Electric current, where does it come from and how does it get to our homes? How to explain to a child what electricity is Electricity definition for children

Electricity surrounds children everywhere: at home, on the street, in kindergarten, in toys and household appliances - it is difficult to remember an area of human activity where we could do without electricity. Therefore, children’s interest in this topic is understandable. Although the story about the properties of electricity is not only a matter of curiosity, but also... the safety of the baby!

At 2-3 years old, a little man begins a period when he is interested in everything. What is it, why, how does it work, why is it this way and not something else, how is it used, what is useful or harmful - a million questions a day are guaranteed to dad and mom. Moreover, the sphere of interests of the “why” is extensive: he is concerned with both mundane topics (like that, or), and sublime ones (,). And questions about electricity are also natural. What is current, where does it come from and where does it go when we flip the switch? Why does the light bulb glow from electricity and the TV work? How do daddy's or his work without a wire to an outlet? Why is the current so dangerous that parents forbid even approaching this outlet? The options are endless! Of course, you can brush them off, saying that the child is too young to understand this topic (from the point of view of science, electricity is such a complex concept that you can talk about it no earlier than 12-14 years old). But this approach is wrong. Moreover, from the point of view of both education and safety. Even if the baby does not understand the physics of the process, he is quite capable of knowing the essence of electric current and treating it with due respect.

Electricity: bees or electrons?

So let's start with a basic question: what is electricity? When communicating with a 2-3 year old child, several approaches are possible. First: gaming. You can tell your child that, for example, small bees or ants live inside the wires, which are virtually invisible to the human eye. And when the electrical appliance is turned off, they rest there, resting. But as soon as you connect it to the outlet (or press the switch if it is connected to the network), they begin to work: run or fly inside the wire back and forth tirelessly! And from this movement of theirs, energy is generated that lights a light bulb or allows certain devices to work. Moreover, the number of such bee-ants in the wire may vary. The more of them and the more actively they move, the higher the current strength - which means the larger the mechanism they can start. Simply put, to make a light bulb in a flashlight glow, you need very few of these “helpers,” but to illuminate a house, you need to have a much, much larger supply of electricity. And here it is important to emphasize: although such bees work for the benefit of people, they can be seriously offended if they are treated carelessly. Moreover, the matter will not be limited to insult - they can bite painfully and painfully (and the more bees, the stronger the bite will be). Therefore, you should not climb into a socket or disassemble an electrical appliance, or touch exposed wires of connected devices - the bees may not like the fact that someone is trying to interfere with their work...

If you don’t like this approach and prefer to answer your child’s questions with complete seriousness, then you can talk about the physical phenomenon of electricity only by adapting it for a little person. Explain that inside metal wires there are microparticles - electrons. On the one hand, they are so small that they cannot be seen even with a microscope, but on the other hand, there are a lot of them. In their normal state, they are in one place and do nothing. But when you turn on the device, electrons begin to move at high speed inside the wires. This movement creates the energy of electricity. To make it clear to your child how this is possible, you can compare it to water in pipes - it’s not for nothing that they say that current flows through wires. Like drops of liquid in a tube, pushing each other, following one after another, running until the valve is closed, electrons act exactly like this - only they have a switch instead of a valve. And from direct contact with electrons, unlike water, you do not get wet, but receive an electric shock. This is a real blow: there are a lot of electrons and they run at great speed. Therefore, if you get in their way, they hit the skin with great force, which, of course, is very painful. Therefore, if the device is plugged in or the wire is exposed (which is essentially equivalent to a pipe bursting when water flows out: and the more water, the stronger its pressure), you should not interfere with it. Let the electrons spend energy on the light bulb, rather than wasting it by hurting the baby!

