When forming an accounting policy for inventory items, an enterprise solves two issues:
1) at what price should goods, raw materials and materials in the warehouse be taken into account;
2) at what price and in what order to write off inventory items from the warehouse.
The first question is related to the fact that purchases of goods and materials are accompanied by costs for packaging, loading and unloading, transportation, etc., i.e., transportation and procurement costs.
In accordance with current legislation, an enterprise has the right to choose from the following options for the accounting price of purchased goods and materials:
1) Inventory and materials are received at the warehouse at the supplier's price, and transportation and procurement costs (TPC), based on the principle of time certainty of costs, include the cost of the current accounting period.
The advantage of this method is that the current taxable profit is reduced and quickly compensated by the TZR;
2) Inventory and materials are received at the warehouse at the full actual cost, including inventory.
The advantage is that in the warehouse materials are accounted for at actual cost. Disadvantage – compensation for TZR is deferred, taxable profit increases;
3) Inventory and equipment are accounted for in a special account separately from inventory items and are written off as inventory items are spent. The advantage is that in accounting you can accurately identify the share of consumer goods in order to influence its reduction.
When accounting for inventory items in a warehouse at the purchase price, inventory items are written off to the accounts of material costs (cost) of the period in which they arose.
When accounting for inventory items in a warehouse together with material and equipment costs, the costs of their acquisition are preliminarily accumulated on account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets”, then the inventory items are credited to the warehouse (account 10) at a price calculated based on the turnover in account 15.
When accounting for inventory items at the purchase price, and inventory items on a separate account, either a subaccount of account 10 or any free account from the chart of accounts is used.
When determining the accounting price of inventory items, you should remember that the acquisition of inventory items is a purchase, but not a cost. The acquisition of inventory items represents the transfer of one type of asset to another and does not in any way affect the cost of production. Materials become costs when they are included in the production process and transfer their cost to the cost of transportation. At this moment, it is necessary to decide in what sequence to write off the goods and materials taken from the warehouse to the cost of transportation.
When developing an accounting policy, an enterprise can choose one of the following methods for assigning the cost of materials to the cost of transportation.
Fifo method - in this case, inventory items are written off from the warehouse in the same sequence in which they arrived at the warehouse. Writing off inventory items according to the fifo principle requires the organization of batch accounting, i.e., the accounting unit becomes not the item, but the batch of inventory items.
Lifo method - in this case, inventory items are written off from the warehouse in reverse chronology, i.e., starting from the latest batch received.
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Regardless of the rating Inventory in analytical accounting account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors” in synthetic accounting credited according to the supplier's settlement documents. -
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Similar pages found:10
Unified form No. T-10
Approved by Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated 04/06/01 No. 26
Full Name
name of profession (position)
sent to (name of structural unit)_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
destination (country, city, organization)
For_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
purpose of the trip
Notes on departure on a business trip, arrival at destinations, departure from them and arrival at the place of permanent work:
Reverse side of form No. T-10
Task 8. Preparation of calculations and documents for labor accounting and
Salary
Problem 8.1. Complete the business transaction log.
| No. | Contents of business transactions | Amount, thousand rubles | Debit | Credit |
| Employees' wages accrued: | ||||
| - main production | ||||
| - general shop personnel | ||||
| Accrued on sick leave to employees | ||||
| Personal income tax withheld from sick leave | ||||
| Child birth benefit accrued | 0,2 | |||
| Wages accrued to employees involved in repairing marriages | ||||
| Wages were accrued to enterprise employees participating in the reconstruction and modernization of production | ||||
| Vacation pay accrued to employees from the reserve fund | ||||
| Personal income tax withheld from vacation pay | ||||
| Personal income tax is withheld from employee wages: | ||||
| - main production | ||||
| - auxiliary production | ||||
| - general shop personnel | ||||
| - administrative and management personnel | ||||
| - participating in the reconstruction and modernization of production | ||||
| Deducted according to writs of execution from the wages of production workers | ||||
| Deducted from wages of the AUP for goods received on credit | ||||
| Deducted from the salary of the AUP for vouchers | ||||
| Withheld to account for the shortfall from the guilty persons | ||||
| An accountable amount was withheld from the director's salary | 0,5 | |||
| Wages issued to employees: | ||||
| - main production | ||||
| - auxiliary production | ||||
| - general shop personnel | ||||
| - administrative and management personnel | ||||
| - involved in marriage repair | ||||
| Benefits were also issued for sick leave | ||||
| Vacation pay issued | ||||
| AUP salary deposited | 0,8 | |||
| Accrued UST and to the Social Insurance Fund for risk and injuries from the workers' compensation fund: | ||||
| - main production | ||||
| - auxiliary production | ||||
| - general shop personnel | ||||
| - administrative and management personnel | ||||
| - involved in marriage repair | ||||
| - participating in reconstruction and modernization | ||||
| Deposited wages are deposited into the current account |
Problem 8.2. During the inventory, a shortage of materials in the amount of 38,000 rubles was discovered at Aktiv CJSC. As a result of the investigation, employee Ivanov I.I. was found guilty of the shortage. According to Ivanov I.I. the amount of the shortfall was withheld from wages. Make the necessary accounting entries.
