One of the first questions that arises when you think about building a house is what will it be like? After all, you want the house to be not only beautiful, but also cozy and comfortable to live in.

Most likely, you will first try to draw your “ideal layout” yourself. But I’m more than sure that you will very quickly encounter a number of difficulties - how to “shove in what can’t be squeezed in”, how to arrange windows, doors... to make everything so that it is comfortable and beautiful and nothing superfluous.

It is no coincidence that people study to become architects and designers. Everything is not as simple as it seems. Therefore, in my opinion, the best way is to search for a “donor”, ​​a ready-made house project that best suits your desires and requirements.

You will type in Yandex or Google something like “ready-made projects” or “standard projects” and will consider many domestic projects. Perhaps you will find something, or perhaps you will be disappointed.

Why are Scandinavian projects better than Russian ones?

In short, Scandinavian houses are much more thoughtful, rational and comfortable to live in than the vast majority of domestic ones.

Russian projects are very specific. We do not have much experience in designing private houses. Village houses were always built “with your own mind,” without “conveniences” and other bourgeois excesses, and professional designers and architects were taught to build large buildings and apartment buildings.

Hence the specificity of domestic projects - the emphasis is on a catchy appearance, despite the fact that the internal layouts are often not thought out and are made according to an “apartment” model, which does not take into account the specifics of a country house and living in it.

The space is not used efficiently, there are no extremely useful (and often necessary) utility rooms, etc. But there are many useless halls and corridors. Which waste the space you will pay for during construction.

But behind spectacular facades this is often not noticeable. Understanding comes later, when the house is built, the money is spent, and you understand what should have been done differently.

Once I came across a project for a house of 250 square meters, of which, upon closer examination, about 100 square meters were halls and corridors. That is, in fact, wasted space. But if you take a more rational approach to the use of space, then instead of a house on 250 m2, it would be quite possible to build a house on 180 - with the same set and area of ​​premises that carry some useful function. But in order to make the planning rational, you need to really strain your brain. It is much easier to increase the area and insert a couple of corridors. After all, it is not the designer who will pay for these square meters during construction.

Therefore, in my opinion, it would be more correct to turn to foreign experience. And first of all to the experience of northern Europe and Scandinavia.

Why them?

Because in these countries they know how to count money, they love comfort, but at the same time they do not like to spend too much. The layouts of Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish houses are extremely well thought out. And the climate and related features of the houses are closer to ours than, say, Spanish or Polish houses

All space is used very rationally. Appearance, layout - everything is balanced.

Can I make my own changes to the Scandinavian project?

It is possible, but very carefully. I repeat, most Scandinavian projects have already been thought out to the smallest detail. Therefore, an attempt to independently “redevelop” or change one thing to another may lead to you ending up with a completely different house. And it’s not a fact that it will be as comfortable and beautiful as in the original picture.

Therefore, ideally, you need to look for a project that suits you with minimal changes. Or be very aware of what you are doing and how it will look in reality.

Let me give you a small example. Below is a photo of the “donor” and its implementation with some façade changes.

It would seem like nothing at all. The windows without glazing, the façade board cladding was replaced with siding, the wide white decorative elements were removed, and the porch was slightly reduced in size. It seems like a small thing. But in the end it turned out to be a different house. Not bad - but just different. Not the same as in the picture.

Where can I find a project for a Finnish or Scandinavian house?

There are only two options

Option one - find it in Scandinavia

In Finland and Scandinavia, standard construction is very common, which is carried out by both small firms and large concerns. Such companies usually have catalogs of manufactured houses.

Actually, your task is to study the websites of these companies, see what they offer and choose a Scandinavian or Finnish house project for subsequent implementation. Although, to be honest, this cannot be called a project. Rather, it is the appearance and layout from which you can build. Since buying a ready-made project with all the documentation abroad is quite problematic. But having sketches in hand - the layout and appearance of the house, you can already make a “replica” of this house.