Demonstrate electric current with examples

Whatever approach you choose in a story about electricity, the following question is logical for children: why, when the device is turned on, do bees or electrons begin to move in the wire, what makes them do this? In this case, it is necessary to talk in general terms about the structure of the electrical network, and it is advisable to do this with illustrative examples from the surrounding life or using photo and video materials. Tell us that all the wires in the house converge into one cable that contains the required number of electrons/bees for housing. Then he goes out into the street and, leaning on pillars, leads to a factory where these particles are produced - such a factory is called a power plant. You can tell how they are produced (by burning coal, driven by a hydroelectric power station or wind turbines, by solar panels) if the child shows interest in this. But usually in 2-3 years the concept that there is a factory where they make “electric bees” or electrons is enough. Although no one forbids you to conduct a small but visual experiment with your child. You will need a simple dynamo: with a light bulb and a knob that turns the light on. Your little one will surely be delighted to see that he can produce electricity with his own hands! Moreover, as soon as he stops turning the handle, the light immediately goes out - very clearly and simply.

Experimental practice is generally extremely useful - especially in those matters where it is necessary to show that the current is dangerous. To do this you will need some batteries and a couple of light bulbs. First, explain that a battery is such a small supply of electricity: like canned food, which contains electrons to power devices for some time. And then show how it works: installed it in a toy and a phone, they work. The charge of the bees/electrons has run out - the device has turned off: and you need either new batteries, or charge the old ones by “filling” a batch of “helpers” from the outlet (emphasize that not everything can be charged, but only batteries, called accumulators). Now move on to experiments. Take a 9 V battery (the one that is usually called a crown) and invite your baby to touch both contacts with his tongue at the same time. The slight burning sensation that you will feel is a manifestation of an electric shock - only weak, because there are very few bees or electrons in the battery. And in the socket there are an order of magnitude more of them, and the blow is ten times stronger and more painful. Of course, a considerable number of children will want to make sure of this. Therefore, a different experiment is needed: with a couple of different light bulbs - 4.5 V and 9 V. Connect the last one to the same battery - it lights up. And then connect the one that is designed for a lower voltage - and it will burn out, and spectacularly: with a bang, a flash and glass blackened from the inside... Explain that there are too many electrons in the battery for such a small light bulb, or that the bees did not like what happened to them play to no avail, and they ruined it. It’s the same in an outlet for a person - there is a lot of current or the bees will be offended, and he can be seriously injured.

Teach how to handle electricity carefully!

Just remember: your goal is not to intimidate the child. If you go too far in this matter, there is a high risk that fear of electricity will take root in the baby’s soul. He will be terrified of it, it will be difficult for him to use electrical appliances, he will avoid them and try not to turn them on himself. It is better not to scare, but to teach accuracy and careful handling of current. Therefore, talk about the risks, but do not embellish all the details too much.

To learn how to handle electricity, pay attention to these points:

you cannot turn on any electrical appliances in the house without the permission of adults; they must know that the baby turns on and off the TV or other large electrical appliance;

It is unacceptable to disassemble electrical appliances, even if they are unplugged from the outlet or the child thinks that some part needs to be replaced - for example, a burnt-out light bulb;

You must immediately inform adults about any problem with an electrical appliance: if it stops working, if it starts to smell unpleasant, smoke or spark, if its body breaks or the wire breaks;

In no case should you wet an electrical appliance or wires - water, on the one hand, can damage it, and on the other hand, it is a good conductor for current, and therefore an electric shock can occur through it;

you must handle electrical appliances carefully, do not throw them or hit them, all wires must be twisted carefully, without kinks, and you must pull them out of the socket not sharply or by the wire, but smoothly and by the protective plug;

on the street you cannot approach broken wires hanging from a pole or protruding from the ground, much less touch them; it is forbidden to open the doors of transformer booths and electrical panels;

Show your child the generally accepted symbols of electricity, which should tell him that under no circumstances should he approach the objects and buildings they indicate without the knowledge of adults.

And don't forget to tap into the child's curiosity. No matter how you explain safety rules to him, in any case, consciously or not, the baby will at least once try to climb into the socket, break the wire and break the electrical appliance. Therefore, various devices, from plugs to special cable mounts, are vital!

Does your child already know about the benefits and dangers of electricity?

