Series of houses K-7 (the letter “K” means “frame”) - a series of multi-entrance five-story houses, designed by architect Vitaly Lagutenko, a specialist at the institute Mosproekt. Such houses were built in 1958-1966 in Moscow, and in 1959-1969 in other regions.
In the capital, K-7 houses were built in the districts of Khoroshevo-Mnevniki, Beskudnikovo, Vernadskogo Avenue, Medvedkovo, Northern Tushino, Khovrino, Zelenograd (microdistrict 1, 2, 3, 8), Degunino, Butyrsky Khutor, Sviblovo, Izmailovo, Kuzminki, Cheryomushki , st. Novatorov, st. 1905, etc. These houses were not built inside the Garden Ring.
IN Moscow region K-7 houses were built in Lyubertsy, Balashikha, Zheleznodorozhny, Elektrostal, Mytishchi district, Sergiev Posad district, Dmitrov and Dmitrov district, Dubna, Taldom district, in Klin and Klin district, Solnechnogorsk and Solnechnogorsk district, in Odintsovo district, Pushchino, Podolsk and Podolsk district, Troitsk and other settlements.
Also, houses of the K-7 series were built in Saratov, Tula, Tolyatti and Tselinograd (now Astana, Kazakhstan). In Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), houses of this design were built under the name OD, and two of them have 9 floors.
Most of the houses in this series were built with 5 floors, less often with 4 floors. The number of sections in houses of the K-7 series is 2 or more. There is no elevator in the entrances. The first modifications of the K-7 series houses did not have balconies. The garbage chute is available only in the later series (K-7-3-3 and K-7-3-5). There are three apartments on the floor (1-room, 2-room and 3-room or three 2-room).
Bathrooms in the apartments are separate, the bath is standard. The kitchen is equipped with a gas stove. Ventilation is provided by natural exhaust.
The external walls are made of suspended reinforced concrete panels insulated with foam keralite. Their thickness is 30 cm. The internal load-bearing walls are reinforced concrete beam-walls, which are a reinforced concrete I-beam with a vertical wall thickness of 40 mm, an upper flange width of 240 mm and a lower flange width of 170 mm. The living rooms of adjacent apartments are separated by two beams and channel-section walls, installed with a gap of 40 mm. The ceilings are separate, frequently ribbed reinforced concrete panels.
Load-bearing walls are internal.
Some houses are not tiled, while in others the outer walls are tiled with small square tiles in white or beige. The roof is flat, made of ribbed slabs with insulation.
Read more about redevelopment of Khrushchev buildings read the link.
House series K-7 (modification K-7-3-4) in Kuzminki
K-7(K - frame) - a series of five-story multi-section residential buildings ("Khrushchev"), created according to the design of V.P. Lagutenko, built from frame panels, when parts of the frame - columns and crossbars - are an integral part of the panel.
One of the first series of industrial housing construction, the basis of mass residential development areas of the 60s - the products of DSK No. 1 in Moscow. Also, this series (in modification K-7-2-4) was built by Dmitrovsky DSK in different cities of the Moscow region. There are many houses of this series with sloping roofs in the region. In addition to Moscow and the region, it is known that houses of this series are available in Saratov, St. Petersburg, Zapolyarny, Apatity, Kolomna, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Dmitrov, Murmansk and Astana. In the northern capital, houses of this series were built under the pseudonym “OD”, and two of them have a height of 9 floors. A distinctive feature is the absence of balconies (they were provided for by the project, for example, they were on 4-story houses of the K-7-3-3 modification in the 1st and 2nd microdistricts of Zelenograd, but in the vast majority of houses they were abandoned in favor of cheaper prices structures) and blind ends of houses. Thus, the house is a rectangular parallelepiped, without any protruding parts. The panels from which these houses were built were, in most cases, lined with white or red square unglazed tiles with a side of about 5 cm. Houses of this and similar types were popularly called “Khrushchobs.” Another feature is the protruding panel elements (columns and crossbars) in the corners of the rooms.
