidor on a branch and asked:

Look, rummage! Maybe you'll find it!

But Sidor squinted his eyes, looked at the snow incredulously and squeaked:

“Look! Look! I found a fool!.. Look, look, look!” - Sidor repeated, fell off the branch and flew back to the hut.

The ring was never found.

Grandfather Kuzma coughed more and more. By spring he climbed onto the stove. I almost didn’t come down from there and that’s all

asked for a drink more often. Varyusha served him cold water in an iron ladle.

Blizzards circled over the village, blowing huts over. The pines got stuck in the snow, and Varyusha could no longer find in the forest the place where she had dropped the ring. More and more often, hiding behind the stove, she quietly cried out of pity for her grandfather and scolded herself.

Stupid! - she whispered. - I got spoiled and dropped my ring. Here's to you for this! It is for you!

She beat herself on the crown of the head with her fist, punished herself, and grandfather Kuzma asked:

Who are you making noise with there?

With Sidor,” answered Varyusha. - It has become so unheard of! Everything strives to fight.

One morning Varyusha woke up because Sidor was jumping on the window and knocking on the glass with his beak. Varyusha opened her eyes and closed them. Long drops fell from the roof, chasing each other. A hot light shone through the window. The jackdaws were screaming.

Varyusha looked out into the street. The warm wind blew into her eyes and ruffled her hair.

Here comes spring! - said Varyusha.

The black branches glistened, rustled, sliding from

roofs, wet snow, and the damp forest behind the outskirts rustled importantly and cheerfully. Spring walked across the fields like a young mistress.

As soon as she looked at the ravine, a stream immediately began to gurgle and overflow in it. Spring was coming, and the sound of streams became louder and louder with each step.

The snow in the forest darkened. First, brown pine needles that had fallen off during the winter appeared on it. Then many dry branches appeared - they were broken by a storm back in December - then last year's fallen leaves turned yellow, thawed patches appeared and the first coltsfoot flowers bloomed on the edge of the last snowdrifts.

Varyusha found an old spruce branch in the forest - the one she had stuck in the snow where she had dropped the ring, and began to carefully rake out old leaves, empty cones scattered by woodpeckers, branches, rotten moss. A light flashed under one black leaf. Varyusha screamed and sat down.

Here it is, a steel ring! It hasn't rusted at all.

Varyusha grabbed it, put it on her middle finger and ran home.

From a distance, running up to the hut, she saw grandfather Kuzma. He left the hut, sat on the rubble, and the blue smoke from the shag rose above his grandfather straight to the sky, as if Kuzma was drying out in the spring sun and steam was smoking above him.

Well, - said the grandfather, - you, the pinwheel, jumped out of the hut, forgot to close the door, and the whole hut was blown through with light air. And immediately the illness left me. Now I’ll smoke, take a cleaver, prepare some firewood, we’ll light the oven and bake rye flatbread.

Varyusha laughed, stroked her grandfather’s shaggy gray hair, and said:

Thanks ring! It cured you, grandfather Kuzma.

All day Varyusha wore a ring on her middle finger to firmly drive away her grandfather’s illness. Only in the evening, when she was going to bed, she took the ring off her middle finger and put it on her ring finger. After this, great joy was to happen. But she hesitated, did not come, and Varyusha fell asleep without waiting.

She got up early, got dressed and left the hut.

A quiet and warm dawn was breaking over the earth. At the edge of the sky the stars were still burning out. Varyusha went to the forest. She stopped at the edge of the forest. What is that ringing in the forest, as if someone is carefully moving the bells? Varyusha bent down, listened and clasped her hands: the white snowdrops swayed slightly, nodded to the dawn, and each flower tinkled, as if a small ringer beetle was sitting in it and beating its paw on a silver web. At the top of a pine tree a woodpecker struck five times.

"Five hours! - thought Varyusha. - It’s so early! And be quiet!

Immediately, high on the branches in the golden dawn light, an oriole began to sing. Varyusha stood with her mouth slightly open, listening and smiling. A strong, warm, gentle wind blew over her, and something rustled nearby. The hazel swayed and yellow pollen fell from the nut earrings.

Someone walked unseen past Varyusha, carefully moving away the branches. A cuckoo began to crow and bow towards him.

“Who went through this? But I didn’t even notice!” - thought Varyusha.

She didn't know that spring had passed her by.

Varyusha laughed loudly, loudly, throughout the forest, and ran home. And tremendous joy - such that you cannot grasp it with your hands - rang and sang in her heart.