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Hello everyone, Vladimir Vasiliev is in touch with you again. New Year's celebrations are coming to an end, which means we need to prepare for everyday work, and congratulations to you, dear friends! Heh, just don’t get upset and depressed, you need to think positively.

So, during these New Year holidays, I was once thinking about the audience of my blog: “Who is he? Who is the visitor to my blog that comes to read my posts every day?” Maybe this savvy specialist came in out of curiosity to read what I scribbled here? Or maybe it was some doctor of radio engineering who came in to see how to solder a multivibrator circuit? 🙂

You know, all this is unlikely, because for an experienced specialist all this is already a passed stage and most likely everything is no longer so interesting and they themselves have a mustache. They may be interested only out of idle curiosity, of course I am very pleased and I welcome everyone with open arms.

So I came to the conclusion that the main contingent of my blog and most amateur radio sites are beginners and amateurs scouring the Internet in search of useful information. So why the hell do I have so little of it? Will be sick soon so do not miss!

I remember myself when I was looking on the Internet for some simple scheme to start with, but something always didn’t fit, something seemed abstruse. I lacked the basics, such that I could begin to understand the topic that interested me, from simple to complex.

By the way, the first book that really helped me, from reading which understanding really began to come, was the book “The Art of Circuit Design” by P. Horowitz, W. Hill. I wrote about it in, where you can download the book. So, if you are a beginner, be sure to download it and let it become your reference book.

What is voltage and current?

By the way, what exactly are electric current and voltage? I think that no one really knows, because to know it you have to at least see it. Who can see the current running through the wires?

Yes, no one, humanity has not yet achieved such technologies to personally observe the movements of electric charges. All that we see in textbooks and scientific works is some kind of abstraction created as a result of numerous observations.

Well, okay, we can talk a lot about this... So let's try to figure out what electric current and voltage are. I will not write definitions; definitions do not give the very understanding of the essence. If interested, take any physics textbook.

Since we do not see the electric current and all the processes occurring in the conductor, then we will try to create an analogy.

And traditionally, the electric current flowing in a conductor is compared to water running through pipes. In our analogy, water is an electric current. Water runs through the pipes at a certain speed, the speed is the current strength, measured in amperes. Well, pipes are a conductor in themselves.

Okay, we imagined electric current, but what is voltage? Let's help now.

The water in the pipe, in the absence of any forces (gravity, pressure), will not flow; it will rest like any other liquid poured onto the floor. So this force, or more precisely, energy in our plumbing analogy, will be the same tension.

But what happens to the water running from a reservoir located high above the ground? Water rushes in a stormy stream from the reservoir to the surface of the earth, driven by gravitational forces. And the higher the reservoir is located from the ground, the faster the water flows out of the hose. Do you understand what I'm talking about?

The higher the tank, the greater the force (read voltage) acting on the water. And the greater the speed of the water flow (read current strength). Now it becomes clear and a colorful picture begins to form in my head.

Concept of potential, potential difference

Closely related to the concept of electric current voltage is the concept of “potential”, or “potential difference”. Okay, let's go back to our plumbing analogy.

Our tank is located on a hill, which allows water to flow down the pipe freely. Since the water tank is at a height, the potential of this point will be higher or more positive than that at ground level. Do you see what happens?

We now have two points with different potentials, or rather different potential values.

It turns out that in order for electric current to flow through a wire, the potentials must not be equal. Current runs from a point with a higher potential to a point with a lower potential.

Remember this expression that current runs from plus to minus. So this is all the same. Plus is a more positive potential and minus is more negative.

By the way, do you want a question for backfilling? What will happen to the current if the potentials change places periodically?

Then we will observe how the electric current changes its direction to the opposite each time the potentials change. This will turn out to be alternating current. But we won’t consider it for now, so that a clear understanding of the processes can form in our heads.

Voltage measurement

To measure voltage, a voltmeter is used, although multimeters are now the most popular. A multimeter is a combined device that contains a lot of things. I wrote about it and told how to use it.

