Project name: "The development of a plant from a seed"

Objective of the project: to trace how new plants grow from seeds, to find out empirically what conditions are necessary for seed germination.

Project objectives:

• Prepare the necessary equipment for the project
• To individually create conditions for the germination of plants for each participant in the project.
• Self-germinate a selected plant from a seed
• Register your observations in a diary
• Draw conclusions on this project

Activities:

• search engine- work with literature and Internet resources about various plants
• creative- developing interest and broadening the horizons of students
• research- observation of grown plants

Object of study: seeds of cucumbers, tomatoes, beans, wheat.

Subject of study: plant growth conditions

Practical project output: creation of a collective project

Relevance

The world of plants is amazing and diverse. Every attentive observer and thoughtful researcher can discover something new in him.

In the Biology lessons, we got acquainted with the development of plants from seed. This served as the basis for the creation of our project. In our class, several students expressed a desire to grow their own plant and observe its development, while the rest watched the control process of germinating seeds and growing a plant in the classroom.

The research work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, we studied the issues of seed germination and processed the necessary information. In the practical part, we used experimental research methods, based on the results of which we made the appropriate conclusions.

Hypothesis

Among the wide variety of plants, all seeds need the same germination conditions. Therefore, we assumed that the seeds of beans, cucumber, tomato, wheat, beans can be germinated at home. For the purity of the experiment, various planting materials were used: sawdust, soil, peat tablets and hydrogel.

Before the start of the study, a hypothesis: if one of the conditions is excluded, the seeds will not germinate.

Project implementation plan

• Clarify the conditions for seed germination. Seed germination stages.
• Find out effective methods for germinating seeds at home.
• Observe the development of the sprouts.
• Monitor compliance with the terms.
• Keep an observation diary.
• Acquire new knowledge.
• Get the end result.
• Make a conclusion.

Expected results

It is assumed that as a result of the work, a project will be created.

Grade 5 students will show interest and take an active part in the search for materials about plants in order to further design the project, expand their horizons, and gain experience in the field of plant growing.

The implementation of the project will allow solving the problems of fostering an active life position in children, forming a sense of responsibility.

from the experience of a primary school teacher MBOU "Secondary School No. 33" in Kazan Salimullina Yulduz Rafisovna.

Explanatory note.

Changes in Russian education and transformations in society require a new approach to the learning process from the school teacher. In modern conditions of life, it is not enough just to possess a set of knowledge, skills and abilities, one must be able to acquire them more and more, to be able to apply them in real life, in a real situation.

In a modern dynamically developing information society, we really need not so much knowledge as the ability to obtain it and the ability to apply independently acquired knowledge in all kinds of situations.

The formation of educational and cognitive activity is one of the main factors of learning that stimulate the development of primary schoolchildren.

The project method is a joint activity of a teacher and students aimed at finding a solution to the problem that has arisen, problem situation.

The correlation between the problem and the practical implementation of the results obtained for its solution or consideration makes the project method so attractive for the education system.

Design and research activities make it possible to form on their basis the educational and cognitive activities of students, since these types of activities are structurally similar.

Student design is the process of working on an educational project, the process of achieving the intended result in the form of a specific "product" (project).

Student design is becoming a popular form of organizing the creative activity of students in educational institutions of various levels. In favor of its use, teachers find numerous and most diverse arguments. Student design is gaining recognition as a versatile means of solving various educational problems.

By including junior schoolchildren in the project, you can develop the following skills:

Determine the purpose of the activity, plan it, perform actions and operations;

correlate the result of the activity and its purpose;

control your actions.

Perform mental operations that are part of the project activity.

Conduct observations.

Set up simple experiments, build simple models of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.

The implementation of the project is carried out with the aim of educating children, their civic position, their social orientation and adaptation in society, self-affirmation.

The topics of project activities must be clearly thought out. The subject material must be built in an appropriate logical sequence, the educational and cognitive activity of primary schoolchildren must be designed so that it reflects the logic of scientific and cognitive activity.