Not all sites have a Russian or English version. Moreover, this version may be “shortened”, so for completeness of information, it is better to look at the original site.

To make it easier to navigate sites, you can use Google's automatic translator (translate.google.com) - just enter the site address in the translation field.

Or use the tips given below in the text.

Option two - search on the Finnish House

We have been working towards this for a long time and have finally made our catalog of Scandinavian and Finnish house designs. Faced with the need to search for a suitable project on several dozen foreign sites, which were also constantly changing, we gradually began to drag projects from Scandinavian sites to ours. And now there are more than 2,500 Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish houses on the Finnish House, with a convenient search according to the main criteria. By the way, when viewing a project in our catalog, pay attention to the “description” tab, there is useful information and a link to the original project.

• projects of Finnish houses with a sauna - and what is a Finnish house without a sauna?
• projects of Finnish houses with a garage - after creating the catalog, I was surprised to find that the Finns have quite a lot of such projects
• projects of Finnish houses up to 100 m2 - small houses have their own charm, except for one thing, they turn out to be expensive to build
• projects of Finnish houses made of laminated veneer lumber - by the way, such a house can always be made in a frame version 😉

If you haven’t found your option, try searching in the catalog itself using the search form in the sidebar.

If you like to work with primary sources, below you will find links to Finnish and Scandinavian sites that served as a source of projects for our catalog.

Finnish house projects

Everything related to houses has a root in Finnish talo- which is noticeable even from the names of the companies. For example, Omatalo is one of the largest concerns in Finland and Scandinavia.

Accordingly, on websites, look for sections related to talo in one way or another - usually the directory is hidden under the word talot (houses), talomallistomme, talopaketit, etc. as well as mallistot (collections). Hints: kerros - number of floors, Huoneistoala - living area, Kerrosala - total area.

And it doesn’t matter whether the company builds houses from laminated veneer lumber or frame houses; any project can be adapted to frame technology.

Company	Catalog
http://www.alvsbytalo.fi	http://www.alvsbytalo.fi/talomallistomme
http://www.jukkatalo.fi
http://www.kannustalo.fi	http://www.kannustalo.fi/mallistot/index.html
http://www.jamera.fi	http://www.jamera.fi/fi/talomallistot/ Also read my
http://www.samitalo.fi	http://www.samitalo.fi/fi/mallistot/sami-talo/
http://www.kastelli.fi/	http://www.kastelli.fi/Talot/
http://www.kreivitalo.fi	http://www.kreivitalo.fi/talomallit/nordland
http://www.finnlamelli.fi	http://www.finnlamelli.fi/ rus/models
http://www.omatalo.com/	http://www.omatalo.com/talot/
http://www.herrala.fi/	http://www.herrala.fi/ talomallisto
http://www.jetta-talo.fi	http://www.jetta-talo.fi/talomallisto.html
http://www.passivitalo.com	http://www.passiivitalo.com/eliitti/omakotalo.html
http://www.aatelitalo.fi	http://www.aatelitalo.fi/aatelitalon+talomallit/
http://www.designtalo.fi/	http://www.designtalo.fi/fi/talopaketit/
http://www.kontio.fi/	http://www.kontio.fi/fin/ Hirsitalot.627.html http://www.kontio.fi/fin/ Hirsihuvilat.628.html
http://www.lapponiarus.ru/	http://www.lapponiarus.ru/ catalog.html
http://www.lappli.fi	http://www.lappli.fi/fi/talomallistot
http://www.jmturku.com	http://www.jmturku.com/index_tiedostot/Page668.htm
http://www.sievitalo.fi	http://www.sievitalo.fi/trenditalomallisto/
http://www.hartmankoti.fi	http://hartmankoti.fi/talomallisto/
http://kilpitalot.fi	http://kilpitalot.fi/talomallisto/
http://www.mittavakoti.fi	http://www.mittavakoti.fi/mallisto/talomallisto.html
http://www.planiatalo.fi	http://www.planiatalo.fi/fi/mallistot/
http://www.mammuttihirsi.fi	http://www.mammuttikoti.fi/talomallisto/mallisto.html
http://honkatalot.ru	http://lumipolar.ru/mallistot
http://www.kuusamohirsitalot.fi	http://www.kuusamohirsitalot.fi/fi/mallisto/mallihaku.html
http://www.kodikas.fi	http://www.kodikas.fi/puutalot#lisatiedot2
http://www.dekotalo.fi	http://www.dekotalo.fi/mallisto/1-kerros/
http://polarhouse.com	http://polarhouse.com/mokit-huvilat/
http://www.callatalo.fi	http://www.callatalo.fi/talomallisto.html
http://www.simonselement.fi	http://www.simonselement.fi/models.php?type=1&cat=1