A voltmeter is just a device that measures the potential difference between two points. The voltage (potential difference) at any point in the circuit is usually measured relative to ZERO or GROUND or MASS or MINUS of the battery. It doesn’t matter, the main thing is that it should be the point with the lowest potential in the entire circuit.

So to measure the DC voltage between two points, we do the following. The black (negative) probe of the voltmeter is stuck into the point where we can presumably observe a point with a lower potential (ZERO). We stick the red probe (positive) into the point whose potential is interesting to us.

And the result of the measurement will be the numerical value of the potential difference, or in other words, voltage.

Current measurement

Unlike voltage, which is measured at two points, current is measured at one point. Since the current strength (or they simply say current), according to our analogy, is the speed of water flow, this speed needs to be measured at only one point.

We need to cut the water pipe and insert a meter into the gap that will count liters and minutes. Something like this.

Similarly, if we return to the real world of our electrical model, we get the same thing. To measure the amount of electric current, we need to connect a simple device - an ammeter - to the open circuit of the electrical circuit. An ammeter is also included in the multimeter. You can also read at.

The multimeter probes need to be switched to current measurement mode. Then we cut our conductor and connect the pieces of wire to the multimeter and voila - the current value will be shown on the multimeter screen.

Well, dear friends, I think we didn’t waste our time. Having become familiar with our plumbing models, a puzzle began to take shape in my head and an understanding began to form.

Well, let's try to check it using Ohm's law.

I - current measured in Amperes (A);

U-voltage measured in Volts (V);

R-resistance measured in Ohms (Ohm)

Ohm told us that electric current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.

I didn’t talk about resistance today, but I think you understand. The resistance to electric current is the material of the conductor. In our plumbing system, resistance to the flow of water is provided by rusty pipes clogged with rust and other things. 🙂

Thus, Ohm's law works in all its glory, both for the plumbing system and for the electrical one. Maybe I should go into plumbing, there are a lot of similarities. 🙂

The higher the water tank is raised, the faster the water will flow through the pipes. But if the pipes are dirty, the speed will be lower. The greater the resistance to water, the slower it will flow. If there is a blockage, then the water may rise altogether.

Well, for electricity. The magnitude of the current depends directly on the voltage (potential difference), and inversely depends on the resistance.

The higher the voltage, the greater the current, but the greater the resistance, the less the current. The voltage may be very high, but the current may not flow due to an open circuit. And a break is the same as if, instead of a metal conductor, we connected a conductor made of air, and the air simply has a gigantic resistance. This is where the current stops.

Well, dear friends, now it’s time to wrap things up, it seems like I’ve said everything I wanted to say in this article. If you have any questions, ask in the comments. There will be more to come, I plan to write a series of training materials, so do not miss…

I wish you good luck, success and see you again!

With n/a Vladimir Vasiliev.

P.S. Friends, be sure to subscribe to updates! By subscribing, you will receive new materials directly to your email! And by the way, everyone who signs up will receive a useful gift!

Constructor ZNATOK 320-Znat “320 schemes” is a tool that will allow you to gain knowledge in the field of electronics and electrical engineering and also gain an understanding of the processes occurring in conductors.

The designer is a set of full-fledged radio components with special a design that allows their installation without the help of a soldering iron. Radio components are mounted on a special board - a base, which ultimately makes it possible to obtain fully functional radio structures.

Using this constructor, you can assemble up to 320 different circuits, for the construction of which there is a detailed and colorful manual. And if you connect your imagination to this creative process, you can get countless different radio designs and learn to analyze their work. I think this experience is very important and for many it can be invaluable.

Here are some examples of what you can do with this constructor:

Flying propeller;
A lamp turned on by clapping your hands or a stream of air;
Controllable sounds of star wars, fire truck or ambulance;
Musical fan;
Electric light gun;
Learning Morse code;
Lie detector;
Automatic street lamp;
Megaphone;
Radio station;
Electronic metronome;
Radio receivers, including FM range;
A device that reminds you of the onset of darkness or dawn;
Alarm that the baby is wet;
Security alarm;
Musical door lock;
Lamps in parallel and series connection;
Resistor as a current limiter;
Charge and discharge of a capacitor;
Electrical conductivity tester;
Transistor amplification effect;
Darlington circuit.