Basically, houses in this series were built with 1-, 2- and 3-room apartments, three apartments per floor. Ceiling height - 2.48 m (according to other sources 2.59 m). Vertical pitch - approximately 2.85 m. Horizontal pitch - 3.20 m. External walls are made of slag-ceramsite concrete blocks 400 mm thick. Internal concrete panels 270 mm thick. Partitions - gypsum concrete panels 40 mm thick. Floors - reinforced concrete panels 220 mm thick. Bathrooms in the houses of this series are separate, including in one-room apartments. The kitchens are quite decent for Khrushchev apartments - from 6.4 to 7 square meters. Studies have shown that over 40 years, the thermal insulation properties of the panels from which these houses are built have deteriorated by at least 20%.
Subsequently, a series of 16-story towers with the name K7/16 appeared, with which the city of Troitsk is largely built up; there are also a number of houses in Podolsk and Moscow, but the coincidence of the names is purely coincidental; there is practically nothing in common in their design.
Modifications
Houses with balconies
In the 1st and 2nd microdistricts of Zelenograd there were also houses of this series with 4-room apartments (for example, buildings 101-103). All such houses were demolished.
House series K-7-3-3 with balconies in the 1st microdistrict of Zelenograd (building 108) (back side)
K-7 series house without garbage chute
Houses with shops
In Moscow, houses of this series were built with a store on the 1st floor. The entire area of the first floor, except for the staircases, was allocated for the store. Instead of panel walls, there were glass display cases on the ground floor; the building rested on a frame. The height of the 1st floor was higher than typical. In 2017, there was only one such house left in Moscow 55°48′18″ n. w. 37°36′53″ E. d. HGIO
House series K-7 with a store on the ground floor, during dismantling
Video on the topic
Demolished series
The housing stock created in the first period of industrial housing construction is mainly a series of panel houses K-7, II-32, II-35, 1605-AM, 1-MG-300.
Some sources claim: “Only panel houses of the K-7 and II-32 series are subject to liquidation.”
see also
Notes
| Residential buildings |
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The first mass housing project of the Soviet period was housing of the K-7 series. These “Khrushchev buildings” became the first milestone on the path to the transition to the construction of typical industrial buildings. Houses according to the K-7 project could be built quickly and at minimal cost, which made it possible to provide separate housing for millions of people.
These houses were erected in three shifts, construction proceeded literally non-stop. This approach to construction, innovative for that time, made it possible to completely assemble a 4-section “five-story building” in just 12 working days. After that, all that remained was to complete the finishing work on the building. To ensure uninterrupted supplies of construction and related materials (mortars, electrical, plumbing equipment, roofing, carpentry materials, electrodes and nails) to K-7 construction sites, a special department (UPTC) was even formed.
For that time, such a project was a real breakthrough in architecture. However, today the houses of the K-7 series are hopelessly outdated, in particular, the heat-insulating characteristics of external panels have deteriorated by about 20% due to their wear. The low-rise nature and the inability to operate these buildings in the future without reconstruction (which was impractical) became the reasons for their massive demolition.
Design features of the series and facade finishing
The designation “K” in the name of the project means “frame”, and the components of the frame of the houses were crossbars and columns. These elements of house panels can be seen inside the apartments - they protrude from the walls in the corners of the rooms. This design made it possible to reduce the weight of the house and reduce concrete consumption through the use of thin-walled reinforced concrete panels with an I-section and a special type of floors.
A special feature of the house design is that the ceiling panels rest on the upper edges of the partitions, and the floor panels rest on the lower ones. Thus, a layer of air is created between the shields and panels, which improves the sound insulation of the interfloor ceiling.
In the K-7 houses, balconies were not provided in order to reduce the cost of construction (they were only in one of the early modifications of K-7-3-3, built in Zelenograd), the ends of the buildings were blank.
Most of the houses in the series were five-story, but there were also four-story options. The first floor of K-7 is residential, however, in the versions of this project that were built in Lefortovo and Khoroshevo-Mnevniki, this floor was sometimes allocated for infrastructure facilities. The K-7 houses were not equipped with elevator units, and there were garbage chutes in some buildings of the third modification and in all buildings of the fifth modification of this project.
The facades of K-7 were faced with small tiles in white, light gray or red. Some houses were finished on the outside with stone chips or mosaics, and some of the buildings in the series had no cladding at all.