| Debit | Credit | Amount, rub. | Contents of operation | Document | Type of transaction |
Problem 8.3. For the month of November 20____, the payroll amounted to 340,000 rubles, including workers of main production - 175,000 rubles. and management personnel - 165,000 rubles.
1. Make payments to the following funds:
· social insurance fund;
· to the pension fund;
· compulsory health insurance fund;
· insurance contributions for compulsory social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational diseases.
2. Prepare accounting entries.
3. Complete the documents.
| Debit | Credit | Amount, rub. | Contents of operation | Document | Type of transaction |
To the cashier for payment on time from “ ” ___________ 20 to “ ” ___________ 20
Amount________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ rub. ______ kop. (________________ rub. ____ kop.)
Suma in cuirsive
Head of the organization ______________ _______________ __________________________
position signature transcript of signature
Chief Accountant _________________ _________________________________
signature signature decryption
“ ” _____________ 20 years PAYMENT
| Number in order | Personnel Number | Profession (position) | Salary, tariff rate (hourly, daily), rub. cop | Completed | Accrued, rub. | |||||||
| days (hours) | for the current month (by payment type) | Total | ||||||||||
| workers | weekends and holidays | the cost of distributed social and material benefits | ||||||||||
According to this payroll
paid __________________________________________________________ rub. ____ kop. (____________ rub. ___ kopecks)
Suma in cuirsive
and deposited __________________________________________________________ rub. ____ kop. (___________ rub. ___ kop.) amount in words
Test for task 8
1. The requirements of the chief accountant for documenting business transactions and submitting the necessary documents and information to the accounting department are mandatory for:
a) all employees of the organization;
b) accounting employees;
c) all employees of the organization, except the manager.
2. Salaries accrued to the chief accountant of a large organization are documented in the accounting entry:
a) Dt 20 Kt 70;
b) Dt 25 Kt 70;
c) Dt 26 Kt 70.
Justify your answer:_______________________________________________________________
3. The accrual of income to employees of an organization from participation in the capital of the organization is documented in an accounting entry:
a) Dt 84 Kt 70;
b) Dt 99 Kt 70;
c) Dt 84 Kt 75.
Justify your answer:_______________________________________________________________
4. When paying employees income from participation in the organization with finished products, an accounting entry is made:
a) Dt 75 Kt 90;
b) Dt 75 Kt 91;
c) Dt 70 Kt 90.
Justify your answer:_______________________________________________________________
5. Unified social tax is accrued by postings:
b) Dt 20, 23, 25, 26, 08, 44 Kt 69;
c) Dt 69 Kt 20, 23, 25, 26, 08, 44.
Justify your answer:_______________________________________________________________
6. Withholding of personal income tax from wages is carried out by postings:
a) Dt 20, 23, 25, 26, 08, 44 Kt 70;
b) Dt 70 Kt 68;
c) Dt 68 Kt 70.
Justify your answer:_______________________________________________________________
Manufacturing Enterprise Management Accounting
Accounting for inventory items
Accounting for inventory items (TMV) requires, as a rule, the processing of large volumes of information. Therefore, the configuration makes the user’s work as easy as possible through the widespread use of the default automatic data insertion mechanism, the ability to enter documents based on other documents, and using other techniques.
Accounting for goods, materials and finished products is implemented in a configuration in accordance with PBU 5/01 “Accounting for inventories” and guidelines for its application.
Operations of receipt, movement and disposal of inventory items (material assets) are registered by entering the relevant documents into the information base. In this case, accounting entries are generated automatically. Posting details are filled in based on the information contained in the document.