P.S. We have a kind of redneck meter here - the greedy one will not notice the social button, but the generous one will share it with friends. 🙂

A super quick experiment that will delight both children and adults. Learn about the conductive properties of graphite and make your LED sparkle.

We have already addressed unusual ways of lighting an LED using vegetables. Here's another one.

Experience with electricity and a simple pencil

Graphite is an electrical conductor and we have seen this from our own experience. Why does this happen? Here is the answer from the textbook, but it will be a little complicated.

In a graphite molecule in carbon atoms, 3 electrons participate in the formation of hybrid orbitals, and one electron remains unhybridized, due to which graphite conducts electric current.

Chemistry textbook for grade 11 (O.S. Gabrielyan, 2002),

Our LED was shining dimly, then we received advice from dad that we need to make the lines shorter to reduce resistance. And indeed, by drawing a simple circle with breaks, we got a brighter glow. But with a typewriter it’s more interesting.

The success of the experiment largely depends on the thickness and length of the line, as well as on the amount of graphite.

At 2-3 years old, a little man begins a period when he is interested in everything. What is it, why, how does it work, why is it this way and not something else, how is it used, what is useful or harmful - a million questions a day are guaranteed to dad and mom. Moreover, the sphere of interests of the “why” is extensive: he is concerned with both mundane topics (like this, or) and sublime ones (,). And questions about electricity are also natural. What is current, where does it come from and where does it go when we flip the switch? Why does the light bulb glow from electricity and the TV work? How do daddy's or his work without a wire to an outlet? Why is the current so dangerous that parents forbid even approaching this outlet? The options are endless! Of course, you can brush them off, saying that the child is too young to understand this topic (from the point of view of science, electricity is such a complex concept that you can talk about it no earlier than 12-14 years old). But this approach is wrong. Moreover, from the point of view of both education and safety. Even if the baby does not understand the physics of the process, he is quite capable of knowing the essence of electric current and treating it with due respect.

Electricity: bees or electrons?

Demonstrate electric current with examples

Teach how to handle electricity carefully!

To learn how to handle electricity, pay attention to these points:

you cannot turn on any electrical appliances in the house without the permission of adults; they must know that the baby turns on and off the TV or other large electrical appliance;

It is unacceptable to disassemble electrical appliances, even if they are unplugged from the outlet or the child thinks that some part needs to be replaced - for example, a burnt out light bulb;

You must immediately inform adults about any problem with an electrical appliance: if it stops working, if it starts to smell unpleasant, smoke or spark, if its body breaks or the wire breaks;

on the street you cannot approach broken wires hanging from a pole or protruding from the ground, much less touch them; it is forbidden to open the doors of transformer booths and electrical panels;

A child’s level of curiosity is usually off the charts in all respects, but studying some phenomena can be extremely dangerous. Such knowledge includes understanding such a harmless thing as electric current.

How to explain to a little kid what it is and how his exploration of the world around him might end?

What is electric current: options for explaining to a child

Options for explanations depend on the parent’s imagination and the child’s meticulousness. The most basic way is to tell your child that in all the sockets and wires lives a strict Uncle Tok, who really doesn’t like being disturbed by little children and can hit them painfully.

Parents who want to not only forbid their child to go where it is not necessary, but also explain why this should not be done, can talk about the fact that in all wires, sockets and electrical appliances there are many small balls - electrons. As long as we don't use electricity, the balls bounce in place. But as soon as we turn on the light, the TV, the iron, the balls begin to run quickly. And if they get in the way of a child’s hand or a mother’s finger, the balls don’t like it. They continue to run forward, pierce the arm and fingers, and it is very painful. Instead of balls, you can use the analogy of bees, which can sting painfully. True, not every child will understand why bees are bad, because... most likely have not encountered their bites.