Working on projects, students get acquainted with the diversity of the world around them, get ideas about its structure, how to gain knowledge about it, learn to independently obtain information, systematize and generalize it; responsibility for their activities, respectful and equal interaction with partners is formed.

Such work prepares younger students for a deeper study of the foundations of the sciences. Therefore, an important task is to equip students with the methods of scientific knowledge. Most importantly, the teacher must convey to each student that they will learn to conduct independent research and do the work that scientists do. Learning should be built on the basis of independent activity, reproducing the main points inherent in research and project activities. An individual approach is needed here. I start teaching this type of activity from the first grade. I rely on a group of children and parents interested in preparing projects. The work results in various competitions. I use design technology in the classroom. She develops versatile learning activities.

The competition of research projects “I am a young researcher” has become a tradition in our school. I consider project activities in elementary school to be relevant, since today it is necessary, instead of assimilating ready-made knowledge, abilities and skills, to develop the child's personality, his creative abilities, independent thinking and a sense of personal responsibility. In my opinion, it is project activity that allows students to acquire knowledge, helps to connect them with real life. The method of the educational project contributes to the formation of key competencies of students, preparing them for real conditions of life. It takes the process of teaching and upbringing from the walls of the school to the outside world.

I would like to bring to your attention the design and research work of a 1st grade student on the topic: “Amazing is near. Growing exotic fruits at home ”.

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school number 33 with in-depth study of individual subjects" Aviastroitelny district of Kazan

Abdrafikova Irina

Project Manager:

Galimova Maria Sergeevna

Institution:

MBOU SOSH № 38 Ozersk

In the training research work in biology on the topic "Bone tree" the author set a goal, to reveal what conditions are necessary for the growth and good development of exotic plants in a room setting, to learn new and interesting things from the life of plants.

More about work:

An individual project for the surrounding world is based on the author's description of background information on the cultivation of exotic plants such as dates, tangerines and pomegranates by sprouting the seeds of their fruit. The author conducts an experiment and determines the conditions for growing a tree from a seed at home.

In a finished research biology project "Bone tree" the author considered the principles of cultivation and the rules for caring for dates, pomegranates and tangerines at home, an experiment was carried out on germinating the seeds of the fruits of these plants, sowing them and observing their growth. In the course of the experiments, the author identified the factors necessary to grow and maintain an exotic plant for our area at home.

Introduction
1. Plants from seed.
2. Composition of the soil. Landing conditions. Planting plants.
conclusions
Conclusion
Literature
Application

Introduction

We have many plants at home, including exotic ones. I love them and take care of them. Many of my mother and I raised from seeds.

Growing and observing plants is a very fun and educational process. The development of a plant from the germination of a seed to the appearance of the first flowers or fruits is the magic of nature. Science confirms that plants grown from seeds have several benefits. These plants tighter, healthier, more abundant bloom. Not to mention the pleasure of the process when a beautiful flower or tree grows from a small seed. It takes a lot of time and patience before a full-grown plant grows.

Due to the increasing popularity, it is exotic plants, I decided to conduct a series of experiments related to identifying the conditions necessary for their development. By exotic plants, I mean plants that are unusual for our area.

Objects my research - exotic plants: date, tangerine and pomegranate.

Subject of study : conditions for growing a tree from a stone at home.

I chose this theme of the project because I wanted to find out what needs to be done to make this miracle of nature come true - the transformation of a small seed into an adult plant.

A plant begins its life from a seed. A tiny seed falls into the ground, it begins to grow, a root and sprout appear, then leaves, flowers and fruits.

Goals:

1. Determine what conditions are necessary for the growth and good development of exotic plants in a room setting.
2. Learn new and interesting things from plant life.
3. Expand your horizons and improve your vocabulary.

Tasks:

1. Select and study additional literature on the topic of the project.
2. Conduct practical work: selection of seeds, sowing, care, observation of growth.
3. Learn to take care of the plants yourself.
4. Compare the results obtained and summarize.
5. Identify in the course of experiments the factors necessary to grow and maintain an exotic plant at home.