Hints - husen (house) planritningar (layout), Vära hus (choose a house)

Company	Catalog
http://www.a-hus.se/	http://www.a-hus.se/vara-hus
http://www.polarhouse.com/	http://www.polarhouse.com/fi/mallistot/
http://www.vallsjohus.se/	http://www.vallsjohus.se/? page_id=36
http://www. forsgrenstimmerhus.se/	http://www. forsgrenstimmerhus.se/sv/hus# start
http://www.lbhus.se/	http://www.lbhus.se/vara-hus. php
http://hjaltevadshus.se	http://hjaltevadshus.se/hus/
http://www.st-annahus.se/	http://www.st-annahus.se/V%C3%A5rahus/1plan/tabid/2256/language/sv-SE/Default.aspx
http://www.smalandsvillan.se	http://www.smalandsvillan.se/vara-hus/sok-hus/
http://anebygruppen.se/	http://anebygruppen.se/vara-hus/
http://www.savsjotrahus.se/	http://www.savsjotrahus.se/index.php/47-arkitektritade-hus-svartvitt.html
http://www.eksjohus.se/	http://www.eksjohus.se/husmodeller
http://www.vimmerbyhus.se/	http://www.vimmerbyhus.se/vara-hus/
http://www.myresjohus.se/	http://www.myresjohus.se/vara-hus/sok-hus/
http://www.gotenehus.se/	http://www.gotenehus.se/hus
http://www.hudikhus.se/	http://www.hudikhus.se/vara-hus

Norwegian house projects

A distinctive feature of most Finnish cities is that they look
not tall. Multi-storey buildings stretching to the sky, especially in residential areas, here
A little. Apartment buildings are often three-story.
There is simply no great need for tall buildings, because, per inhabitant,
There is more than enough land in Finland. In this regard, the Finns, unlike, say,
from the Germans, they live freely.
This is probably why people here traditionally gravitate towards individual houses and...
called “rivitalo”, which are complexes consisting of several
dwellings with a separate entrance from the street and their own land plot.
“Rivitalo” and an individual house are very close to each other in terms of the nature of living in them.
to a friend.
Currently, more than half live in individual houses and in rivitalo
population of the country.
It is the individual home that has always been Finland’s pride and joy.
owners and an object of dreams for those people who have never had such a home.
However, recently the priorities of the country's residents, in terms of choosing the optimal
housing options began to change. This is confirmed by the results of the study,
conducted by one of the Finnish banks, which aimed to determine how people
imagine the house they would like to live in.
It turned out that today, as before, the most desirable type of housing is your own
own house. People living in their own home were also the most
satisfied with their place of residence. They usually don't want to change it, do they?
that they are planning to make some minor repairs.
However, the proportion of those who would like to live in their own home has decreased. Today
This option is given first place by only about 60 percent of the country's residents.
At the same time, the study allowed us to conclude that popularity and status
apartments in an apartment building have increased significantly.
Especially ardent supporters of this type of housing are residents of large
cities. Less common among them are those who like to live in their own home.
Also, youth and people of relatively young age, for the most part,
do not strive to become owners of an individual home.
Work activity today seems more intense and mobile than
before. It is almost always associated with haste, travel and displacement.
In such an environment, people want to spend their free time focusing on
issues other than caring for the house and garden.
Some experts believe that the beginning of a change in priorities in views on
housing will lead to the fact that the ideal home will be a high-quality apartment in
apartment building or a modernly equipped “rivitalo”.
The fact that priorities are changing is also evidenced by the growing popularity of apartments in
apartment building among families with children, although the desire to live in individual
among such families is still quite high.
But the popularity of apartments in multi-storey buildings is especially high among those who live
one. On average, three out of five single people live in apartments.
Among the entire Finnish population, there are many who consider the most ideal
type of housing - your own house, located near the water and at the same time in the center
cities.
When characterizing an ideal home as the people of Finland see it, it is important
note this remarkable point: for the most part, Finns want to be
owners of the home in which they live today.
We can say that many of the country's residents have already achieved what they wanted.
The study found that approximately a quarter of the Finnish population already lives in a house
of your dreams.
A significant portion of respondents, 39 percent to be exact, are separated from achieving
ideal only minor repairs. This suggests that achieving dreams is not possible for many.