Spring flared up every day more and more brightly, more and more cheerfully. Such light poured from the sky that grandfather Kuzma’s eyes became narrow, like slits, but they chuckled all the time. And then, through the forests, through the meadows, through the ravines, thousands of thousands of flowers began to bloom and sparkle all at once, as if someone had sprinkled magic water on them.

Varyusha was thinking about putting the ring on her index finger to see the white light with all its wonders, but she looked at all these flowers, at the sticky birch leaves, at the clear sky and the hot sun, listened to the roll call of roosters, the ringing of water, the whistling of birds over the fields - and I didn’t put the ring on my index finger.

“I’ll make it,” she thought. - Nowhere in this world can it be as good as here in Mokhovoy. What a beauty this is! It’s not for nothing that Grandfather Kuzma says that our land is a true paradise and there is no other such good land in this world!”

Stories about the Second World War for primary school children

The grandfather came up to his grandson’s bed, tickled his cheek with his grayish mustache and said cheerfully:

Well, Ivanka, get up! It's time to get up!

The boy quickly opened his eyes and saw that his grandfather was dressed unusually: instead of the usual dark suit, he was wearing a military jacket. Vanya immediately recognized this jacket - his grandfather was photographed wearing it in May 1945 on the last day of the war in Berlin. On the tunic there are green shoulder straps with a small green star on a narrow red stripe, and medals on beautiful multi-colored ribbons jingle lightly above the pocket.

In the photo the grandfather looks very similar, only his mustache is completely black, and a thick wavy forelock peeks out from under the visor of his cap.

Ivan the hero, rise up! Get ready for a hike! - Grandfather hummed cheerfully in his ear.

Is today already Sunday? - Vanya asked. - And we'll go to the circus?

Yes. “Today is Sunday,” grandfather pointed to a piece of calendar. - But Sunday is special.

The boy looked at the calendar: “What special Sunday?” - he thought. On the calendar sheet the name of the month and the number were printed in red paint. As always. “Maybe today is Victory Day? But this holiday happens in the spring, in May, and now it’s still winter... Why is grandfather in military uniform?”

“Take a good look,” said grandfather and picked Vanya up in his arms, brought him to the calendar and asked:

Do you see what month it is? - And he answered:

The month of February. What about the number? Second. And what happened on this day, many, many years ago, in 1943? Forgot? Oh, Ivan - the soldier's grandson! I told you more than once. And last year, and the year before... Well, do you remember?..

No,” Vanya admitted honestly. - I was very young then.

The grandfather lowered his grandson to the floor, squatted down and pointed to the polished yellow medal that hung on his jacket, the first after two silver ones - “For Courage” and “For Military Merit.” Soldiers with rifles were stamped on the circle of the medal. They went on the attack under an unfurled banner. Planes were flying above them, and tanks were rushing to the side. At the top, near the very edge, was extruded: “For the defense of Stalingrad.”

I remembered, I remembered! - Vanya shouted joyfully. - On this day you defeated the Nazis on the Volga...

Grandfather smoothed his mustache and, pleased, said in a deep voice:

Well done for remembering! I haven't forgotten, that is. Today we will walk with you through those places where the battles took place, where we stopped the fascists and from where we drove all the way to Berlin!

* * *

Let us, reader, follow our grandfather, and remember those days when the fate of our country, our Motherland, was decided near the city on the Volga.

* * *

Grandfather and grandson walked through the sunny winter city. The snow creaked underfoot. The ringing trams rushed past. The trolleybuses rustled heavily with their large tires. Cars rushed by one after another... Tall poplars and wide maples nodded welcomingly to pedestrians with their snow-covered branches... Sunny bunnies bounced off the blue windows of new houses and briskly jumped from floor to floor.

Coming out onto the wide Station Square, the grandfather and the boy stopped at a snow-covered flower bed.

A tall spire with a golden star rose into the blue sky above the station building.

Grandfather took out a cigarette case, lit a cigarette, looked around the railway station, the square, the new houses, and again the events of the distant war years came back to him... a junior lieutenant in the reserve, a veteran soldier.

* * *

The Great Patriotic War was going on.

Hitler forced other countries - his allies - to participate in the war against us.

The enemy was strong and dangerous.

Our troops had to retreat temporarily. We had to temporarily give up our lands to the enemy - the Baltic states, Moldova, Ukraine, Belarus...

The Nazis wanted to take Moscow. We were already looking at the capital through binoculars... The day of the parade was set...

Yes, Soviet soldiers defeated enemy troops near Moscow in the winter of 1941.