The relevance of research associated with the popularity of cultivation of decorative exotic trees in indoor conditions at the present time.

Hypothesis. If we manage to grow and preserve dates, pomegranates and tangerines (exotic plants) from the seed, then we can say that it is adapted to domestic conditions, despite the difference in climatic conditions in which it grows in nature.

Practical significance: research expands the understanding of the cultivation of exotic trees. The recommendations proposed in the work allow you to competently approach the germination of seeds and grow healthy, strong plants in the future. Gaining additional knowledge about the world around you.

Research methods: experiment, observation, description.

Seed plants

Date fruit (lat. Phoenix) - genus plants of the Palm family. Representatives of the genus are trees or squat shrubs with pinnately-divided leaves. Most species are single-trunk trees, but there are multiple-trunk species. The leaves are long, with strong sharp spines at the base.

The flowers are small, yellow in color, collected in paniculate inflorescences.

Finger dates Phoenix dactylifera is a very tall palm tree, the trunk reaches a height of 15-30 m, the trunk becomes bare over the years, the leaves are curved, green. Edible fruits.

On the market, as dried fruits, you can buy the fruits of the Finger Date.

Care: temperature: moderate, winter temperature for Canary and finger dates is 8-16 ° C.

Lighting: very bright place, direct sun is useful. For uniform development of the crown, the date is periodically turned in different directions towards the light, while the top of the last young leaf should be directed into the interior of the room, and not towards the window. In summer, if possible, the date palm is taken out into the garden, a place is chosen protected from the wind.

Distributed in the Canary Islands, in the oases of the Sahara, Arabia and Western Asia.

Common pomegranate Punica granatum is a deciduous tree with erect, highly branching shoots covered with grayish-brown bark. Leaves sessile or on short petioles, lanceolate, blunt from the end, up to 7 cm long. Flowers are solitary, formed at the ends of the shoots. Pomegranate is a long-term tree of a subtropical climate, however, by the age of 50-60, the yield decreases, and old plantings are replaced with young ones.

Flowers are bell-shaped, double and single, orange-red, up to 4 cm in diameter.

Leaves are oval, light green, 3 cm long. They form spherical pomegranate fruits with a leathery pericarp and numerous juicy seeds. Lives up to 50 years, reaching a height of 5-6 m. The fruit is the size of an orange, its peel is from orange-yellow to brown-red. The natural range of the pomegranate covers Western Asia, which includes the territories of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, southern Armenia, Georgia, Iran, the southern part of Western Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. In Central Asia, wild pomegranate is found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

Mandarin(lat. Citrus reticulata) is an evergreen plant, a species of the genus Citrus ( Citrus).Word " mandarin»Borrowed into Russian from Spanish (probably through French). Spanish name " mandarino"derived from" se mondar " (« easy to clean") And contains an indication of the property of the peel of the fruit to be easily separated from the pulp.

Young shoots are dark green. The leaves are relatively small, ovate or elliptical, the petioles are almost without wings or slightly winged Flowers are single or placed in pairs in the axils of the leaves, The petals are dull white, the stamens are mostly with underdeveloped anthers and pollen.

Originally from southern China and Cochin-hina; in the wild, unknown. Introduced to Europe only at the beginning 19th century.

In India, Indochina, China, South Korea and Japan - the most common citrus crop. It is also widely cultivated throughout the Mediterranean - in Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Turkey; grown in Abkhazia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as in Brazil and Argentina.

Soil composition. Landing conditions. Planting

In our experiment, we used expanded clay drainage (Garden of Miracles firm), as it prevents soil acidification. Optimizes moisture and air exchange. Eliminates the appearance of mold and mosses on the surface of the soil. Helps plants to cope with periods of forced drought.

Nutrient soil "Palma" (completely ready-made, neutral). Contains vermicompost (organic fertilizer). Firm "Garden of Miracles". It is especially effective for growing large specimens of ornamental plants: palms (date, hamerops) and others.