associated with relocation. Cosmetic repairs, equipment upgrades and others
improvements are today sufficient to achieve
transforming an apartment or house into an ideal place to live.
Such transformations began to occur especially widely after more
two years ago, the government removed many bureaucratic obstacles,
complicating the production of housing repairs.
As for the size of living space, the majority of the country's residents are satisfied
square of your house or apartment. We would only like to increase the living space
twenty percent of the population.
Many people would also like to update and expand the bathroom, renovate the kitchen, and
refurbish pantries and other storage areas for household goods
In conclusion, some statistics:
Of the entire population of Finland
44% live in apartments in multi-storey buildings
40% - in your own home
14% - in "Rivitalo"
Housing tenure form
57% own a house or apartment
31% rent living space
2% part-own their home
Editorial

The structure of the walls of houses built using this technology includes quite a few layers of different materials.

The first step in construction when using Finnish technology for constructing wooden houses is, of course, installation of the frame, which is carried out according to a pre-developed plan or project.

The frame structure is assembled from boards. From the outside, the finished frame structure is covered with plywood with an antiseptic and anti-rot coating, or with OSB boards.

Next, a film (membrane) is stretched over the frame structure - it prevents vaporization. This material prevents water from entering a wooden house and protects against blowing. The membrane can also allow vapors emanating from the interior to pass through itself into the surrounding atmosphere.

For the frame, the most technologically advanced would be to use a thermal profile.

After the frame has been covered with film in accordance with Finnish house building technology, finishing with material for further decoration of the house takes place. At the same time, you can choose any finishing materials - fortunately, they are presented in a wide range on the market.

So, usually for buildings built according to Finnish technology, the finishing is made of brick, siding, or special plaster is used. It is worth noting that glass-magnesium sheets - sml - can be used as the main material for finishing the inside of a wooden house.

Naturally, the frame inside a wooden house is empty - so, it needs to be filled with insulation. In this case, basalt wool or expanded polystyrene are used. Or it could be mineral wool.

Next, a film is stretched over the frame structure, which serves as a vapor barrier. Then drywall is nailed to the frame from the inside - and plaster is applied to it.

Both ecowool and foam glass can be used as insulation materials.

So, if we turn to foreign experience, Finnish house construction technology is used to build houses up to 5 floors high. In the Russian Federation, based on fire safety, the construction of houses with relatively large storeys is prohibited.

Therefore, wooden houses, cottages, as well as buildings built in Russia using Finnish technology, have a maximum height of 2 floors.

The main pros and cons of Finnish houses

Step-by-step construction of a Finnish house.

The Finnish house is a one-story structure that has a symmetrical gable roof. Currently, a Finnish house is a fairly widespread type of cottage.

Instructions

1 A Finnish house is most often built from laminated veneer lumber. This building material is made from selected wood. High-quality timber will retain all the properties of solid wood for a long time. It is highly resistant to changes in humidity and biological damage.