Cartoons will also help parents, for example, “Advice from Aunt Owl” or “The Fixies,” which tell about electric current and electrical appliances in a simple and accessible form.

Experiments with electric current for children

There is no need to say that any experiments involving electricity should be carried out under the close supervision of adults. Here are a few experiments that will clearly demonstrate to your child what electric current is:

Take a 9V battery (called a coin cell) and have your child place it on the tip of his tongue. Explain to him that the slight burning sensation on the tongue is the small balls that ran, and they did not like that they were prevented from running. There are only a few balls in a small battery, so they beat just a little. And there are many more such balls in sockets and wires, so they will hit much more painfully.
A very clear demonstration is obtained using a 12 V light bulb. Plug it into a regular electrical network. Naturally, it will burn out instantly, and very significantly - with a sharp bang, and black spots will remain on the inner surface of the flask. Explain to the child that the balls were very angry because they were forced to work in vain, so they ruined the light bulb.
Take a plastic stick, rub it on a piece of wool or hair, and then apply it to the pieces of paper. Explain to your child that the paper sticks to the stick because the balls jump out, grab the paper and don’t let go. But if you touch the stick with your hand, the balls will get angry because they do not have the strength to hold your hand, and they will push it away painfully.
For older children, you can demonstrate how electricity is made. To do this, take a battery-powered flashlight or a small lamp. As a battery, use a lemon or a potato tuber, into which insert two wires - one copper, the other galvanized. Carefully connect the ends of the wire to the contacts of a flashlight or light bulb - they should light up. Particularly advanced parents can connect several tubers in series to obtain a higher output voltage. For a child, such a sight causes great delight.

Also, if you have the means at hand, construct a simple dynamo for your child and show him that the light comes on only when you turn the handle, and as soon as you stop, the light goes out. At a minimum, you are guaranteed a short respite and silence in the house after the demonstration of such a miracle of technology.

Tell your child, but don’t make a mistake yourself

You should be aware that even after your explanations, the child will want to see for himself how painfully bees can sting from a rosette. Therefore, take all electrical precautions. Here are the simplest and most effective recommendations:

All sockets must be specially protected against child intervention.
If possible, avoid using extension cords; children love to explore them.
Do not use faulty electrical appliances or loose sockets.
Try not to leave your baby alone in a room with electrical appliances turned on.
Punish your child for plugging electrical appliances into an outlet without authorization.

Also, be sure to teach your child that if smoke, crackling noises, sparks or other signs of faulty electrical wiring or electrical appliances appear, he should immediately call his parents for help and under no circumstances should he go there himself. We wish you success!

10.05.2016 15:50

How to teach children about electric current? This question often arises among parents who want to satisfy the curiosity of their children and not overload them with terms.

The other day I was interviewed for the position of editor of a children's magazine. So there they also gave us a task - to figure out how to tell the kids about electric current.

I decided to approach this task from different angles:

1. Poem.

3. Sketch of a spread (with prose and poem)

4. There was an idea to make another video, but, unfortunately, the equipment failed (the microphone failed. Now I present these masterpieces to the readers of the “Bunny Site”, maybe thanks to this they will tell their children about electric current.

The poem deliberately uses different styles of versification in order to show versatile approaches.

Electricity

What is current?
Buddy,
It's like a river flow
But he runs along the wires -
Gives us light and joy.

Wires - conductors
Electric river.
Know that current flows in a circle
In an electrical circuit.

Once you open that chain -
The current will stop its path.

There are microparticles in the wires,
They're called electrons
All you have to do is charge
And they run, flow.

And from this we have
Everything works immediately:

Light bulbs, appliances,
All toys have motors,
Mom's washing machine
And dad's Internet.
There are lanterns on the street,
On TV - “Smeshariki”...
Thanks to the electronics
For so many years of service.

You may ask who charges them.
I will support your interest.
Batteries help
Start a process in the chain.
Only in small devices
Both in shape and weight.
For everything else
Build thermal power plants, nuclear power plants and hydroelectric power stations

The current is invisible, weightless
Light and joy - in every home
But everyone shouldn't forget
That you can't play with him AT ALL!