Construction volumes under the K-7 project increased annually. Together with them, the K-7 project itself was improved, which was quite “raw” and not worked out in the first versions of the houses. Thus, the K-7 houses of the latest modifications were significantly different from the houses of the same project in the first years of construction.
Features of apartment layouts
On each floor of the section there were three apartments - 1-, 2-, 3-room. There was a modification of the K-7-3-3 project, in which 4-room apartments were made. In the first houses built according to the K-7 project, the rooms were adjacent and isolated; later the project was changed and all rooms became isolated.
The load-bearing walls of the K-7 houses are internal, which limited the possibilities of redevelopment.
The positive thing was that the bathrooms in K-7 were separate even in the one-room apartments, and the kitchens were made quite comfortable in area - about 7 m2.
Specifications
|
Parameter |
Meaning |
|---|---|
| Alternative name: |
K-7 |
| Construction regions: |
Moscow: Medvedkovo, Beskudnikovo, Northern Tushino, Khovrino, Vernadskogo Avenue, Degunino, Cheryomushki, Sviblovo, Izmailovo, Zelenograd, Kuzminki, etc.; Moscow region: Troitsk, Balashikha, Pushchino, Lyubertsy, Zheleznodorozhny, Elektrostal, Dubna, Dmitrov, Klin, Solnechnogorsk, Podolsk, etc.; Other cities: Saratov, Tula, Tolyatti |
| Construction technology: |
panel |
| By construction period: | Khrushchevka |
| Years of construction: | Moscow - from 1958 to 1966, regions - from 1959 to 1969. |
| Demolition prospect: |
Massive demolition underway |
| Number of sections/entrances: | from 2 |
| Number of floors: | 5 (less often - 4) |
| Ceiling height: |
2.5 m |
| Balconies/loggias: |
Only in one of the earlier versions (K-7-3-3) in Zelenograd |
| Bathrooms: |
Separate; standard baths |
| Stairs: |
Without a common fire balcony |
| Garbage chute: |
Available only in versions K-7-3-3, K-7-3-5 |
| Elevators: |
No |
| Number of apartments per floor: |
3 |
| Apartment areas: |
Shared/living/kitchen 1-room apartment 30/16/6,5-6,7 2-room apartment 44-46/29-32/6,8-7 3-room apartment 61,4/47/6,8 |
| Ventilation: |
Natural exhaust with blocks in the kitchen and bathroom. |
| Walls and cladding: |
Exterior walls- suspended concrete panels with insulation (16 cm) Partitions- ribbed panels (inter-apartment – 8 cm, interior – 4 cm) Interfloor ceilings– from 2 ribbed reinforced concrete panels (5-16 cm) Facades lined with small square tiles, sometimes with stone chips or mosaics, some of the houses were not tiled |
| Roof type: |
Flat, in later versions - ventilated |
| Manufacturer: |
Krasnopresnensky reinforced concrete plant (in 1961, became part of DSK-1), Dmitrovsky DSK (houses in the Moscow region, modification K-7-2-4) |
| Designers: |
Mosproekt (workshop No. 7) |
| Advantages: |
Separate bathrooms even in one-room apartments; kitchen area is larger than in other Khrushchev buildings |
| Flaws: |
Poor sound insulation, fragile foundation structures, drips are possible on the ceilings of the last floors |
Igor Vasilenko
Five-story buildings of the K-7 standard series became the first mass housing construction project in the Soviet Union and gave impetus to the planting of "" buildings throughout the country. The series contained a lot of shortcomings (ineffective insulation and sound insulation), so many of its modifications and differences in layouts appeared.
In Moscow, frame-panel houses of the K-7 series were built mainly in areas of mass construction in the 1950s - 1960s. Most of the houses of the K-7 series were built in the Moscow districts: Khoroshevo-Mnevniki, Beskudnikovo, Vernadskogo Avenue, Medvedkovo. The series was also built en masse in the following areas: Northern Tushino, Khovrino, Zelenograd, Degunino, Butyrsky Khutor, Sviblovo, Izmailovo, Kuzminki, Cheryomushki, st. Novatorov, st. 1905. In terms of prevalence, the series took 4th place in Moscow among five-story buildings of all periods with a market share of 19.7%.