Having been defeated near Moscow, Hitler ordered his generals in the summer of 1942 to break through to the Volga and capture the city of Stalingrad.

Access to the Volga and the capture of Stalingrad could provide fascist troops with a successful advance to the Caucasus, to its oil riches.

In addition, the capture of Stalingrad would have divided the front of our armies in two, cut off the central regions from the southern ones, and most importantly, would have given the Nazis the opportunity to bypass Moscow from the east and take it.

* * *

Having transferred 90 divisions and all reserves to the southern direction, creating an advantage in manpower and equipment, the fascist generals in mid-July 1942 broke through the defenses of our Southwestern Front and moved towards Stalingrad.

The Soviet command did everything to detain the enemy.

Two reserve armies were urgently allocated. They stood in the way of the Nazis.

The Stalingrad Front was created between the Volga and Don.

Women, children, and old people were evacuated from the city. Defensive structures were built around the city. Steel hedgehogs and gouges stood in the way of the fascist tanks.

At each factory, workers created battalions of volunteer militias. During the day they assembled tanks, made shells, and after the shift they prepared to defend the city.

Fascist generals received an order to wipe out the city on the Volga from the face of the earth.

And on a sunny day on August 23, 1942, thousands of planes with black crosses fell on Stalingrad.

Wave after wave of Junkers and Heinkels came, dropping hundreds of bombs on residential areas of the city. Buildings collapsed and huge pillars of fire rose to the sky. The entire city was enveloped in smoke - the glow of the burning Stalingrad was visible for tens of kilometers.

After the raid, the fascist generals reported to Hitler: the city was destroyed!

And they received the order: take Stalingrad!

The Nazis managed to break through to the outskirts of the city, to the tractor factory and to the Oak Ravine. But there they were met by battalions of volunteer workers, security officers, anti-aircraft gunners and military school cadets.

The battle went on all day and all night. The Nazis did not enter the city.

Enemy soldiers managed to break through to the city's railway station.

Fierce fighting raged at the station for fourteen days. The soldiers of the battalion of Senior Lieutenant Fedoseev fought to the death, repelling more and more enemy attacks.

Our command kept in touch with Fedoseev’s battalion, first by telephone, and when the Nazis surrounded the station, by radio.

But Fedoseev did not answer the call signs of the headquarters. They called him all day, but he was silent. They decided that all the soldiers of the battalion were killed. Morning came, and over the broken roof of one of the houses they saw a red banner waving. This means that the Fedoseevites are alive and continue to fight the enemy!

The army commander, General Chuikov, ordered an order to be delivered to senior lieutenant Fedoseev so that he and the soldiers would withdraw to new positions.

Sergeant Smirnov was sent as a liaison. The sergeant somehow got to the ruins of the station and learned that only ten people remained from the battalion. The commander, senior lieutenant Fedoseev, also died.

The messenger asks: “Why are you silent? Why don’t you answer headquarters’ call signs?”

It turned out that the shell had destroyed the radio. The radio operator was killed.

The fighters began to wait until nightfall to retreat to new positions. And at this time the Nazis began to attack again.

There are tanks ahead, and machine gunners behind them.

The Fedoseevites lay in ruins.

Are waiting.

Enemy soldiers are advancing.

It's getting closer. Closer.

The Fedoseevites are silent.

Are waiting.

The Nazis decided that all our soldiers had died... And, rising to their full height, they rushed to the station.

Fire! - came the command.

Machine guns and machine guns were fired up.

Bottles with a flammable mixture flew into the tanks.

One tank caught fire, another stalled, a third stopped, a fourth turned back, and behind it came the fascist machine gunners...

The fighters took advantage of the enemy’s panic, took down the banner, pierced by shrapnel, and went to their own basements to new positions.

The Nazis paid dearly for the station.

* * *

In mid-September, Nazi troops again intensified their attacks.

They managed to break into the city center. There were battles for every street, for every house, for every floor...

* * *

From the station, grandfather and grandson walked to the Volga embankment.

Let's go after them too.

Next to the house where they were staying, there was a tank turret mounted on a gray square pedestal.

Here, during the battles for the city, the headquarters of the main, central crossing was located.

To the right and left of this place there were trenches along the entire Volga bank. Here our troops defended the approaches to the Volga, and repelled enemy attacks from here.

Such monuments - a green tank turret on a pedestal - stand along our entire line of defense.

Here the Stalingrad soldiers took an oath: “Not a step back!” Further, to the Volga, they did not allow the enemy - they protected the approaches to the river crossings. Our troops received reinforcements from that bank.