It's very dangerous
For sons and daughters...

Electricity- this is a thing that is somewhat similar to the flow of a river. The current also flows in a powerful stream in one direction. Only current flows through the wires and inside these wires there are not fish swimming, but microparticles (electrons), which come with the signs “+” and “-”; they are also called positively charged and negatively charged. And electric current is precisely the movement of these charged particles. Yes, it's all about the charge. The source of charge for small devices and toys are batteries, which make electrons wake up and run; without charge, electrons will not want to move anywhere, but will randomly stagnate in place. But in order for light bulbs to shine, televisions, refrigerators and washing machines to work, batteries will not help, their charge strength is too low. For these purposes, people have built huge power plants; it is from them that the electric current flows into our sockets and switches.
Electric current necessarily flows through two wires: from the source to the device along one wire, and back through another wire. This creates a closed electrical circuit. It is very simple to stop this flow; for example, you just press the switch button or unplug the device from the socket and the circuit opens. Electrical current will stop flowing into the device, and the device will stop working until the next time it is turned on.

In everyday life, we often come across the concept of “electricity”. What is electricity, have people always known about it?

It is almost impossible to imagine our modern life without electricity. Tell me, how can you do without lighting and heat, without an electric motor and a telephone, without a computer and a TV? Electricity has penetrated so deeply into our lives that we sometimes don’t even think about what kind of wizard it is that helps us in our work.

This wizard is electricity. What is the essence of electricity? The essence of electricity comes down to the fact that a stream of charged particles moves along a conductor (a conductor is a substance capable of conducting electric current) in a closed circuit from a current source to a consumer. While moving, the flow of particles performs certain work.

This phenomenon is called " electricity" The strength of electric current can be measured. The unit of current measurement - Ampere, got its name in honor of the French scientist who was the first to study the properties of current. The name of the physicist is Andre Ampere.

The discovery of electric current and other innovations associated with it can be attributed to the period: the end of the nineteenth - the beginning of the twentieth century. But people observed the first electrical phenomena back in the fifth century BC. They noticed that a piece of amber rubbed with fur or wool attracts light bodies, such as dust particles. The ancient Greeks even learned to use this phenomenon to remove dust from expensive clothes. They also noticed that if you comb dry hair with an amber comb, it stands up, pushing away from each other.

Let's return once again to the definition of electric current. Current is the directed movement of charged particles. If we are dealing with metal, then the charged particles are electrons. The word "amber" in Greek is electron.

Thus, we understand that the well-known concept of “electricity” has ancient roots.

Electricity is our friend. It helps us in everything. In the morning we turn on the light and electric kettle. We heat the food in the microwave. We use the elevator. We are riding on a tram, talking on a cell phone. We work in industrial enterprises, in banks and hospitals, in the fields and in workshops, we study at school, where it is warm and light. And electricity “works” everywhere.

Like many things in our lives, electricity has not only a positive, but also a negative side. Electric current, like an invisible wizard, cannot be seen or smelled. The presence or absence of current can only be determined using instruments and measuring equipment. The first case of fatal electric shock was described in 1862. The tragedy occurred when a person came into unintentional contact with live parts. Subsequently, many cases of electric shock occurred.

Electricity! Attention, electricity!

This story about electricity is for children. But, in itself, electricity is far from a childish concept. Therefore, in this story I would like to address mothers and fathers, grandparents.

Dear adults! When talking about electricity to children, do not forget to emphasize that current is invisible, and therefore especially insidious. What should adults and children not do? Do not touch with your hands or come close to wires and electrical systems. Do not stop to rest near power lines or substations, do not light fires, or launch flying toys. A wire lying on the ground can be deadly. Electrical sockets, if there is a small child in the house, are the object of special control.

The main requirement for adults is not only to follow safety rules themselves, but also to constantly inform children about how insidious electric current can be.

Conclusion

Physicists “gave access” to electricity to humanity. For the sake of the future, scientists went through hardships, spent fortunes in order to make great discoveries and give the results of their work to people.