It is worth noting its remarkable thermal insulation properties. Walls made of such material will retain heat well even in severe frosts. In summer, the house will be cool.

2 Almost all materials for the construction of a Finnish wooden house can be purchased on the construction market. At the moment, all of them are manufactured using proven technologies.

The necessary sets of parts are produced in the factory. Glued laminated timber parts have a special profile both in the connecting cups and on the surfaces.

3 When assembling parts, it is best to use a synthetic sealant. As a result, the timber can be laid perfectly straight. The wall will be practically windproof. This design reduces the possibility of rain moisture getting inside.

It should be noted that adjustment of parts when assembling the log house is not required. A structure made of laminated veneer lumber is practically resistant to natural shrinkage. The walls of such a house are not subject to cracking or deformation.

4 As a foundation for construction, it is best to use a concrete slab, which has a minimum difference in levels. You can build a house on a finished foundation in about 3-4 weeks. Materials for building a Finnish house are relatively inexpensive.

To create a home design, it is best to contact architects. They will be the ones who can make a special project. Reliable and warm, a Finnish house will delight its residents for several decades, and besides, it looks very beautiful.

Finnish double tongue technology

We bring to your attention a unique Finnish technology - “Double tongue and groove”. The uniqueness lies in the fact that “Double tongue and groove” has absorbed only the best of the two most common technologies for constructing wooden houses in Russia. This is the original Russian construction of a house from timber, with its clarity, environmental friendliness, and Canadian frame house construction with its unique thermal and non-shrink properties.

These properties are achieved thanks to the so-called two-row laying of tongue-and-groove dry planed boards in a cut, the thickness of the board is 43 mm and its width is 130 mm. This design is very strong, since all connections are made with high precision at the factory.

The board fits into the board very tightly into the locking joint and into the longitudinal profile (tenon into groove) and does not require nailing or inter-crown seals. In this way, overall spatial rigidity is formed and we get a rigid hollow structure with fairly thick and massive wooden side walls, which no longer require finishing, do not crack, and the minimum shrinkage is 0.5-1%.

Now all that remains is to lay effective insulation in the inner cavity of the wall, but with the condition that no film is used. Such insulation, in addition to low thermal conductivity, must have vapor permeability and is not afraid of moisture. Only in this case will we end up with a warm and breathable wall. Unfortunately, all these requirements can be met by a small range of insulation materials, one of which is Ecowool insulation.

Ecowool is cellulose impregnated with borax, it is an absolutely harmless insulation similar to wood, but in turn is not flammable, does not have a subsidence effect, in which various living creatures do not grow as it is a good antiseptic. This is the material we use in our walls. Using a blowing machine, high-quality blowing into the walls is carried out, which guarantees non-shrinking properties. Fig 5, Fig 6.

It is also possible to use slab insulation that is manually laid into the walls - Shetrok insulation. Shetrok is a synthetic insulation like padding polyester, its properties are more modest, but it also does not support combustion, does not emit dust, does not emit harmful substances, is not afraid of moisture, does not sag, all this also provides warmth and a high degree of environmental friendliness to the wall of our home.

And of course, it is important to say that this house is being built quite quickly; if we are talking about a turnkey house, as a rule, this is no more than 2 months. The cost is also lower in comparison with other high-quality technologies, which will allow you to compare the cost of a finished house, finished to all standards, since this is where the catch in prices is hidden.

Of course, I would like to talk about the disadvantages of this technology. This is specific to projects where you basically need to follow the wall-over-wall principle. Long walls over 3.5 m must be tied by cutting. All this, of course, affects the appearance; you must agree, it is specific, and it is economically unreasonable to decorate it differently, unlike frame houses, which can be decorated in any way you like.

When wooden houses first “came into fashion,” people built them up to the size of princely mansions. But over time, the hype passed, and houses of this type faded into the background. People began to increasingly build residential buildings from bricks and other similar materials. Finnish buildings were used exclusively as country houses or guest houses.