So, when registering the receipt of goods and materials by entering the document “Receipt of goods and services”, the range of incoming goods and materials is listed in the tabular part of the document on the “Goods” tab. Moreover, in the process of filling out the tabular part by the user for each item, the configuration automatically inserts an accounting account, a VAT account and some other data. This data is used by the configuration to automatically generate transactions.
A posting is generated for each entry in the “Products” tabular section. As a subconto (object of analytical accounting) of the debit of the transaction, indicate the directory element "Nomenclature" from the column of the same name in the tabular section "Goods".
Thus, analytical accounting of inventory items is carried out on the basis of the “Nomenclature” directory. This directory stores the names and other details of inventory items.
When automatically substituting an inventory accounting account, by default the configuration selects the most suitable entry from a special list stored in the infobase.
To indicate the accounting account for settlements with the counterparty in the default transaction, the most suitable entry from another similar list will be selected.
Thanks to the use of the principle of default, it is possible to divide the work of accounting for inventory items between accountants and other employees of the enterprise as follows. Accountants provide general methodological guidance, control and fill out lists used to substitute accounting accounts into documents recording movements of inventory items. (Moreover, the supplied configuration already contains lists pre-filled with the minimum required sets of records). And the employees responsible for registering movements of inventory items (employees of the logistics department, production departments, etc.) enter documents, fill them in with the names of inventory items, contractors and other details, after which accounting entries are generated automatically according to the rules prescribed by accountants.
Inventory assets can be disposed of for several reasons: as a result of sale, transfer to production, write-off, etc. The configuration supports the following methods for valuing inventory items upon their disposal:
- at average cost;
- at the cost of the first acquisition of inventories (FIFO method.
The choice of one method or another is set in the information base in the organization’s accounting policy settings.
In addition to synthetic accounting of inventory items on accounting accounts, the configuration provides analytical accounting by their types - item items (that is, elements of the "Nomenclature" directory) and by storage locations (warehouses). This allows you to generate accounting reports reflecting the availability and movement of inventory items by item items and storage locations in monetary and quantitative terms.
When forming an accounting policy for inventory items, an enterprise solves two issues:
1) at what price should goods, raw materials and materials in the warehouse be taken into account;
2) at what price and in what order to write off inventory items from the warehouse.
The first question is related to the fact that purchases of goods and materials are accompanied by costs for packaging, loading and unloading, transportation, etc., i.e., transportation and procurement costs.
In accordance with current legislation, an enterprise has the right to choose from the following options for the accounting price of purchased goods and materials:
1) Inventory and materials are received at the warehouse at the supplier's price, and transportation and procurement costs (TPC), based on the principle of time certainty of costs, include the cost of the current accounting period.
The advantage of this method is that the current taxable profit is reduced and quickly compensated by the TZR;
2) Inventory and materials are received at the warehouse at the full actual cost, including inventory.
The advantage is that in the warehouse materials are accounted for at actual cost. Disadvantage – compensation for TZR is deferred, taxable profit increases;
3) Inventory and equipment are accounted for in a special account separately from inventory items and are written off as inventory items are spent. The advantage is that in accounting you can accurately identify the share of consumer goods in order to influence its reduction.
When accounting for inventory items in a warehouse at the purchase price, inventory items are written off to the accounts of material costs (cost) of the period in which they arose.
When accounting for inventory items in a warehouse together with material and equipment costs, the costs of their acquisition are preliminarily accumulated on account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets”, then the inventory items are credited to the warehouse (account 10) at a price calculated based on the turnover in account 15.
When accounting for inventory items at the purchase price, and inventory items on a separate account, either a subaccount of account 10 or any free account from the chart of accounts is used.
When determining the accounting price of inventory items, you should remember that the acquisition of inventory items is a purchase, but not a cost. The acquisition of inventory items represents the transfer of one type of asset to another and does not in any way affect the cost of production. Materials become costs when they are included in the production process and transfer their cost to the cost of transportation. At this moment, it is necessary to decide in what sequence to write off the goods and materials taken from the warehouse to the cost of transportation.
When developing an accounting policy, an enterprise can choose one of the following methods for assigning the cost of materials to the cost of transportation.
Fifo method - in this case, inventory items are written off from the warehouse in the same sequence in which they arrived at the warehouse. Writing off inventory items according to the fifo principle requires the organization of batch accounting, i.e., the accounting unit becomes not the item, but the batch of inventory items.
Lifo method - in this case, inventory items are written off from the warehouse in reverse chronology, i.e., starting from the latest batch received.