There were several crossings across the Volga, but near the central one the Nazis were especially fierce.

Enemy bombers hovered over the Volga day and night.

They chased not only tugboats and self-propelled guns, but also fishing boats and small rafts - sometimes the wounded were transported onto them.

But the rivermen of the city and the military sailors of the Volga flotilla, despite everything, delivered cargo.

Once there was such a case...

They call Sergeant Smirnov to the command post and give him the task: to get to the other side and tell the army's logistics chief that the troops will hold out at the central crossing for another night, and in the morning there will be nothing to repel enemy attacks. We urgently need to deliver ammunition.

Somehow the sergeant made it to the head of the rear and conveyed the order of the army commander, General Chuikov.

The soldiers quickly loaded a large barge and began to wait for the longboat.

They wait and think: “A powerful tug will come, pick up the barge and quickly throw it across the Volga.”

The soldiers look - an old steamboat flops, and it is named somehow inappropriately - “Swallow”. The noise it makes is so loud you can cover your ears, and its speed is like that of a turtle. “Well, they think, you can’t even get to the middle of the river with this.”

But the barge commander tried to reassure the fighters:

Don't look at how slow the ship is. He has transported more than one barge like ours. “Swallow” has a fighting team.

"Swallow" approaches the barge. The soldiers are watching, but there are only three people on the team: a captain, a mechanic and a girl.

Before the steamboat had time to approach the barge, the girl, the daughter of mechanic Grigoriev, Irina, deftly hooked the cable hook and shouted:

Let's get a few people on the longboat, you'll help fight off the Nazis!

Sergeant Smirnov and two soldiers jumped onto the deck, and the Lastochka dragged the barge.

As soon as we reached the reach, German reconnaissance planes circled in the air, and rockets hung on parachutes over the crossing.

It became as bright as day around.

The bombers came after the scouts and began diving first on the barge, then on the longboat.

The fighters hit the planes with rifles, the bombers almost hit the pipes and masts of the longboat with their wings. On the right and left sides there are columns of water from bomb explosions. After each explosion, the soldiers look around with alarm: “Is that really it? Got it?!” They look - the barge is moving towards the shore.

The captain of the Lastochka, Vasily Ivanovich Krainov, an old Volgar, knows that the steering wheel turns left and right, maneuvers, and steers the longboat away from direct hits. And that's it - forward, to the shore.

German mortar men noticed the steamboat and barge and also began to fire.

The mines fly by with a howl, splash into the water, and fragments whistle.

One mine hit a barge.

A fire started. Flames ran across the deck.

What to do? Cut the cable? The fire is about to approach the boxes with shells. But the captain of the longboat turned the helm sharply, and... “Swallow” began to approach the burning barge.

Somehow they moored to the high side, grabbed hooks, fire extinguishers, buckets of sand - and boarded the barge.

The first is Irina, followed by the fighters. They put out a fire on the deck. They knock him off the boxes. And no one thinks that every minute any box can explode.

The soldiers threw off their greatcoats and pea coats and covered the flames with them. The fire burns hands and faces. It's stuffy. Smoke. It's hard to breathe.

But the soldiers and crew of “Swallow” turned out to be stronger than fire. The ammunition was salvaged and brought ashore.

* * *

All the longboats and boats of the Volga flotilla had so many such voyages that they couldn’t be counted. Heroic flights.

Soon in the city on the Volga, where the central crossing was, a monument to all the hero rivermen will be erected.

The Nazis managed to capture it.

Having placed machine guns and mortars on the floors, enemy soldiers began to fire at our positions.

* * *

Regimental commander Elin summoned scouts - Sergeant Yakov Pavlov and soldiers: Sasha Alexandrov, Vasily Glushchenko and Nikolai Chernogolov.

That’s it, guys,” said the colonel, “go and visit the Fritz at night.” Find out how many of them there are, how best to get to them and whether it is possible to knock them out of there.

This house is a very important object strategically. Whoever owns it holds the entire Volga region under fire...

At night at that time the streets were as dark as a cave. Hitler's soldiers were very afraid of the dark. Every now and then they fired flares into the night sky. And as soon as they notice any movement on our part, anything suspicious, they immediately open heavy fire.

On such an alarming night, Sergeant Pavlov and his comrades went on reconnaissance. Some bending over, some crawling on their bellies, they reached the outer wall of this house.

They lay down, not breathing. They are listening.

The fascists in the house are talking, smoking, and firing rocket launchers.

Pavlov crawled to the entrance and hid. He hears someone rising from the basement.