Now Finnish construction technology is again in demand. And the reason lies in the fact that only natural materials are used to build the house. At the same time, in terms of comfort, a finished house is in no way inferior to a brick building, for example. As a rule, it is difficult to imagine a Finnish house without a fireplace. By the way, psychologists say that if a person falls asleep by the fireplace, then his tired body recovers faster and gains strength. But that’s not about that now. A real Finnish-style house symbolizes durability, reliability and, of course, quality.

Many companies have mastered the technology of manufacturing laminated veneer lumber, which is used to build a Finnish house. This material has excellent characteristics and has a beautiful appearance. Therefore, the finished house does not need any additional finishing, which is a significant savings in money. Moreover, this significantly reduces construction time.

Today, Finnish wooden houses are the most popular position on the Russian construction market. In most cases, companies offer their customers to build houses according to ready-made standard designs. But if desired, the customer can draw up an individual project with the help of an experienced architect.

About the types of Finnish houses and their advantages

Finnish wooden houses come in a wide variety. This and:

1. One-story buildings.
2. Attic houses.
3. Two-story dwellings.
4. Buildings with a terrace, a pointed roof, a garage, a bedroom, a kitchen, a sauna and so on.

All these types have one thing in common, and it is a high degree of comfort and the style of the finished home. Thanks to this, a home built using technology invented by the Finns can compete with the most comfortable and modern apartment in a high-rise building.

Finnish houses don't just look beautiful. They are also very practical. Finnish-type technology belongs to the category of prefabricated ones. It is worth considering that the housing ultimately turns out to be highly environmentally friendly. If we consider the technology from a financial point of view, it is also economical, since it combines both thermal insulation and sound insulation. At the same time, technology is constantly improving.

There are several main and obvious advantages that Finnish house construction technology has:

About the stages of construction

The construction technology of a residential building according to the Finnish method is divided into the following stages:

You need to understand that Finnish technology involves the use of sandwich panels. As a rule, they are filled with mineral insulation inside. Due to this, the service life of the finished structure is significantly increased. As already written above, all the main elements of the house are made of laminated veneer lumber, and this material has the highest performance in terms of durability and thermal insulation. And that is why Finnish houses are now popular among customers, as well as their trust.

Video. Finns are building a frame house

Finland is known for its skillful, practical and detailed approach to organizing comfortable and aesthetic living spaces. In addition, Scandinavian frame houses are designed for harsh climates, so their construction technologies are often borrowed by domestic builders. Let's figure out what the features of popular buildings are, what are the main principles and nuances of the construction of Finnish frames.

Features of Finnish technology

The variety of approaches to frame house construction can be divided into two categories: American and Finnish. The first technology involves preparing, cutting and installing wall panels at the construction site.

According to the Scandinavian method, the main part of the structural elements is manufactured at the factory. The workshop carries out cutting, fitting of parts, and sometimes complete assembly. The finished house is installed on a foundation or assembled from individual modules on site.

In addition, Finnish technology has other features:

1. Effective thermal insulation. Particular attention is paid to the issue of insulation - the thickness of the wall pie reaches 25 cm. Natural materials play the role of a heat insulator.
2. Self-supporting roof. The roof structure is truss-truss, which gives freedom in the internal layout.
3. House siding. For lining walls, fibreboards and moisture-resistant plasterboard for facade work are mainly used.
4. Frame with crossbars. To relieve the load from window openings, vertical jumpers are installed. The insertion of the crossbar allows you to do without window headers and double top trim, inherent in American technology.

The layout of a house in Finnish is based on two main principles: rationality and comfort. Scandinavian projects are thought out to the smallest detail - space is used as efficiently as possible.