Let us be careful about the work of physicists, about electricity, and we will remember the danger that it potentially carries.

You can watch a fable about electricity

As a rule, it can surround our little fidgets everywhere: both at home and in kindergartens, even in some kind of toy, perhaps, everyday nature works through, today it is impossible to imagine our life without electricity. Therefore, the child’s interest in this topic is understandable. This article contains a story about electricity for children.

How to explain electricity to a child

At the age of 2 or 3, little people become interested in exploring the world around them from all sides, in all colors. Children ask a lot of questions on completely different topics - what, why, why and where, how does it work, and so on? Naturally, questions about how electricity works are also very natural. Where did it come from and where does it usually disappear when we turn on or off the light, for example.

And questions about electric current will also not be left aside. Where does the current come from and where does it go when the switch is clicked? How does mom's tablet work wirelessly? There are so many options, it’s impossible to count them all!

A fairy tale about electricity for children

When talking with a little person, have a preventive conversation about what electricity is, in a playful way. Try to invent a story that it is as if invisible ants live in the wires, and when the electrical object is turned off, the insects sleep. But as soon as you connect the device to the outlet, the little hard workers wake up and run back and forth along the wires! And from such actions, energy appears that lights up light bulbs and allows electrical appliances to work.

And here it is necessary to focus on the fact that ants work for the benefit of humans, but they can also be offended if they are treated carelessly. It can be very painful to bite a finger. And therefore, you should not stick your fingers into sockets or disassemble electrical appliances, or touch the exposed wire of various objects.

A story about electricity for children

If you don’t like the playful method, you can talk to your child about a serious topic: there are small particles inside the wire - electrons. In the standard state, they can be in one place and do nothing. But as soon as we turn on the devices, our microparticles begin to run along the wires at high speed. This way electricity is generated.

Tell your child that he can get a blow like this, a real one, because there are a huge number of microparticles and they fly at high speed along the wire, and therefore you should not block their path, so as not to cry from pain in your fingers that are stuck in the socket. Let the microparticles better spend energy on light, and not on the baby’s offense and bad mood!

It is important to remember that your goal is not to scare the child. There may be a risk of developing a fear of electricity in a fidget. He will be afraid to use electrical appliances in everyday life. The right thing to do is simply teach children to be careful with electricity.

Electricity is not a toy for children!

There is no need to turn on electrical items if parents are not around. You cannot disassemble appliances, even if they are not connected to sockets and the child thinks that some part needs to be changed, for example, a lamp in a lamp. As soon as you smell something burning, or something is smoking or sparkling, you must tell an adult nearby.

Also, you should not put electrical appliances in water, as it is an excellent conductor of current. On the street you need to behave correctly, you cannot touch wires that hang on street lamp posts or if they stick out from the ground, and under no circumstances should you go into a transformer box or open electrical panels.

For the safety of children, do not forget to use various gadgets against electric shocks, for example, purchase plugs for sockets, or special fastenings for the cable, which is very important!

Do your children already know about the benefits and dangers of electric current?

Watch the cartoon below about safe behavior.

Electricity: bees or electrons?

Demonstrate electric current with examples

Teach how to handle electricity carefully!

To learn how to handle electricity, pay attention to these points:

you cannot turn on any electrical appliances in the house without the permission of adults; they must know that the baby turns on and off the TV or other large electrical appliance;

It is unacceptable to disassemble electrical appliances, even if they are unplugged from the outlet or the child thinks that some part needs to be replaced - for example, a burnt-out light bulb;

You must immediately inform adults about any problem with an electrical appliance: if it stops working, if it starts to smell unpleasant, smoke or spark, if its body breaks or the wire breaks;

on the street you cannot approach broken wires hanging from a pole or protruding from the ground, much less touch them; it is forbidden to open the doors of transformer booths and electrical panels;

Does your child already know about the benefits and dangers of electricity?

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Conclusion

How to explain electricity to a child

A fairy tale about electricity for children

A story about electricity for children

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