Nutrient soil "Lemon", ready-made neutral, highly supplied with nutrients. Firm "Garden of Miracles".

Remedy for soil pests "Mukhoed". It is used to combat soil flies and mushroom gnats on indoor plants. Firm "August".

For planting, we purchased from the store fruits of dates, dried fruits, tangerines and pomegranates.

Date seed is very hard. To speed up the seed germination time, we used the following methods:

1. Soak- soaking, wetting, soaking seeds, immersing seeds in water or various aqueous solutions or wetting them with water and solutions before sowing. We chose ten seeds suitable for planting, cleaned, washed, soaked in warm water for a day.

2. Scarification(from lat. scarifico- I scratch) - partial violation of the integrity of the hard waterproof shell of seeds in order to facilitate their swelling and germination and increase the percentage of germination. Distinguish between mechanical, for example, rubbing seeds with sandpaper or grinding with sand, iron filings and other materials, and chemical scarification, for example, etching with sulfuric acid followed by washing with water. During scarification, the strength of the seed shell decreases, and they germinate more easily and faster.

When the bones were swollen, we carefully scratched ten of them with a needle for faster penetration of water into the interior. Two bones were left intact for comparison.

The pomegranate and tangerine seeds were peeled from the pulp and washed.

All the seeds were put in wet cheesecloth, placed in a foam pad, as it insulates the heat so that moisture does not evaporate, covered with a plastic wrap, the date was prescribed. Seeds need warmth to germinate, so we placed them on a windowsill.

Result: table

As a result, it was revealed that those seeds that had undergone scarification sprouted faster.

We chose containers for seedlings of different sizes. Date fruit we planted it in a deep container, 10 cm in diameter, to avoid damage to the roots during further transplantation. Pomegranate and tangerine planted in shallow containers with a diameter of 6-7 cm. Drainage was placed at the bottom of the pots. Soil was poured for the date " Palm", For pomegranate and tangerine - soil" Lemon". The germinated seeds were carefully placed, soil was poured on top, in a layer of 1 to 1.5 cm. For comparison, non-germinated seeds were planted. We poured it with pre-prepared water at room temperature, glued leaves with dates and names of plants. All the pots were placed in plastic bags and placed on the windowsill.

Result: table

Eventually, it turned out that not all pomegranate and mandarin seeds sprout evenly. Some sprouted pomegranate seeds rotted after planting from excess moisture. Mandarin seeds planted with a non-germinated soak method germinate more slowly than germinated seeds. Dates not germinated sprout longer than other plants due to the hard seed coat.

Result: table

After the first shoots appeared, the plastic bags were removed to allow the plants to adapt to indoor conditions. We watched the growth, watered, fertilized.

In the summer, they were taken to a dacha (Argayash district), grown on an open terrace, away from direct sunlight.

In winter, some of the dates and pomegranates were left in the country house at a room temperature of 12 ° C. They rarely watered. The rest of the dates and tangerines were grown in an apartment at a temperature of 22-25 ° C. After seven months, we got a good result.

conclusions

After analyzing our observations during the experiment, and having studied additional materials on the project topic, I made the following conclusions:

• The plant needs water. Each seed has a supply of nutrients, a small "pantry". But seeds can only use nutrients dissolved in water. Therefore, when the seeds are placed in a moist environment, the nutrients are dissolved in the water and give the seed the strength to grow.
• The plant needs air. Like all living things, the seed breathes oxygen. And oxygen, as you know, is contained in the air. Without air access, the plant will die.
• The plant needs warmth. In warmth, all processes occur faster. The seed does not germinate in the cold. Without heat, the plant hibernates and may even die.
• The plant needs light. Under the influence of sunlight, nutrients are produced in the leaves of plants. Leaves are “ live factories"For food production. They contain a sticky green substance called chlorophyll. With its help, plants produce their own food. It looks like sweetish juice and is called sap. Entering all parts of the plant, the resin nourishes it and gives strength for growth. The formation of nutrient sap in plant leaves is called photosynthesis.
• The plant receives nutrients from the soil. The roots of the plant draw water and minerals from the soil. If the soil is poor, then the plant develops worse. Therefore, people apply fertilizers to the soil in order to get a good harvest.