Varieties of Scandinavian buildings

The procedure for constructing frame houses using Finnish technology depends on the readiness of the factory house kit. There are three types of structures:

1. . A single block or several module-rooms with thermal insulation, facade finishing and windows are delivered to the construction site. All that remains is to install the house on the foundation, secure the roof and make cosmetic repairs inside. The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of transportation and installation.
2. high availability. At the plant, according to the project, they cut out the walls, insulate them, and perform façade and interior rough finishing. On the site, builders assemble a house from panel blocks, erect internal partitions, ceilings, install a roof and provide communications.
3. Pre-Cut Kit. Construction of a house from prefabricated parts - elements of the roof, frame, walls, ceilings are supplied disassembled. All parts are pre-fitted and numbered. Related building materials (heat and vapor insulation, facade cladding, etc.) are delivered uncut.

It is the latter method that is most popular among compatriots. Main advantages: affordable cost, possibility of self-assembly without special equipment.

Stages of construction: requirements and nuances of building a house

The entire technological process can be roughly divided into several main stages. We will describe the features of the choice of structural elements and provide a general diagram of the construction of a Finnish house.

Selecting and laying the foundation

Scandinavian frame houses are usually installed on two types of foundations:

• floors on the ground or insulated Finnish foundation - UFF;
• insulated Swedish stove - .

UVF. Made from 3-4 rows of expanded clay concrete blocks. Base dimensions: width – 20 cm, height – 60-80 cm.

UFF arrangement diagram:

1. Laying a shallow strip foundation. It is carried out around the perimeter of the house on top of a sand and gravel cushion. Tape width – 25-30 cm.
2. Waterproofing the base and constructing a plinth made of brick or foam blocks.
3. Backfilling the fenced area with gravel, insulating it with foam boards.
4. Installation of "warm floors", laying water supply and sewerage pipes.
5. Pouring with concrete screed.

USHP. Complete system, consisting of a foundation body, a drainage layer, a heat-insulating blind area and utilities. The house is mounted on a slab surface prepared for the finishing floor. Disadvantages of angle grinders: high cost of installation on slopes, low base.

When constructing a compact building, for example, bathhouses or country houses, a block or strip foundation is used.

Nuances of frame construction

The optimal base for the supporting frame is a dry planed board. An alternative, more affordable material is laminated veneer lumber. In Scandinavian technology, unlike Canadian technology, frame variability is allowed. Offers from different construction companies may differ in the implementation of individual elements and connecting points.

Large companies offer something like I-beams for racks - this solution reduces the likelihood of the formation of “cold bridges”. An interesting option is composite beams combined with low thermal conductivity material.

Usage racks with “thermal break” improves the thermal efficiency of the house, but increases the construction budget. A more economical method is to use conventional rectangular beams.

In Finnish buildings, double racks are not installed near window openings. You can refuse reinforcement, since a crossbar made of LVL timber is installed between the top trim and the window lintel. Ply veneer resists horizontal loads better than other lumber.

Exterior cladding materials

Slab finishing of the frame in American housing construction adds rigidity to the structure - continuous cladding of OSB boards is used. In Finnish technology, this approach is used extremely rarely. Three cladding methods are popular among Scandinavians:

1. Fiberboards (Fiberboard). Sheet material is inferior to OSB sheets in terms of strength, but superior to them in sound and heat insulation properties. Popular brands of fiberboard: Izoplat, Beltermo, Shteiko. Characteristics of the plates: thickness – 25 mm, thermal conductivity – 0.037 W/m*K.
2. Facade gypsum board. Gypsum fiber sheets differ from fiberboard in their more affordable cost, better strength and fire safety, but are inferior in thermal conductivity - 0.3 W/m*K. The material provides the required rigidity to the frame and at the same time acts as a wind barrier.
3. Jib and plywood. Plywood sheets with increased moisture resistance and a thickness of 10 mm are used, marked FSF. According to the technology, rigidity is achieved through slabs and jibs mounted in the corners of the house. The rest of the walls remain without sheathing - only a windproof membrane is installed.

The last option is the cheapest, but is not suitable for cold regions. With this solution, the thermal efficiency of the building deteriorates significantly.