The sergeant prepared a grenade. Then a rocket lit up the sky, and the scout spotted an old woman at the entrance. And she saw the fighter and was delighted.

Pavlov asks quietly:

What are you doing here?

We didn’t have time to leave for the Volga. There are several families here. The Germans drove us into the basement.

It's clear. Are there many Germans in the house?

We don’t know about those entrances, but there are twenty people in ours.

Thank you, mom. Hide quickly in the basement. Tell the rest: don't go out to anyone. Now we'll give the Krauts a little fireworks display.

Pavlov returned to his comrades and reported the situation.

Let's act!

The scouts crawled up to the house from both sides, got the hang of it and threw a grenade at the window frames.

Strong explosions were heard one after another. The flames blazed. There was a smell of burning.

Stunned by the unexpected attack, the Nazis jumped out of the entrances, jumped out of the windows - and to their own.

Fire at the enemy! - Pavlov commanded.

The scouts opened fire with machine guns.

Behind me! Occupy the floors!..

On the second floor, the fighters threw several more grenades. The enemies decided that an entire battalion had attacked them. The Nazis abandoned everything and ran in all directions.

The scouts inspected the floors in all the entrances, made sure that there was not a single living fascist left in the house, and Pavlov gave the command to take up defense. The Nazis decided to recapture the house.

They shelled the house with cannons and mortars for a whole hour.

The shelling is over.

Silence.

The Nazis decided that the battalion of Russian soldiers could not stand it and retreated to their own.

The German machine gunners again moved towards the house.

Don't shoot without a command! - Sergeant Pavlov conveyed to the soldiers.

There are already machine gunners right at the house.

Fire!

The well-aimed bursts of the Pavlovians mowed down the enemies.

The Nazis retreated again.

And again mines and shells rained down on the house.

It seemed to the Nazis that nothing living could remain there.

But as soon as the enemy machine gunners got up and went on the attack, they were met by well-aimed bullets and grenades from the scouts.

The Nazis stormed the house for two days, but were unable to take it.

The Nazis realized that they had lost an important facility from which they could shell the Volga and all our positions on the shore, and they decided to drive the Soviet soldiers out of the house at all costs. They brought in fresh forces - a whole regiment.

But our command also strengthened the garrison of scouts. Machine gunners, armor-piercers, and machine gunners came to the aid of Sergeant Pavlov and his soldiers.

Soviet soldiers defended this frontier house for 58 days.

* * *

You can get to the Red October plant by trolleybus along Lenin Avenue.

Vanya perched himself by the window and every time they drove past tank towers on pedestals, he happily stopped his grandfather and shouted: “More!” Another one!.. Again!.. Look, grandpa! Look!.."

I see, grandson! I see! This is all the front line of our defense. Here the fighters fought to the death, and the fascist troops were never able to break through further.

The trolleybus stopped.

Next stop “Red October”! - the driver announced.

Ours, grandson! Get ready to go out.

* * *

Factories of Stalingrad.

In their workshops, city workers stood at the machines for two or three shifts - they welded steel, assembled and repaired tanks and guns disabled by the enemy, and manufactured ammunition.

Militia workers came from the workshops to fight the enemy for their hometown, for their home plant.

Steelworkers and rollers, assemblers, turners and mechanics became soldiers.

Having repelled the enemy's attacks, the workers returned to their machines. The factories continued to operate.

Defending their hometown, their home plant, hundreds of brave workers became famous, and among them was the first female steelmaker, Olga Kuzminichna Kovaleva.

At this time, the chain of soldiers reported that the detachment commander had died.

And then Olga Kovaleva decided to mount the fighters on a counterattack. She stood up to her full height and shouted:

Follow me, comrades! We will not allow the enemy to enter our plant! To our city!!!

The workers heard Olga Kovaleva’s call, stood up and rushed towards the enemy.

For our native plant! For our city! For the Motherland! Hooray!..

They drove the Nazis out of the village.

Many militiamen were killed in that battle. Died

and Olga Kuzminichna Kovaleva.

* * *

In honor of the militia heroes, monuments were erected at the factory entrances.

On the marble slabs are the names of those who gave their lives in battles for the city, for their native plant.

Workers go to the factory and swear to the fallen to work so as not to disgrace their military honor.

When they return from their shift, they mentally report on what has been done during the working day.

* * *

At the tractor plant, a real T-34 tank is installed at the central entrance.

Such combat vehicles were produced here during the war.

When the enemy approached the city, the tanks were heading straight from the assembly line into battle.

Soviet tank crews performed many heroic deeds during the days of the great battle on the Volga.

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