In the Moscow region, houses of the K-7 series were built in the cities of Lyubertsy, Balashikha, Zheleznodorozhny, Elektrostal, Dmitrov, Dubna, Klin, Solnechnogorsk, Pushchino, Podolsk and Troitsk.
In the regions of Russia, the K-7 series was built in the cities of Saratov, Tula and Tolyatti. A series of analogues were built in Leningrad - OD-4 and OD-6 (Obukhovsky DSK).
At one time, the K-7 series (“K” means “frame”) was a real breakthrough and made it possible to move from individual construction to mass industrialization. The cost of construction of 1 m² of living space was 119 rubles, in 1961 prices this is the lowest figure (along with) among the Moscow series (and the fourth cheapest figure in the entire history of industrial housing construction). As a result, the K-7 series turned out to be cheap and prefabricated, which made it possible to quickly provide Soviet citizens with housing.
Today, according to the requirements for energy efficiency and housing comfort, K-7 is hopelessly outdated, and therefore must be demolished. Mass demolition of houses of the K-7 series has been carried out in Moscow since the mid-1990s. Absolutely all houses have been demolished in Zelenograd, Southern Administrative District and Central Administrative District, and in other districts demolition will be completed in 2015. In St. Petersburg, a corresponding decision was made in the early 2000s, but demolition has not yet begun. In the Moscow region, the decision to demolish it was made in 2007.
Houses of the K-7 series can be seen in many frames of the films “We’ll Live Until Monday,” “Operation “Y” and Other Adventures of Shurik.”
Detailed characteristics of the series
| Entrances | from 2 |
| Number of storeys | 5 (less often – 4). The first floor is most often residential (versions with a non-residential 1st floor were built in Khoroshevo-Mnevniki and Lefortovo) |
| Ceiling height | 2.50 m. |
| Elevators | No |
| Balconies | Only in one of the earlier versions (K-7-3-3), the place of construction was the first microdistrict. Zelenograd |
| Apartment per floor | 3 |
| Years of construction | Moscow: 1958-1966 Regions: 1959-1969 |
| Built houses | 990 |
| Apartment areas | 1-room apartment total: 30 m², living: 16 m², kitchen: 6.5-6.7 m² 2-room apartment total: 44-46 m², living: 29-32 m², kitchen: 6.8-7 m² 3-room apartment total: 61.4 m², living: 47 m², kitchen: 6.8 m² 4-room apartments were found only in the K-7-3-3 version in the 1st microdistrict of Zelenograd |
| Bathrooms | Separate, baths: standard |
| Stairs | without a shared fire balcony |
| Garbage chute | only in versions K-7-3-3, K-7-3-5 |
| Ventilation | Natural exhaust in the kitchen and bathroom |
| Walls and ceilings | External walls are curtain concrete panels with insulation with a total thickness of 16 cm, partitions are thin-walled ribbed panels (inter-apartment - 8 cm, interior - 4 cm), ceilings are made of 2 ribbed reinforced concrete panels, maximum thickness 16 cm, average thickness - 5 cm. |
| Load-bearing walls | Frame (the panels are an integral part of it). The "K" in the series title stands for "frame" |
| Colors and finishes | Colors: white, light gray, many houses have red ends Facing: small square tiles, less often - stone chips; there are houses with mosaics in the auction, some of the houses were not tiled |
| Roof type | Flat, combined with a comforter. The comforter was abandoned in later modifications in favor of a ventilated one. |
| Advantages | Separate bathrooms even in one-room apartments, kitchen areas are larger than in other Khrushchev buildings |
| Flaws | Mediocre sound insulation, fragile foundation structures, leaks are possible on the ceilings of the last floors. |
| Manufacturer | Krasnopresnensky reinforced concrete plant (in 1961, it became part of the structure of Moscow DSK-1), Dmitrovsky DSK (houses in the Moscow region, modification K-7-2-4) |
| Designer | Mosproekt (workshop No. 7). Chief Project Engineer: Vitaly Lagutenko |