Wall pie: insulation and insulation

In Scandinavian construction this issue is given special importance. Insulation width according to technological standards: 250 mm - walls, 300-500 mm - ceilings and attic.

Fibrous thermal insulation materials are used - mineral wool is placed in wall panels, and ecowool is used to fill horizontal surfaces of floors and insulate roofs with a gentle slope. The role of vapor barrier is assigned to special membranes or ordinary polyethylene 200 microns.

Typical "wall pie" diagram:

• facade finishing with wood;
• ventilated space;
• fibreboards or façade plasterboard;
• frame with a layer of thermal insulation;
• vapor barrier film;
• additional insulation along the horizontal sheathing;
• rough - sheets of plasterboard or lining.

External and internal finishing

Scandinavians prefer different wood materials when cladding facades. Particularly popular are linings and planks. Less commonly used is smart sidedig, a composite material based on moisture-resistant oriented strand board. The outer side of the panel is an imitation of the relief texture of wood.

Plaster, vinyl siding, thermal panels and facade bricks are rarely found in the exterior decoration of Finnish houses. These techniques are used in no more than 10% of cases.

Features of arranging a wooden facade:

1. A prerequisite is the presence of a ventilation gap.
2. The Finns do not attach the cladding hidden, but along the outside of the panel. This solution further enhances the structural rigidity of the building.
3. The cladding is usually painted in two stages. The first is priming the wood, the second is painting in 2-3 layers.

Interesting fact– before painting, the Scandinavians “fluff” the board a little. The presence of pile contributes to the formation of a thicker and more durable protective layer.

The interior design of Finnish frame houses is not much different from the American approach. Typically, walls are sheathed with gypsum board for wallpapering, painting, and wood finishing. Taking into account the characteristics of the foundation and the presence of a “warm floor” system, the first floor is tiled.

Roof technology

The floors and roof structure are based on factory-made trusses. The Finnish-built rafter system is designed in such a way that all the loads are borne by the external walls of the house. Load-bearing partitions in Scandinavian frames are rather an exception to the rule.

Attic and attic floors are also assembled from trusses of impressive size. Structurally they are made as a single element formed from the walls of the second floor, floors and rafter systems.

The dimensions and weight of the trusses do not allow the installation to be carried out independently; lifting equipment is used for the work. The rafter system for a compact country house can be assembled on site using factory blanks. The roof frame material is laminated veneer lumber.

Hard and soft materials are used for covering: different types of tiles, seam roofing, etc. A ventilation gap is created under the roofing by installing a counter-lattice made of slats or bars on top of the waterproofing film.

The roof and interfloor ceilings are insulated with mineral wool thermal insulation materials, the minimum thickness of the layer is 30 cm.

Connection of communication systems

Features of arrangement of various engineering networks:

1. Heating. The first floor is heated through warm water floors in the foundation, the second and attic floors are heated through radiators. Coolant supply from any water heating boiler.
2. Water supply. As in a traditional house, two solutions are possible: a central water supply or water supply from your own source (well, well).
3. Sewerage. Sewage pipes are laid at the stage of laying the foundation, the depth is about 0.5-1 m, the slope is 2 cm per linear meter. The diameter of the sewer pipeline is 110 mm. Septic tanks are used to drain and collect wastewater.
4. Electrics. The power supply system consists of two networks: internal and external. Supply of current from the pole through the air with mandatory grounding of the input point into the house. The internal system is a complex of sockets, switches, current consumers and a panel. The development of a current distribution circuit should be entrusted to professionals.
5. Ventilation. The best option is a supply and exhaust complex with recovery. For a country house for seasonal use, a budget solution is suitable - supply wall valves and mechanical hoods in the kitchen and bathroom.

Finnish houses are better than frame houses built using Canadian or American technology suitable for countries with cold climates. The main principles of Scandinavian housing construction: maximum energy efficiency, practicality and rational use of space.

Video: modular housing construction technology