Conclusion

Our studies have shown that even exotic trees can be grown indoors.

• factors close to the climatic conditions in which it grows;
• exotic plants need water, light and heat;
• exotic plants are able to adapt to home conditions.

In particular: location.

My grandmother loves to grow indoor plants because they decorate the apartment, cheer up. I help my grandmother plant them, take care of them. Recently, we have become interested in rare plants. Once, from a television program, I learned that an exotic plant can be grown from a seed in our region. I wanted to try it myself. I consulted with my grandmother and my teacher, they agreed to help me with this experiment. So experiment and observation, which is an integral part of any experiment, will be the main methods in the course of research work.

Hypothesis my work: suppose that at home you can grow not only lemon, date, but also mango from seeds.
We decided to buy dates, mango and lemon. When the fruit was eaten with pleasure, fresh seeds and seeds remained in the palm of your hand, just extracted from the ripe pulp, which means they are quite viable and ready for growth. For some reason, it is believed that beautiful plants will grow from them that will take root in the house for many years, and I want to give them this chance.

Target: grow plants from mango, lemon and date seeds.

Tasks:
1. Learn to take care of plants on your own.
2. Learn as much as possible about the planted plants, study reference literature about them.
3. To develop hard work, endurance.
4. To form the ability to observe, compare, analyze.
5. To cultivate a responsible attitude and interest in indoor plants as objects of the surrounding world.

The human need for plants is high. In addition to the decorative effect, the leaves of these plants attract toxins, gases, dust. They can be grown at least due to the fact that they have a phytoncidal effect.

Planting
Landing conditions. Soil composition.
Expanded clay drainage. Product of CJSC MNPL FART. Firm "Garden of Miracles". Prevents soil acidification. Optimizes moisture and air exchange. Eliminates the appearance of mold and mosses on the surface of the soil. Helps plants to cope with periods of forced drought. Additive to flower peat soils. The volume of soil in the package is 2 liters. City Saint Petersburg, st. Lensovet No. 58.
Nutrient soil "Palma" (completely ready-made, neutral). Contains vermicompost. Products of CJSC "MNPL" FART ". Firm "Garden of Miracles".
It is especially effective for growing large specimens of ornamental plants: palms (date, hamerops and others), ficuses, dracaena. Production city St. Petersburg, st. Lensovet No. 58.
Fertilizer based on vermicompost "Ideal", universal. Origin: liquid fraction of the natural waste product of earthworms. Recommended: for feeding all types of vegetable, fruit, berry, green, flower crops and seedlings, as well as for soaking seeds and rooting cuttings. Production of the city of Moscow.
Remedy for soil pests "Mukhoed". It is used to combat soil flies and mushroom gnats on indoor plants. Firm "August". Troitsk city, Moscow region.

Output: The study of recommendations for planting plants and instructions for use, as well as analysis of the composition of ready-made universal products intended for growing all types of flower crops, is a preparatory work before conducting an experiment on growing fruit plants.

The purpose of my work- grow an avocado plant at home.

Project product will be - an avocado plant.

To achieve this goal, I need to solve the following tasks:

1. Collect material on the topic.
2. Analyze the collected information.
3. Collect and prepare seeds for sowing.
4. Germinate and plant seeds.
5. Observe and record the growth of the plant.

Methods:

1. Search for information on the Internet, in the library.
2. Study and analysis of literature.
3. Observation, comparison.
4. Agrotechnical techniques for growing avocados.

Conclusions:

1. Having studied the literature on growing avocados at home, I learned that it is more effective to propagate an avocado. (Avocado) can be done vegetatively or by vaccination.
2. Therefore, I am growing two more plants to obtain material from these propagation methods.
3. Work on the formation of the avocado plant will continue.

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